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<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington07242008.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington07242008.html<br>
</a></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>July 24, 2008<br><br>
</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b><i>Salim Hamdan's
Guantanamo Trial <br><br>
</i></font><h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000">
<b>Folly and Injustice
</b></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4>By ANDY
WORTHINGTON <br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=6 color="#990000">O</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>n June 12, when the Supreme Court
<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington06132008.html">ruled</a>,
in <i>Boumediene v. Bush</i>, that the prisoners at Guantánamo had
constitutional habeas corpus rights, it was not immediately clear if the
decision would have an impact on the Military Commissions at Guantánamo,
the alternative legal system for trying “War on Terror” prisoners that
was stealthily established in November 2001 (bypassing the Justice
Department, the State Department and the National Security Agency) by
Vice President Dick Cheney and his chief counsel David
Addington.<br><br>
Logic dictated that <i>Boumediene</i> would extend to those facing trial
by Military Commission, because, under the terms of the Military
Commissions Act (MCA), which was passed by Congress after the Supreme
Court struck down the first version of the Commissions as illegal in June
2006, prisoners could only be put forward for trial by Military
Commission if they had been designated as “enemy combatants” in the
Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRTs), the administrative review
process established at Guantánamo in 2004.<br><br>
As with justice, however, logic is in short supply in the executive’s
approach to terror suspects, who have been deprived of the protections of
the Geneva Conventions, tortured, coerced or bribed to make false
confessions, and, essentially, designated as “enemy combatants” by
Presidential whim alone, with the intention, in most cases, of holding
them forever without charge or trial.<br><br>
So here’s the problem: In <i>Boumediene</i>, the Supreme Court ruled that
the habeas-stripping provisions of the MCA and its predecessor, 2005’s
Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), which provided for limited review of the
prisoners’ CSRTs, did not provide an adequate substitute for habeas, and
instructed the lower courts to allow the prisoners’ habeas cases to
proceed. This process is now underway, as I reported here, but those
facing trial by Military Commission were not necessarily included, even
though their cases involve the same problems relating to habeas, the DTA
and the MCA as all the other cases.<br><br>
On July 3, lawyers for Salim Hamdan, one of 20 prisoners facing trial by
Military Commission, raised this unresolved issue, filing legal papers
asking District Judge James Robertson to delay the start of Hamdan’s
trial, and arguing that he should be allowed to challenge his detention
in a federal court, based on the Supreme Court’s <i>Boumediene</i>
verdict. In a 46-page court filing, his lawyers wrote, “This case raises
the question of whether the constitutional right to habeas corpus can be
rendered illusory by subjecting an individual to an unconstitutional
trial by military commission. Trying Hamdan under a dubious regime whose
very legality has been called into question would reduce the legitimacy
of the proceedings in this country and in the eyes of the
world.”<br><br>
Last Thursday, Judge Robertson heard oral arguments from government
lawyers and from Hamdan’s civilian lawyer, Neal Katyal. Robertson and
Katyal had met before. In 2004, in what the <i>New York Times</i>
described as “a theatrically timed federal court injunction,” Judge
Robertson called a halt to the Commissions, on the basis that the CSRTs
did not reach the level of a “competent tribunal,” as demanded by the
Geneva Conventions. He also ruled that, until a “competent tribunal”
determined that Hamdan was not a Prisoner of War (PoW), as defined and
protected by the Geneva Conventions, he had the right to be tried under
the same judicial system as US soldiers, and added that, even if he was
determined not to be a PoW, the Military Commissions as they stood were
inadequate and would not be allowed to proceed until their rules were
revised to accord with the federal laws governing the trial of soldiers.
In a final blow to the administration, Judge Robertson specifically
addressed Hamdan’s detention in Guantánamo, ruling that he was not to be
held indefinitely in solitary confinement and should be returned to the
rest of the prisoner population.<br><br>
This was a significant victory for Hamdan, of course, and although it
only lasted until July 2005, when it was overturned by the Court of
Appeals, that decision ultimately led all the way to the Supreme Court,
where Hamdan gained his second victory in June 2006, in <i>Hamdan v.
