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</font><font face="Arial, Helvetica" size=5><b>OpEdNews<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Original Content at
<a href="http://www.opednews.com/articles/Mumia-Abu-Jamal-s-Long-Sho-by-Dave-Lindorff-080707-97.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.opednews.com/articles/Mumia-Abu-Jamal-s-Long-Sho-by-Dave-Lindorff-080707-97.html<br>
</a><hr>
<b>July 7, 2008<br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=4>Mumia Abu-Jamal's Long-Shot Appeal for
Reversal of Last Year's Disastrous Third Circuit Ruling<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2><i>By Dave Lindorff<br><br>
</i>Mumia Abu-Jamal and his attorney Robert R. Bryan yesterday filed a
formal petition seeking a full <i>en banc</i> reconsideration of last
spring’s decision by a three-member panel of the Third Circuit Federal
Court of Appeals rejecting his claim of a constitutional violation in the
selection of jurors at his 1982 murder trial in the shooting death of
Philadelphia police officer Daniel Faulkner.<br><br>
The three-judge panel, in a 2-1 ruling, rejected Abu-Jamal’s claim of a
so-called <i>Batson</i> violationnamely that the city prosecutor trying
his case had denied him a fair trial by improperly barring qualified
African Americans from sitting on his jury. The two judges in the
majority--both appointed to their posts by President Ronald
Reagan--stated that Abu-Jamal had failed to raise the issue at the time
of his trial, and that he had failed to make a <i>prima facie</i> case of
racial discrimination. <br><br>
In their majority opinion rejecting Abu-Jamal’s <i>Batson</i> claim,
Judge Anthony Scirica and Judge Robert Cowan had argued that even though
it was demonstrably true that Assistant DA Joseph McGill had used 10 of
his 15 peremptory challenges to reject two-thirds of the potential black
jurors who had agreed that they could vote for a death penalty in the
case, it could not be seen as a <i>prima facie </i>case of impermissible
racial discrimination, because no one had established the racial make-up
of the total jury pool. In other words, as one of the two judges actually
stated during the hearing, “perhaps the jury pool itself was two-thirds
black.” The majority also ruled that because Abu-Jamal had not formally
raised the objection about the number of racial jury strikes at the time
they occurred, his claim was denied.<br><br>
As attorney Bryan pointed out in his request for a re-examination of the
ruling by the full Third Circuit panel of 12 judges, however, both these
arguments fly in the face of both US Supreme Court and Third Circuit
precedents. Under <i>Batson</i>, a defendant, in order to obtain a full
hearing into the issue of race discrimination in jury selection, need
only demonstrate that one single juror was improperly rejected by the
prosecution on the basis of race. Furthermore, both those courts have
also established that all relevant issues must be taken into
consideration, not just the juror strike (dismissal) rate. Bryan noted,
for example, that the case was racially charged, given that the defendant
was black and the victim was white, and that it was especially charged,
given that the defendant had been a Black Panther and had been associated
with the MOVE organization, while the victim had been a police officer.
Both the Supreme Court and the Third Circuit Court of Appeals have held
that such issues can contribute to making a <i>prima facie</i> case of
discrimination, yet neither was considered by the three-judge panel in
its ruling in this case. Bryan also noted that at the time of the trial,
there was no <i>Batson</i> standard to raise an objection to (the US
Supreme Court’s Batson standard was established in 1986, but was made
retroactive for all cases). Indeed, in 1982, at the time of Abu-Jamal’s
trial, it was technically legal for prosecutors to reject jurors on the
basis of race, so he and his trial attorney would have been making a
pointless objection at trial had they formally complained back
then.<br><br>
All these points, Bryan argues in his petition for a re-consideration of
his client's <i>Batson</i> claim, were also powerfully made in a dissent
by the third appellate judge, Thomas Ambro (a Clinton appointee), who
charged that his two senior colleagues on the bench were making “a newly
created contemporaneous objection rule for habeas petitions,” which he
warned would conflict with all the court's prior decisions.<br><br>
Judge Ambro, Bryan points out, also was dismissive in his dissent of his
two colleagues’ claim that they needed to know the composition of the
jury pool before they could say the prosecutor’s dismissal of two thirds
of the qualified black jurors might constitute improper discrimination in
jury selection. “It is my belief,” he wrote, “that this strike rate
without reference to total <i>venire (</i>jury pool) can stand on its own
for the purpose of raising an inference of discrimination.”<br><br>
In any event, Bryan went on to demonstrate, using the trial transcript
record and some simple math, that in fact the racial composition of the
original jury pool can be established: it was 14 blacks and 31 whites, or
in other words, 31 percent black. Since it has been stipulated by the
district attorney’s office, and accepted as fact by the state courts,
that the prosecutor used his ability to dismiss jurors peremptorily
(without cause) to eliminate 10 black jurors already considered
acceptable by the court, that gives the prosecution a strike rate of
66.67 percent, or more than double the actual percentage of available
