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<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington02272008.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington02272008.html<br><br>
</a></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b>February 27,
2008<br><br>
</font><h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5><b>Pentagon Boss
Resigns, Ex-Prosecutor Joins Defense<br><br>
<br>
</i></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000">
Guantánamo's Shambolic
Trials</b></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5>By ANDY
WORTHINGTON<br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=6 color="#990000">T</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>his has been another terrible week for
Guantánamo's Military Commissions, established by Dick Cheney and his
close advisors in November 2001 to try, convict and execute those
responsible for 9/11 through a novel process so far removed from the US
court system and the military's own judicial procedures that the tainted
fruit of torture would be allowed, and secret evidence could be withheld
from the accused.<br><br>
Struck down as illegal by the Supreme Court in June 2006, the Commissions
stumbled back to life later that year in the hastily passed and virtually
unscrutinized Military Commissions Act (which, for good measure, stripped
the Guantánamo detainees of the habeas corpus rights granted by the
Supreme Court in 2004), but they have struggled to establish any kind of
credibility.<br><br>
Now apparently shorn of evidence obtained through torture (although
evidence obtained through "coercion" can be allowed at the
discretion of the government-appointed military judges), the Commissions
were supposed to spring back to muscular life two weeks ago, when the
administration finally got around to charging six men in connection with
the 9/11 attacks, including Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who has claimed that
he was "responsible for the 9/11 operation, from A to
Z."<br><br>
However, although the charges finally brought 9/11 back into the
spotlight, the issue of torture -- and the administration's increasingly
desperate attempts to hide the evidence of its own "extreme,
deliberate and unusually cruel" practices -- has clung, limpet-like,
to the stories of these men, and does not look like being resolved any
time soon, especially as the process of finding them military defense
lawyers will, like everything else to do with the Commission's stuttering
five-year history, likely proceed at a glacial pace.<br><br>
In the meantime, the cases that have actually made it before the
Commissions remain mired in controversy. The administration's decision to
choose a child soldier -- the Canadian Omar Khadr -- as its first attempt
at a real conviction (after the Australian David Hicks flew home last
March following a politically-motivated plea bargain) continues to
attract heated opposition. <br><br>
This week, for example, the leaders of bar associations in 34 countries
-- including Australia, France, Finland, Iraq, Ireland, Romania, South
Africa, Turkey and the UK -- sent a letter to George W. Bush and Canadian
Prime Minister Stephen Harper calling for the closure of Guantánamo, and
specifically addressing Omar Khadr's case. "For five years, Omar
Khadr, a 'child' under the terms of the UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child, has languished without trial in Guantánamo," the lawyers
wrote, adding, "There is reason to believe he has been subjected to
treatment that is at best degrading and abusive and at worst amounts to
torture Few governmental operations by democratic countries have shown
such a profound disrespect for the rule of law. Guantánamo Bay has come
to signify injustice for some at the hands of the powerful." The
lawyers urged that Khadr be "transferred to the custody of Canadian
law enforcement officials, so that he can face due process under Canadian
law and the principles of the rule of law," adding, "We do not
deny that some of those detained at Guantánamo may have committed
criminal acts. If so, they should be tried by a properly constituted
court operating under rules that guarantee a fair trial."<br><br>
Developments in the other case before the Commissions -- that of Salim
Hamdan, a Yemeni who was one of Osama bin Laden's drivers -- are even
more distressing for the administration, as a surprising new witness has
offered to step forward in his defense. Col. Morris Davis, the former
chief prosecutor of the Military Commissions, was once a fierce advocate
for the system, arguing, as recently as last June, that those who
criticized Guantánamo and the Commissions failed to understand that, as
he described it, "Reality for Guantánamo Bay is the daily
