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<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington01072008.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington01072008.html<br><br>
</a></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b>January 7,
2008<br><br>
</font><h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5><b>Footsoldiers,
Missionaries, Humanitarian Aide Workers<br><br>
<br>
</i></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000">Who
Are the Gitmo
Saudis?</b></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5>By ANDY
WORTHINGTON<br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=6 color="#990000">A</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>s 2007 drew to a close, the tally of
detainees released from Guantánamo throughout the year rose to 122, as
another ten Saudis were repatriated, to add to the 53 sent home between
February and November. <br><br>
With 492 detainees now released -- and 281 remaining -- the
administration's initial claim that the prison housed the "worst of
the worst" grows ever more hollow. It should be noted, however,
that, unlike most of the other detainees freed last year, the Saudis were
not sent home because they had been cleared by the military review boards
convened to assess whether they still posed a threat to the United
States, but because of successful diplomatic negotiations between the US
and Saudi governments. <br><br>
After initial doubts, the Americans seem satisfied that the Saudi
government's rehabilitation program, which involves psychological
counseling, religious reeducation, job training, art therapy and
financial support, is proving successful. <br><br>
Even with this caveat, however, it appears that none of the Saudis just
released was involved with al-Qaeda or the 9/11 attacks. Like many others
released in the last few years, four were Taliban foot soldiers, mostly
recruited through fatwas issued by radical sheikhs in their homeland,
ordering them to aid the Taliban in their inter-Muslim civil war against
the Northern Alliance, which had begun long before 9/11. Four others were
missionaries or humanitarian aid workers, including one, the director of
a blacklisted charity, who had long been regarded by the Americans as a
major player in al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Of the remaining two, the
status of one is still difficult to ascertain, even after six years in US
custody, and the story of the other -- Bandar Ali al-Rumaihi -- is
completely unknown, as his name does not correspond with any of the names
on the Pentagon's lists of detainees.<br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The Taliban foot
soldiers captured in Afghanistan<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Three of the four Taliban foot
soldiers were captured during the surrender of the northern Afghan city
of Kunduz in November 2001, six weeks after the US-led invasion of
Afghanistan began. 21-year old Mishal Saad al-Rashid was typical of
numerous men captured at this time, in his insistence that he went to
Afghanistan, over a year "before any problem happened in
America," to help the Taliban fight General Dostum and Ahmed Shah
Massoud of the Northern Alliance. <br><br>
He was confused that the Northern Alliance had formed a coalition with
the United States, as the only coalition that he knew of was between the
Northern Alliance and Russia. Although this confusion, repeated by
several other detainees, was partly due to the propaganda issued by the
pro-Taliban sheikhs in Saudi Arabia, it also had some basis in fact, at
least in the case of Dostum, who had fought with the Russians during the
Soviet invasion, before switching sides in the early 1990s. <br><br>
In his tribunal at Guantánamo, al-Rashid accepted an allegation that he
was a member of the Taliban, and also acknowledged that he had received
military training in Afghanistan. He was one of several hundred Taliban
fighters who surrendered after the fall of Kunduz, believing that they
would be freed after handing over their weapons, but who discovered,
instead, that they were to be imprisoned in Qala-i-Janghi, a fortress run
by General Dostum. After lax security enabled some of the prisoners to
stage an uprising against their captors, the majority were killed during
a week-long battle with the Northern Alliance, backed up by US and
British Special Forces, and supported by American bombing raids.
<br><br>
Responding to an allegation that he had taken part in the uprising he
exclaimed, "What uprising? We didn't do any uprising. We had given
up our weapons, so how could we be part of an uprising? They [Dostum's
troops] were the ones that had all the weapons. We tried to defend
ourselves but we couldn't because they had the weapons." <br><br>
Also held in Qala-i-Janghi was 22-year old Nayif al-Usaymi, a college
student, who explained that, as with several other detainees, he had been
inspired to travel to Afghanistan to receive military training so that he
could fight in Chechnya. <br><br>
After a facilitator "provided him with instructions on obtaining a
Pakistani visa as well as a specific route to take," he arrived in
Afghanistan in March 2001, where, after meeting two men who told him the
history of the Taliban, he agreed to be
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</a>recruited, and spent eight months on the front lines at Khawaja Ghar,
in northern Afghanistan. Captured after the fall of Kunduz, he was taken
to Qala-i-Janghi, but reported that he managed to escape from the fort.
