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<h2><b>FBI Witch Hunt Stokes Puerto Rican Independence Movement<br><br>
<br>
</b></h2><h5><b>By Jessica Pupovac, AlterNet<br>
Posted on January 31, 2008, Printed on January 31, 2008<br>
<a href="http://www.alternet.org/story/75196/" eudora="autourl">
http://www.alternet.org/story/75196/</a></b></h5><font size=3>They say
that when Filiberto Ojeda Rios was killed, all of Puerto Rico stood
still.<br><br>
"The financial district shut down," José Lopez, Executive
Director of the Puerto Rican Cultural Center, explained recently in a
small café along Paseo Boricua, the heart of Chicago's vibrant Puerto
Rican neighborhood.<br><br>
His eyes lit up as he went on. "Literally all of the banks and
offices were closed and people were just standing outside, watching the
caravan go by. Usually it is a one hour trip to his tome town of Nagüabo.
That day, it took seven hours. Everywhere there were hundreds of people.
Little kids made their own signs that said, '¡Viva Filiberto!'. It was an
incredible outpouring of love and compassion that really was felt
throughout that whole time period."<br><br>
Filiberto Ojeda Rios was the founder and longtime leader of the Popular
Boricua Army, or Los Macheteros, a militant wing of the Puerto Rican
pro-independence movement. He was shot by FBI agents in his home on
September 23, 2005, at the age of 72, and left to bleed to
death.<br><br>
Although Los Macheteros haven't participated in armed actions for 15
years, the FBI has continued to aggressively pursue their leadership. It
is an effort that has led them to the doors of multiple New Yorkers
affiliated in some way with the Puerto Rican struggle to wrest control of
the island from the U.S. government. Three of those people -- social
worker Christopher Torres, graphic designer Tania Frontera and film maker
Julio Antonio Pabón Jr. -- were recently handed subpoenas by the FBI/NYPD
Anti-Terrorism Task Force, and, after securing a postponement, have been
ordered to testify before a grand jury February 1st at the Eastern
District court in Brooklyn.<br><br>
Torres and Frontera were both supporters of the successful struggle to
force the U.S. Navy off of the island of Vieques, which was used for
decades as a bomb range and weapons testing ground. Pabón's father,
meanwhile, is unsure why his son has been targeted, but he believes it
might have to do with his coordinating a visit by The Welfare Poets, a
radical arts collective and supporters of Puerto Rican independence, to
Wesleyan University, where he attended school years ago.<br><br>
"We're preparing to challenge those subpoenas," Susan
Tipograph, Torres' attorney, told AlterNet. "My concern is that the
grand jury is being used in a way that undermines the First Amendment
rights of people who are engaged in constitutionally protected political
activity."<br><br>
"There certainly is a history of the federal government using grand
jury subpoenas to cast a wide net investigation into political
movements," Tipograph added. "There is a particular history of
that in relationship to the Puerto Rican independence
movement."<br><br>
There is also a long history of resistance to those subpoenas.<br><br>
Puerto Rico, currently a commonwealth, has been under U.S. control since
1898. Although Puerto Ricans are subject to U.S. laws, they have no
representation in Congress and don't have the right to vote in
presidential elections. Though many Puerto Ricans fear changing the
status quo and removing the island nation from U.S. tutelage, they are
currently worse off economically than any state in the Union. The per
capita income in Puerto Rico is $20,058, half that of Mississippi, the
poorest state. Almost half of Puerto Ricans live below the poverty line,
and a third of its population is unemployed. The United Nations Special
Committee on Decolonization has for decades repeatedly condemned Puerto
Rico's status and called on the U.S. to return occupied land, release
political prisoners and allow Puerto Ricans the right of
self-determination and independence. Many Puerto Ricans have called for
the same thing. There is currently a spectrum of organizations and
political parties promoting independence.<br><br>
However, ever since the FBI was officially founded in 1935, it has
regarded any and all opposition to U.S. sovereignty with suspicion.