Rumsfeld</i>, the ruling that finally derailed the first version of the
Commissions.<br><br>
Last week, however, Hamdan’s run of significant court victories came to
an end, after a two-hour hearing with Judge Robertson in which both sides
put their cases. Defending the process, and Hamdan’s eligibility for the
trial, lawyers for the government said, as the Christian Science Monitor
explained, that the Commission process “was created by Congress and
features an impartial judge and jury, as well as a ‘full panoply’ of
trial rights.” In a court filing, Justice Department lawyer Alexander
Haas declared, “Such rights for an alien charged with war crimes are
utterly unprecedented and far exceed the protections given to the
defendants [in prior war crimes tribunals].”<br><br>
In response, Neal Katyal’s brief stated, “The Government notes that the
public has a strong interest in the prompt, effective, and efficient
administration of justice. Hamdan could not agree more. But … rushing to
try him just weeks after the Supreme Court has upended the foundations
for his commission and acknowledged his right to habeas will lead to
confusion, inefficiencies, and uncertainty.” He added, “All he wants is a
fair trial. If individuals merely being detained have a right to
challenge their detention, then detainees who are set to be tried must
have an even stronger right to challenge a trial that may result in life
imprisonment or death.”<br><br>
Judge Robertson, however, had other ideas. Siding with the government,
who had also declared, “The purpose of constitutional habeas is to test
the legality of detention, not to challenge a trial in advance” (even
though there were obvious chicken-and-egg conclusions to be drawn from
the statement), Judge Robertson agreed that, under the terms of the MCA,
Hamdan’s lawyers were required to wait until a verdict was reached in the
trial before raising constitutional challenges. Curiously, however, he
made no mention of how ironic it was that he had ended up defending a
much-criticized piece of legislation that had only come about because of
the Supreme Court’s dismissal of the original Commission system in which
he, of course, had played a major part.<br><br>
And so, on Monday, despite having twice secured significant legal
victories, Salim Hamdan was brought from his cell to face the first full
US war crimes trial since the Second World War. Noticeably, however, the
administration refrained from trumpeting the proceedings as the 21st
century’s answer to the Nuremberg Trials, even though comparisons with
the Nazi war trials have often featured in the government’s
rhetoric.<br><br>
Perhaps this was because of
<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington05172008.html">Col.
Morris Davis</a>. The Commissions’ former chief prosecutor, Col. Davis
resigned in October 2007, complaining that his superiors had politicized
the process, and explaining that he could not continue in his job because
he refused to take part in trials that allowed evidence obtained through
torture. In February 2008, Col. Davis reported that, during a discussion
of the Nuremberg Trials with the Defense Department’s chief counsel
William J. Haynes II, in which Davis noted that there had been some
acquittals, which had “lent great credibility to the proceedings,” Haynes
told him, “We can’t have acquittals. We’ve been holding these guys for
years. How can we explain acquittals? We have to have
convictions.”<br><br>
Or perhaps it was because, in the absence of Adolf Hitler, Nuremberg’s
convenors did not respond by putting one of his drivers on trial
instead.<br>
The government alleges that Hamdan was more of a player in al-Qaeda than
merely part of the motor pool, and it’s possible, I suppose, that his
trial will reveal who is telling the truth. More likely it will reveal
more about the sleep deprivation (50 days straight) that Hamdan endured,
the sexual humiliation, the prolonged isolation, and the cruel effect of
all this treatment on his mind, as well as more about an explosive
revelation by the former FBI interrogator and “al-Qaeda expert” Ali
Soufan, who explained on the trial’s second day that Guantánamo, as the
Associated Press described it, “is the only place in the world where he
has not informed suspects of a right against self-incrimination.” “The
way it was explained to us,” Soufan said, “is Guantánamo Bay is an
intelligence collection point.”<br><br>
Judge Allred, presiding over the case, has already stated that he will
rule out testimony obtained coercively while Hamdan was held in
Afghanistan, but it seems unlikely that he will be able to explain how
Hamdan’s treatment in Guantánamo was justified -- and how it continues to
be justified. It also seems unlikely that Judge Allred will be able to
explain why, after being imprisoned for almost as long as the Second
World War, Salim Hamdan is not in fact a Prisoner of War, protected from
sleep deprivation, sexual humiliation, prolonged isolation and sustained
interrogation by the Geneva Conventions, and entitled to ask, as a
prisoner who can be held until the end of hostilities, if it is really
feasible for the government to declare that it is engaged in a “war” that
might last for generations.<br><br>
This, I think, is the conversation we should be having, but it will
clearly not happen until something else forces the collapse of the
administration’s foolish and unjust substitute for a fair trial.<br><br>
<b>Andy Worthington</b> is a British historian, and the author of
'<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745326641/counterpunchmaga">
The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's
Illegal Prison'</a> (published by Pluto Press). Visit his website at:
<a href="http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/">www.andyworthington.co.uk</a>
. He can be reached at:
<a href="mailto:andy@andyworthington.co.uk">andy@andyworthington.co.uk</a>
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