This was a rare occurrence, as most who tried to do so were shot and
killed, but he was recaptured six weeks later. <br><br>
In Guantánamo, he insisted that he "never saw any fighting because
he was stationed at the rear of the front line," and it was noted
that he was regarded as "being of low intelligence or law
enforcement value to the United States and also as unlikely to pose a
threat to the US or its interests" by a Saudi delegation in
2002.<br><br>
The third foot soldier, 18-year old Khalid al-Ghatani, was recruited
through a notorious pro-Taliban fatwa issued by the octogenarian Sheikh
Hamoud al-Uqla. After traveling to Afghanistan in autumn 2000, he spent
six months at a camp named Pakistani Center No. 5, and then moved to the
front lines at Khawaja Ghar, where he "guarded sleeping
quarters/bunkers for Pakistani troops who fought at the front
lines." He was apparently captured after being shot by a sniper and
spending time in a hospital in Kunduz. <br><br>
After his tribunal, the Presiding Officer noted that he "did not
fire his weapon at any soldiers or persons," and mention was also
made of al-Ghatani's own statement that he did not go to Afghanistan to
fight for the Taliban, but to receive weapons training and to "stand
guard." He was, however, criticized for his behavior in Guantánamo,
where, apparently, he had been "cited for assault, hostile activity
and harassment of guards on numerous occasions," and once for
"making a weapon" -- although how this would have been
possible, in the paranoid, security-obsessed cell blocks of Guantánamo,
was not explained. <br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The Taliban foot
soldier captured in Pakistan<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>In the Summary of Evidence against
the fourth foot soldier, 25-year old Abdul Hakim al-Mousa,<b> </b>it was
alleged that he traveled to Afghanistan for combat training and was
recruited in Saudi Arabia by someone who "introduced him to the safe
house system." According to this account, he subsequently spent time
at safe houses in Quetta, Khost, and Kandahar, and was arrested on
February 7, 2002 with at least a dozen other detainees in a safe house --
or a number of safe houses -- in Karachi, which reportedly belonged to
Abdu Ali Sharqawi.<br><br>
Also known as Riyadh the Facilitator, Sharqawi is a supposedly
"high-value" detainee, described as "part of the al-Qaeda
network responsible for moving Arabs to and from Afghanistan."
Subjected to "extraordinary rendition" after his capture, he
was sent to Jordan, to be "interrogated" by the Americans'
proxy torturers in the Jordanians' notorious General Intelligence
Department prison in Amman, where, he said, he was tortured continuously.
<br><br>
"I was told that if I wanted to leave with permanent disability both
mental and physical, that that could be arranged," he explained in a
statement made in April 2006 that was released last month. "They
said they had all the facilities of Jordan to achieve that. I was told
that I had to talk, I had to tell them everything." In January 2004,
he was rendered back to a secret CIA-run facility in Afghanistan, where
he stayed until September 2004, when he was finally transferred to
Guantánamo.<br><br>
Unlike Sharqawi, the other men captured in the raid were transferred to
Guantánamo after processing in the US prison at Kandahar airport. Several
of these men, including two Kuwaitis, have already been released, and
there is no evidence that most of the others -- including al-Mousa -- had
anything to do with al-Qaeda. <br><br>
In Guantánamo, it was noted that a Saudi delegation had deemed him to be
"of low intelligence or law enforcement value to the United States,
and unlikely to pose a terrorist threat to the US or its interests."
Al-Mousa's own explanation for his presence in Afghanistan was rather
weak -- he said that he traveled "to defend himself against thieves,
defend Saudi Arabia, and learn how to shoot a weapon for the purpose of
hunting" -- although the Americans' allegations were no better.
<br><br>
Desperate to pin something on him, they resorted to guilt by association,
alleging that one of the people he was captured with attended al-Farouq
and "was escorted by a senior al-Qaeda member to a meeting where he
presented money to Osama bin Laden," and that another attended
al-Farouq and "was present at a speech given by Osama bin Laden at
the camp." <br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The
missionaries<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Two of those released maintained
throughout their imprisonment that they were missionaries. 28-year old
taxi driver Jamil al-Kabi explained that, in 2000, he "sold his taxi
and decided to devote more time to the Dawa, or 'the call.'" After
starting his mission in Mecca, by "going out and finding young
Muslims who were not following the word of Islam and trying to get them
to the mosque," he then spent six months in Lahore, the home of
Jamaat-al-Tablighi, the vast, worldwide missionary organization whose
annual meetings in Pakistan and Bangladesh attract millions of followers.