professionalism of its staff, the humanity of its detention centers and
the fair and transparent nature of the military commissions charged with
trying war criminals."<br><br>
Less than four months later, Col. Davis' opinions had changed
dramatically. In September he "filed a formal complaint,"
alleging that Brig. Gen. Thomas Hartmann, the legal adviser to retired
judge Susan Crawford, the "convening authority" overseeing the
trials, had "overstepped his mandate by interfering directly in
cases." He suggested that both he and Hartmann should resign
"for the good of the process," adding, "If he believes in
military commissions as strongly as I do, then let's do the right thing
and both of us walk away before we do more harm."<br><br>
The roots of Col. Davis' discontent clearly predated his enthusiastic
endorsement of the Commissions in June, and were focused not only on
Brig. Gen. Hartmann, who was appointed to his role in July, but also on
Susan Crawford, who was appointed in February as the Commission's
"convening authority" by defense secretary Robert Gates, and on
Crawford's immediate boss William J. Haynes II, the Pentagon's general
counsel.<br><br>
Col. Davis was reportedly upset because Brig. Gen. Hartmann had been
insisting that Salim Hamdan should be offered a plea bargain similar to
the one that saw David Hicks released, even though prosecutors explained
that it "would be a blow to the government's credibility." One
unnamed prosecutor even went so far as to complain, "Think of our
only other 'success' in this -- David Hicks. How is that a success for
the United States government? How does that justify
Guantánamo?"<br><br>
In addition, Brig. Gen. Hartmann was clearly opposed to what he perceived
as the weakness of the cases that Col. Davis had chosen to pursue: those
which, like Hicks, Hamdan and Omar Khadr, relied "largely on
unclassified evidence," allowing trials to be open to the press to
address criticism that the process was "too secretive," even
though these cases tended to involve "relatively undramatic charges,
such as providing services to a terrorist organization." Hartmann,
in contrast, wanted higher profile cases, which "could attract more
public attention and perhaps also support for the tribunal system, even
though they may involve closed proceedings."<br><br>
In addition, Col. Davis' dissatisfaction with Susan Crawford clearly
predated Brig. Gen. Hartmann's arrival at the Military Commissions. As
was revealed in October, David Hicks' plea bargain was the result of an
arrangement between Dick Cheney and Australian Premier John Howard, who
had ignored Hicks for years, but was now suffering in an election year as
Hicks' plight gained ever more support among potential voters. After
Cheney flew out to arrange the deal, it was Susan Crawford who pushed
through the plea bargain at Guantánamo, working directly with Hicks'
defense lawyers and cutting Col. Davis out of the loop.<br><br>
Col. Davis resigned on October 4, but it was not until December, when he
wrote an op-ed for the <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, that his even more
strenuous objections to the role of William J. Haynes II were revealed.
With two months to refine his anger, Col. Davis refused to pull any
punches. "I was the chief prosecutor for the military commissions at
Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, until Oct. 4, the day I concluded that full, fair
and open trials were not possible under the current system," he
wrote, adding, "I resigned on that day because I felt that the
system had become deeply politicized and that I could no longer do my job
effectively or responsibly."<br><br>
After pointing out that it was "absolutely critical to the
legitimacy of the military commissions that they be conducted in an
atmosphere of honesty and impartiality," Col. Davis explained that
"the political appointee known as the 'convening authority' -- a
title with no counterpart in civilian courts -- was not living up to that
obligation." As he described it, Susan Crawford had overstepped her
administrative role, and "had her staff assessing evidence before
the filing of charges, directing the prosecution's pretrial preparation
of cases (which began while I was on medical leave), drafting charges
against those who were accused and assigning prosecutors to cases."
"Intermingling convening authority and prosecutor roles," he
continued, "perpetuates the perception of a rigged process stacked
against the accused."<br><br>
After also criticizing Susan Crawford and Brig. Gen. Hartmann for their
desire to conduct trials "behind closed doors," because
"Transparency is critical" and "even the most perfect
trial in history will be viewed with skepticism if it is conducted behind
closed doors," Col. Davis directed his ire at William J. Haynes II.
