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<font size=3><br>
</font><font size=3 color="#110000"><b>GEORGE JACKSON: BLACK
REVOLUTIONARY <br><br>
By Walter Rodney, November 1971<br><br>
</b><a href="http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/477.html">
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/477.html</a><br><br>
To most readers in this continent, starved of authentic information by
the imperialist news agencies, the name of George Jackson is either
unfamiliar or just a name. The powers that be in the United States put
forward the official version that George Jackson was a dangerous criminal
kept in maximum security in Americas toughest jails and still capable of
killing a guard at Soledad Prison. They say that he himself was killed
attempting escape this year in August. Official versions given by the
United States of everything from the Bay of Pigs in Cuba to the Bay of
Tonkin in Vietnam have the common characteristic of standing truth on its
head. George Jackson was jailed ostensibly for stealing 70 dollars. He
was given a sentence of one year to life because he was black, and he was
kept incarcerated for years under the most dehumanizing conditions
because he discovered that blackness need not be a badge of servility but
rather could be a banner for uncompromising revolutionary struggle. He
was murdered because he was doing too much to pass this attitude on to
fellow prisoners. George Jackson was political prisoner and a black
freedom fighter. He died at the hands of the enemy. <br><br>
Once it is made known that George Jackson was a black revolutionary in
the white mans jails, at least one point is established, since we are
familiar with the fact that a significant proportion of African
nationalist leaders graduated from colonialist prisons, and right now the
jails of South Africa hold captive some of the best of our brothers in
that part of the continent. Furthermore, there is some considerable
awareness that ever since the days of slavery the U.S.A. is nothing but a
vast prison as far as African descendants are concerned. Within this
prison, black life is cheap, so it should be no surprise that George
Jackson was murdered by the San Quentin prison authorities who are
responsible to Americas chief prison warder, Richard Nixon. What remains
is to go beyond the generalities and to understand the most significant
elements attaching to George Jacksons life and death. <br><br>
When he was killed in August this year, George Jackson was twenty nine
years of age and had spent the last fifteen [correction: 11 years] behind
bars—seven of these in special isolation. As he himself put it, he was
from the lumpen. He was not part of the regular producer force of workers
and peasants. Being cut off from the system of production, lumpen
elements in the past rarely understood the society which victimized them
and were not to be counted upon to take organized revolutionary steps
within capitalist society. Indeed, the very term lumpen proletariat was
originally intended to convey the inferiority of this sector as compared
with the authentic working class. <br><br>
Yet George Jackson, like Malcolm X before him, educated himself painfully
behind prison bars to the point where his clear vision of historical and
contemporary reality and his ability to communicate his perspective
frightened the U.S. power structure into physically liquidating him.
Jacksons survival for so many years in vicious jails, his self-education,
and his publication of Soledad Brother were tremendous personal
achievements, and in addition they offer on interesting insight into the
revolutionary potential of the black mass in the U.S.A., so many of whom
have been reduced to the status of lumpen. <br><br>
Under capitalism, the worker is exploited through the alienation of part
of the product of his labour. For the African peasant, the exploitation
is effected through manipulation of the price of the crops which he
laboured to produce. Yet, work has always been rated higher than
unemployment, for the obvious reason that survival depends upon the
ability to obtain work. Thus, early in the history of industrialization,
workers coined the slogan the right to work. Masses of black people in
the U.S.A. are deprived of this basic right. At best they live in a limbo
of uncertainty as casual workers, last to be hired and first to be fired.