<br><br>
Despite the size of the organization and its avowedly non-political
manifesto, the US authorities have persistently maintained that it was
actually "used as a cover to mask travel and activities of
terrorists, including members of al-Qaeda." In al-Kabi's case, his
subsequent missionary ventures in Indonesia and Malaysia attracted
generic allegations, unrelated to him, that Tablighi "recruits"
from both countries traveled to militant training camps in
Pakistan.<br><br>
Describing the circumstances of his capture, al-Kabi said that, after
traveling to Karachi, where he stayed at the Tablighi mosque for a month,
he met four men and traveled with them to Kabul. He said that he stayed
for four months at the Wazir Akbar Khan mosque and continued the Dawa,
aided of one of his companions, who "helped him translate with
people who did not speak Arabic."<br><br>
When Kabul fell to the Northern Alliance, in November 2001, he said that
"word began to spread" that the Alliance soldiers "were
killing all of the Arabs." He and his companions fled to Jalalabad,
where they stayed for a month before walking through the mountains to the
Pakistani border, where he was captured.<br><br>
The status of the other purported missionary, 21-year old Abdul Rahman
al-Hataybi, had not been satisfactorily explained by the time of his
release, even after nearly six years of interrogation. According to the
allegations against him, after failing his military entrance exam he was
"immediately contacted by a recruiter for al-Qaeda", and was
sent to Afghanistan, with all his expenses paid, to train at al-Farouq, a
camp for Arab recruits, established by the Afghan warlord Abdul Rasul
Sayyaf in the early 1990s, but associated with Osama bin Laden in the
years before 9/11. <br><br>
Although the US administration claimed that he had been "identified
as a member of al-Qaeda by a foreign government service," and
reported that his name had been found on various documents recovered in
raids on suspected al-Qaeda safe houses, al-Hataybi's own story was
consistently at odds with the American version. <br><br>
The authorities acknowledged that he was a member of Jamaat-al-Tablighi,
but largely overlooked his insistence that he had worked only as a
missionary. In a number of comments listed under factors favoring release
or transfer, al-Hataybi said that he "traveled to Pakistan for the
sole purpose of providing missionary work to those individuals in need of
assistance." He claimed "never to have set foot in
Afghanistan," having conducted all his missionary work in Karachi
and Lahore, and also claimed that "a Pakistani police intern
tortured him, and forced him to say that he was part of al-Qaeda and that
he had traveled to Afghanistan for the purpose of jihad." He added
that he "lied because he wanted the torture to stop." <br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The humanitarian
aid workers<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Of the three humanitarian aid
workers, the first, 19-year old Ziyad al-Bahuth, was captured by
Pakistani forces after crossing the border in December 2001. <br>
He explained that he took 90,000 riyals (about $24,000) from Saudi Arabia
to help the poor people in Afghanistan, and said that he gave the money
to a man named Mohammed Khan to distribute via the Taliban, adding that
he stayed for approximately a year to see how the money was distributed.
<br><br>
He admitted attending a Taliban training camp near Kabul for a week, and
also admitted that he spent time in Kabul with a known member of the
Taliban, who, he believed, facilitated his weapons training in order to
encourage him to join the Taliban, but denied that he either joined the
Taliban or had any relationship with al-Qaeda. <br><br>
His tribunal was particularly noteworthy for the following exchange,
which, while possibly demonstrating a healthy scepticism on the part of
the US authorities, could also demonstrate how little they understood
about the charitable obligations of Islam:<br><br>
</font>
<dl>
<dd>Presiding Officer</i>: When you were around 18 years old, you raised
90,000 Riyals ... to take to a country you had never been to before to
give the money to the needy and the poor people. Is that right?<br><br>
<dd>Detainee</i>: Yes.<br><br>
<dd>Presiding Officer</i>: That is remarkable.<br><br>
</dl>The second humanitarian aid worker, 29-year old Abdullah al-Utaybi,
said that he left Saudi Arabia with $30,000 and traveled to Turkey, where
he was looking for a wife. After the US-led invasion of Afghanistan began
in October 2001, he said that he "decided to travel to Pakistan to
offer his assistance and cash to Afghan refugees." He stated that he
flew to Pakistan but was captured at a checkpoint in Quetta, near the
border, where the money was discovered and he was seized and handed over
to US forces. <br><br>
Al-Utaybi maintained that he had never set foot in Afghanistan, even
though several unnamed individuals alleged that he had been the director
of the Herat office of al-Wafa, a Saudi charity, based in Kabul, which
was blacklisted by the US authorities in September 2001 for alleged ties
with terrorism. <br><br>
It has not been possible to establish whether there was any truth in
these allegations, but one man who would certainly have known is Abdullah
al-Matrafi, the director of al-Wafa in Afghanistan, whose inclusion in
the latest batch of released detainees was genuinely surprising.<br><br>
<br>
<font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000">The director of a blacklisted
charity <br><br>
</b></font>A father of three, Abdullah al-Matrafi, who was 38 years old
at the time of his capture, had directed a fund-raising committee in
Bosnia, and had worked as an imam in Mecca before establishing al-Wafa.