Noting that he resigned "a few hours after" being informed that
he had been placed in a chain of command under Haynes, he mentioned that
"Haynes was a controversial nominee for a lifetime appointment to
the US 4th Circuit Court of Appeals, but his nomination died in January
2007, in part because of his role in authorizing the use of the
aggressive interrogation techniques some call torture," and pointed
out, "I had instructed the prosecutors in September 2005 [shortly
after taking the job] that we would not offer any evidence derived by
waterboarding, one of the aggressive interrogation techniques the
administration has sanctioned."<br><br>
Col. Davis was not the first prominent official to refuse to be
implicated in the use of torture by US forces, of course, but while
Attorney General nominee Michael Mukasey was busy equivocating horribly
on waterboarding, skirting the issue in October, when he told a Senate
Judiciary Committee, "if [waterboarding] amounts to torture, it is
not constitutional," Col. Davis' attack on Haynes placed him,
without a shadow of a doubt, in the anti-torture camp. <br><br>
His focus on Haynes was also unerring. Appointed as the Pentagon's Chief
Counsel in May 2001, Haynes was a protégé of David Addington, Dick
Cheney's closest advisor and, arguably, the chief architect of the
administration's post-9/11 flight from the law, and as Senator Edward
Kennedy explained in a <i>Washington Post</i> op-ed in 2004, he
"developed and defended three of the administration's most
controversial policies: the refusal to treat any of the hundreds of
prisoners at Guantánamo Bay as prisoners of war under the Geneva
Conventions of 1949; the department's military tribunal plan for trying
suspected war criminals; and even the incarceration of US citizens
without counsel or judicial review."<br><br>
Not only involved in the development of the concept of holding prisoners
as "enemy combatants" without charge or trial, and without the
protections of the Geneva Conventions, and of playing a part in the
process that led to holding a US citizen, Jose Padilla, as an "enemy
combatant" on the US mainland, Haynes was also deeply involved in
the approval of "enhanced interrogation techniques" for use at
Guantánamo and beyond in 2002 and 2003. <br><br>
In November 2002, Haynes advised Donald Rumsfeld to approve the use of
techniques that included prolonged solitary confinement, 20-hour
interrogations, and the use of painful stress positions, and liaised
between Rumsfeld and Alberto J. Mora, the head of the Naval Criminal
Investigative Service, in January 2003, when Mora -- a principled
opponent of torture, like Col. Davis -- threatened to expose the
administration's use of the techniques. Bowing to the pressure, Rumsfeld
withdrew his authorization, but once Mora was placated Haynes oversaw a
working group led by lawyer John Yoo and Air Force general counsel Mary
Walker, which effectively reintroduced "enhanced interrogation
techniques" on the sly, creatively bypassing international treaties
banning the use of torture, and invoking the President's
"wartime" authority to act without any oversight
whatsoever.<br><br>
Last week, in the wake of the announcement that six
"high-value" detainees were to be charged in connection with
the 9/11 attacks, Col. Davis resumed his attack on the Commission
process, and on William Haynes in particular. When asked by the
<i>Nation</i> if he thought that the six men could receive a fair trial,
he related a conversation with Haynes that had taken place in August
2005. According to Col. Davis, Haynes "said these trials will be the
Nuremberg of our time " -- a reference to the 1945 trials of Nazi
leaders, "considered the model of procedural rights in the
prosecution of war crimes," as the article described them. Col.
Davis replied that he had noted that there had been some acquittals at
Nuremberg, which had "lent great credibility to the
proceedings." "I said to him that if we come up short and there
are some acquittals in our cases, it will at least validate the
process," Col. Davis remembered. "At which point, his eyes got
wide and he said, 'Wait a minute, we can't have acquittals. If we've been
holding these guys for so long, how can we explain letting them get off?
We can't have acquittals. We've got to have convictions.'"<br><br>
Having thoroughly exposed the preconceived notion of guilt in the
Commissions, which infects the whole of the administration's post-9/11
detention policies (in the tribunals at Guantánamo, for example,
condemned by former insiders for being designed to rubberstamp the
detainees' designation as "enemy combatants" without testing
the "evidence"), Col. Davis' next trick was to declare, the day
after, that he would appear as a defense witness for Salim Hamdan at his
next pre-trial hearing in April. "I expect to be called as a
witness," he explained, adding, "I'm more than happy to
testify," and describing his decision, ominously for the
administration, as "an opportunity to tell the truth."<br><br>
The final blow to the Commissions -- for now, at least -- came yesterday,
when, without even attempting to address Col. Davis' allegations, the
Pentagon abruptly announced that William Haynes was resigning as Chief
Counsel, "to return to private life." A spokeswoman said that
he had discussed leaving the administration "some months ago"
and had "decided to accept an offer to work in the private
sector." <br><br>
If you hear any squeaking, amid the deafening silence from Haynes
himself, I'd suggest that it's the sound of another rat leaving a sinking
ship. <br><br>
<b>Andy Worthington</b>
(<a href="http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/">www.andyworthington.co.uk</a>
) is a British historian, and the author of
'<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745326641/counterpunchmaga">
The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's
Illegal Prison'</a>. He can be reached at:
<a href="mailto:andy@andyworthington.co.uk">andy@andyworthington.co.uk</a>
<br><br>
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