The line between the unemployed or criminals cannot be dismissed as white
lumpen in capitalist Europe were usually dismissed. <br><br>
The latter were considered as misfits and regular toilers served as the
vanguard. The thirty-odd million black people in the U.S.A. are not
misfits. They are the most oppressed and the most threatened as far as
survival is concerned. The greatness of George Jackson is that he served
as a dynamic spokesman for the most wretched among the oppressed, and he
was in the vanguard of the most dangerous front of struggle. <br><br>
Jail is hardly an arena in which one would imagine that guerrilla warfare
would take place. Yet, it is on this most disadvantaged of terrains that
blacks have displayed the guts to wage a war for dignity and freedom. In
Soledad Brother, George Jackson movingly reveals the nature of this
struggle as it has evolved over the last few years. Some of the more
recent episodes in the struggle at San Quentin prison are worth
recording. On February 27th this year, black and brown (Mexican)
prisoners announced the formation of a Third World Coalition. This came
in the wake of such organizations as a Black Panther Branch at San
Quentin and the establishment of SATE (Self-Advancement Through
Education). This level of mobilisation of the nonwhite prisoners was
resented and feared by white guards and some racist white prisoners. The
latter formed themselves into a self-declared Nazi group, and months of
violent incidents followed. Needless to say, with white authority on the
side of the Nazis, Afro and Mexican brothers had a very hard time. George
Jackson is not the only casualty on the side of the blacks. But their
unity was maintained, and a majority of white prisoners either refused to
support the Nazis or denounced them. So, even within prison walls the
first principle to be observed was unity in struggle. Once the most
oppressed had taken the initiative, then they could win allies. <br><br>
The struggle within the jails is having wider and wider repercussions
every day. Firstly, it is creating true revolutionary cadres out of more
and more lumpen. This is particularly true in the jails of California,
but the movement is making its impact felt everywhere from Baltimore to
Texas. Brothers inside are writing poetry, essays and letters which strip
white capitalist America naked. Like the Soledad Brothers, they have come
to learn that sociology books call us antisocial and brand us criminals,
when actually the criminals are in the social register. The names of
those who rule America are all in the social register. <br><br>
Secondly, it is solidifying the black community in a remarkable way.
Petty bourgeois blacks also feel threatened by the manic police, judges
and prison officers. Black intellectuals who used to be completely
alienated from any form of struggle except their personal hustle now
recognize the need to ally with and take their bearings from the street
forces of the black unemployed, ghetto dwellers and prison inmates.
<br><br>
Thirdly, the courage of black prisoners has elicited a response from
white America. The small band of white revolutionaries has taken a
positive stand. The Weathermen decried Jacksons murder by placing a few
bombs in given places and the Communist Party supported the demand by the
black prisoners and the Black Panther Party that the murder was to be
investigated. On a more general note, white liberal America has been
disturbed. The white liberals never like to be told that white capitalist
society is too rotten to be reformed. Even the established capitalist
press has come out with esposes of prison conditions, and the fascist
massacres of black prisoners at Attica prison recently brought Senator
Muskie out with a cry of enough. <br><br>
Fourthly (and for our purposes most significantly) the efforts of black
prisoners and blacks in America as a whole have had international
repercussions. The framed charges brought against Black Panther leaders
and against Angela Davis have been denounced in many parts of the world.
Committees of defense and solidarity have been formed in places as far as
Havana and Leipzig. OPAAL declared August 18th as the day of
international solidarity with Afro-Americans; and significantly most of
their propaganda for this purpose ended with a call to Free All Political
Prisoners. <br><br>
For more than a decade now, peoples liberation movements in Vietnam,
Cuba, Southern Africa, etc., have held conversations with militants and
progressives in the U.S.A. pointing to the duality and respective
responsibilities of struggle within the imperialist camp. The revolution
in the exploited colonies and neo-colonies has as its objective the
expulsion of the imperialists: the revolution in the metropolis is to
transform the capitalist relations of production in the countries of
their origin. Since the U.S.A. is the overlord of world imperialism, it
has been common to portray any progressive movement there as operating
within the belly of the beast. Inside an isolation block in Soledad or
San Quentin prisons, this was not merely a figurative expression. George
Jackson knew well what it meant to seek for heightened socialist and
humanist consciousness inside the belly of the white imperialist beast.
<br><br>
International solidarity grows out of struggle in different localities.
This is the truth so profoundly and simply expressed by Che Guevara when
he called for the creation of one, two, three - many Vietnams. It has
long been recognized that the white working class in the U.S.A is
historically incapable of participating (as a class) in anti-imperialist
struggle. White racism and Americas leading role in world imperialism
transformed organized labour in the U.S. into a reactionary force.
Conversely, the black struggle is internationally significant because it
unmasks the barbarous social relations of capitalism and places the enemy
on the defensive on his own home ground. This is amply illustrated in the
political process which involved the three Soledad Brothers—George
Jackson, Fleeta Drumgo and John Clutchette—as well as Angela Davis and a
host of other blacks now behind prison bars in the U.S.A. <br><br>
<i>NOTE: George Jackson also authored Blood In My Eye which was published
posthumously, or after this article was written. <br><br>
<br><br>
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