According to the FBI's own estimates, from 1936 to 1995, agents collected
between 1.5 and 1.8 million pages of intelligence on organizations and
individuals advocating independence.<br><br>
In 2000, per his request, the bureau began handing over selected files to
Rep. José Serrano (D-NY). The Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter
College has been sorting and filing them and publicly releasing select
contents. Among them is a 1961 memo from then-Director J. Edgar Hoover to
the San Juan field office, initiating Cointelpro activities against the
movement and its leaders. The memo orders agents to begin collecting
information on independence leaders' "weaknesses, morals, criminal
records, spouses, children, family life, educational qualifications and
personal activities other than independence activities," so as to
"disrupt their activities and compromise their
effectiveness."<br><br>
A U.S. Senate committee in 1975 found the program "imposed summary
punishment, not only on the allegedly violent, but also on the
non-violent advocates of change."<br><br>
In 1977, the FBI began employing a new tactic of intimidation against
independentistas: the grand jury subpoena. According to Michael Deutsch
of the People's Law Office in Chicago, resistance to the subpoenas was
organized and unwavering. The grand juries were seen by activists, he
wrote, as "an illegal instrument of colonial authority whose powers
of inquisition they must resist." For refusing to comply with more
than 20 grand jury subpoenas, scores of pro-independence activists --
some of whom were summoned more than once -- spent anywhere from four to
18 months in jail -- and some of them were summoned more than
once.<br><br>
Lopez, a "grand jury resister" who spent seven months in jail
for refusing to testify against his compañeros, says the subpoenas had a
"chilling effect." So, too, did the even more drastic sentences
handed to two men who still languish in prison -- Carlos Alberto Torres
and Lopez' brother, Oscar Lopez Rivera. They have spent 26 and 27 years
in prison, respectively, on arcane "seditious conspiracy"
charges, after prosecutors were unable to tag them with anything
else.<br><br>
The criminalization of the Puerto Rican independence movement in the late
1970s forced many prominent leaders underground and, to many, reinforced
the idea that independence could not be achieved through diplomatic
means. Ultimately, repression would foment radical resistance. In 1979,
the Macheteros committed their first armed action, when they attempted to
steal a San Juan police car, and killed Officer Julio Rodriguez Rivera in
the process. A handful of covert attacks, mostly targeting property owned
by the U.S. government, followed.<br><br>
In 1983, Macheteros robbed $7.5 million from a Wells Fargo depot in
Hartford, Connecticut. Filiberto Ojeda Rios was accused of masterminding
the heist and arrested. After being released on bail, Ojeda Rios returned
to his clandestine existence and earned a spot on the FBI's Most Wanted
list.<br><br>
After his assassination in 2005, Rios' martyrdom stoked a new wave of
indignation among Puerto Ricans. Soon thereafter, the Puerto Rico Justice
Department sued U.S. authorities, including FBI Director Robert Mueller
and then-Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, demanding information related
to the operation that led to his death, as well as a series of FBI
searches that followed. The lawsuit was dismissed last summer.<br><br>
Responding to public outcry, however, the U.S. Department of Justice did
publish a 237-page report on the incident, which absolved the FBI from
any criminal liability.<br><br>
Many see the recent subpoenas, which are the first in over two decades,
as an attempt to publicly reclaim the offensive. But, as José Lopez puts
it, "Sometimes, the more you repress people and try to stifle
dissent, you create more consciousness and it has the opposite effect
that the government would want."<br><br>
On January 10th, the day of the first grand jury hearing (and
postponement), approximately 3,000 people demonstrated in various towns
in Puerto Rico in support of the "New York 3." Meanwhile, in
Brooklyn, some 100 people showed up on the courtroom steps, including
numerous prominent City Council members. And, although it was a cold,
rainy day in Chicago, Lopez says, at least 100 people came downtown to
demonstrate. Demonstrations also took place in Hartford, San Francisco,
Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Orlando, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and
Cleveland.<br><br>
Similar actions are being planned throughout Puerto Rico and the mainland
on February 1st.<br><br>
The renewed attention on the Puerto Rican independence movement could
provide a much-needed push for a bill sitting in the House of
Representatives that would begin a true self-determination processes:
H.R. 1230, "The Puerto Rico Self-Determination Act," sponsored
by Rep. Luis Gutierrez (D-IL). The bill would create a Constituent
Assembly within Puerto Rico to educate, dialogue and eventually create a
Puerto Rican-initiated alternative to "commonwealth"
status.<br><br>
Regardless, many in the movement anticipate more repression before change
occurrs. According to a statement released earlier this month by the
Ejercito Popular Boricua, "The true reason for persecution against
the EPB-Macheteros and those who struggle for independence in general is
that we are a force capable of educating and organizing the
people."<br><br>
José Lopez puts it a different way. With local youth streaming in and out
of the café to ask his advice about projects they were organizing,
classes they were teaching and press conferences they were preparing to
hold, he explained, "The idea that you can sell to the world that
you are a democracy, a benign empire, that you struggle for human rights
and self-determination -- the Puerto Rican independence movement is
constantly challenging that." <br><br>
<i>Jessica Pupovac is an adult educator and independent journalist living
in Chicago. <br><br>
</i></font><h5><b>© 2008 Independent Media Institute. All rights
reserved.<br>
View this story online at:
<a href="http://www.alternet.org/story/75196/" eudora="autourl">
http://www.alternet.org/story/75196/<br><br>
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