black jurors in the pool. Admittedly it would have been better had the
defense been able to make that damning point at the Third Circuit hearing
last year, when the two Republican judges on the bench were demanding it,
properly or not. That said, it is still a point that the full Third
Circuit bench should consider carefully, in examining lst year's bizarre
ruling by the three-judge panel of Scirica, Cowen and Ambro. <br><br>
' The challenge faced by Abu-Jamal in this bid for a reconsideration of
his <i>Batson</i> claim ruling is that the three judges who already
ruled, including Judge Cowen, could be part of any <i>en banc</i>
reconsideration. Judge Marjorie Rendell, one of the 12 active members of
the Third Circuit, has recused herself from the hearing because her
husband, Gov. Ed Rendell, was district attorney and as such was boss of
the prosecutor, Joe McGill, when the case was tried. Another judge,
Clinton appointee Theodore McKee, also recused himself, as did Bush
appointee D. Michael Fisher. Ordinarily, <i>en banc</i> deliberations are
limited to active judges, but Judge Cowen, though retired, might be able
to participate, since he was one of the judges who issued the ruling in
question. If Judge Cowan did not participate in an <i>en banc</i>
session, that would mean four additional judges would have to side with
Judge Ambro, for a reversal and an order for a hearing on Abu-Jamal’s
<i>Batson</i> claim. If Cowan were to join the bench, however, that would
mean a total of 10 judges, and thus a majority of six--or five in
addition to Ambro--would be needed for a reversal.<br><br>
Without Cowan, the odds would be daunting enough. Even if the other two
Clinton appointees to the Third Circuit Court and one remaining Carter
appointee were to side with Ambro, Abu-Jamal would need one Bush
appointee to come over to get five votes for a reversal. With Cowan
voting, five votes would just give a tie, leaving last year’s ruling
standing. For a reversal, a second Bush appointee would have to be swayed
to Abu-Jamal’s side.<br><br>
That is quite a hurdle. Then again, stranger things have happened: One of
the key Third Circuit rulings establishing the precedent that it should
be relatively easy for a death row prisoner to establish <i>prima facie
</i>evidence of race-based jury selection (to which Judge Ambro referred
when he said his colleagues were ignoring the precedents of their own
circuit) and gain a full hearing of the evidence, was written by a recent
member of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, Samuel Alito. Alito,
recall, left the Third Circuit when he was appointed last year to the
Supreme Court by Bush.<br><br>
Technically, what Abu-Jamal is seeking at this point is an order from the
Third Circuit Court of Appeals for a full <i>Batson</i> hearing, at which
all evidence could be presented, and the prosecution questioned, about
the prevailing practice by the district attorney's office in 1982 of
excluding blacks from juries in Philadelphia (academic research shows
that under Rendell's direction, prosecutors struck blacks from
capital-case juries 58 percent of the time, compared to only 22 percent
for whites), the record of prosecutor Joe McGill (who records show struck
black jurors from the capital cases he tried 74 percent of the time, vs.
25 percent of the time for whites), and about what actually happened
during jury selection process at Abu-Jamal's own trial, when two-thirds
of black jurors were struck by the prosecutor.<br><br>
If a judge were to establish after such a hearing that there was a racial
motive behind McGill's actions during jury selection, or during the
removal of one seated black juror early in the trial, or that even one
juror was removed for racial reasons, under <i>Batson</i> rules, it would
result automatically in Abu-Jamal's getting a new trial before a new,
fairly selected jury.<br><br>
The Third Circuit drama over Abu-Jamal’s <i>Batson</i> claim plays out as
evidence continues to mount that his trial was a sham and a travestry.
Among these are new photographs showing: 1) police manipulation of the
evidence at the crime scene, 2) a lack of any bullet holes in the
sidewalk surrounding the spot where officer Faulkner was lying when he
was allegedly shot by Abu-Jamal, and 3) no indication of a taxi cab
parked where cab driver Robert Chobert, a key prosecution “eye-witness,”
claimed he had been located during the shooting incident. Other credible
witnesses are also surfacing with evidence that there was never a shouted
out “confession” in Jefferson Hospital’s emergency room, and that witness
Chobert was actually not a witness to the shooting, but was rather parked
on another street, facing away from the incident.<br><br>
The District Attorney’s office is expected to file a counter petition
opposing an en banc review of last year's Third Circuit ruling.<br><br>
<br><br>
Authors Website:
<a href="http://www.thiscantbehappening.net/" eudora="autourl">
http://www.thiscantbehappening.net<br><br>
</a>Authors Bio: Dave Lindorff, a columnist for Counterpunch, is author
of several recent books ("This Can't Be Happening! Resisting the
Disintegration of American Democracy" and "Killing Time: An
Investigation into the Death Penalty Case of Mumia Abu-Jamal"). His
latest book, coauthored with Barbara Olshanshky, is "The Case for
Impeachment: The Legal Argument for Removing President George W. Bush
from Office (St. Martin's Press, May 2006). His writing is available at
http://www.thiscantbehappening.net <br><br>
<br><br>
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