At the time of his release, he was presumably aware that most of the
other detainees who had worked for al-Wafa had been freed, as their
claims that they were involved in genuine humanitarian aid work were
accepted one by one. He, however, was regarded as a
"high-value" detainee, against whom was stacked an array of
allegations of his deep involvement with both the Taliban and
al-Qaeda.<br><br>
After the invasion of Afghanistan began, al-Matrafi sent his family to
safety in Pakistan, but stayed on in Kabul, even though the
organization's stores were the targets of bombing raids, in which seven
aid workers were killed. He finally left the capital when he was
seriously injured in a bombing raid, and his family last heard from him
on December 10, 2001, as he was about to board an Emirates flight from
Lahore to Dubai. He never made it onto the plane. Abducted at the airport
by US agents, he was transferred back to Afghanistan and put on the first
flight to Guantánamo. <br><br>
Little was heard about him in Guantánamo, although it was clear that the
authorities regarded him as a major supporter of terrorism, alleging in
his tribunal that he knew Osama bin Laden, that his plan to provide funds
to bin Laden for training caused disagreement within al-Wafa, that he
admitted that al-Wafa purchased weapons and vehicles for the Taliban, and
that he "negotiated a deal that allowed the Taliban to direct
al-Wafa's activities."<br><br>
In his review boards, further allegations were added, including claims
that he "admitted he took orders from Osama bin Laden," that he
"provided financial support to al-Qaeda after the US-led invasion of
Afghanistan in October 2001, and that he purchased medical laboratory
equipment for a microbiologist who was "developing anthrax for
al-Qaeda."<br><br>
Set against these allegations, however, were a number of counter-claims,
which, typically, were ignored when the authorities declared him an
"enemy combatant." On several occasions, al-Matrafi stated that
there was no relationship between al-Wafa and al-Qaeda, "explaining
that al-Qaeda disliked al-Wafa, and both organizations were in
disagreement." It was also noted in the Summary of Evidence for his
second review board that, two months before 9/11, he met with bin Laden
at his house in Kandahar, and stated that the purpose of the meeting was
"to discuss unresolved issues" from a previous meeting,
"concerning disagreements between al-Wafa and al-Qaeda."
<br><br>
A brief survey of al-Matrafi's statements before his capture is
sufficient to explain his refusal to accept that he was affiliated with
terrorists. In October 2001, after al-Wafa was blacklisted, he appeared
on the Arabic news channel al-Jazeera, protesting his innocence and
offering to open up the organization's accounts to public scrutiny.
<br><br>
In addition, two detainees in Guantánamo who had worked for al-Wafa
backed up his statements. Ayman Batarfi, a Yemeni doctor who tended
wounded soldiers during the battle of Tora Bora, pointed out that,
although al-Wafa had a good working relationship with the Taliban, this
was required to pursue its humanitarian work. Both Batarfi and another
man, Mustafa Hamlili, an Algerian-born Pakistani resident who has been
cleared for release, but is still in Guantánamo, reinforced al-Matrafi's
claim that the organization was regarded with suspicion by al-Qaeda
because of its Saudi links. <br><br>
Batarfi may, in fact, be the alleged "al-Qaeda facilitator"
mentioned in the Summary of Evidence from al-Matrafi's first review
board, who identified him as "having problems with Osama bin Laden
because [he] had come to do charity work in Afghanistan and was funded by
the Saudi royal family, who Osama bin Laden rejected and denounced."
This source added, moreover, that al-Matrafi "would take Saudis from
al-Farouq and try to send them back to Saudi Arabia."<br><br>
What was largely overlooked, however, was an even more compelling
statement on al-Matrafi's behalf. In May 2006, an audiotape from Osama
bin Laden, whose authenticity was not called into doubt by US
intelligence, explicitly stated that two detainees in Guantánamo --
al-Matrafi and the al-Jazeera cameraman Sami al-Haj -- had no connection
whatsoever with al-Qaeda. <br><br>
None of this helped him, however, and what probably counted against him
more than anything else was the discovery, in August 2002, of a store of
chemicals in offices used by al-Wafa in Kabul, which included "36
types of chemical, explosives, fuses and terrorist guide books."
Whether this had anything to do with him is unknown. His brother,
Mohammed, reiterated that the organization had no links to al-Qaeda.
"My brother and I have repeatedly said we have no terrorist links,
and that any organization, official or non-governmental, is free to come
and investigate our headquarters," he told the press, adding,
"We are only helping the Muslim people of
Afghanistan."<br><br>
Time alone will tell what the Saudi government makes of Abdullah
al-Matrafi on his return, but, like the allegations against his workers
that disappeared under scrutiny like a malevolent mirage, it may well be
that those who vouched for him were correct in their appraisal that he
was the head of a charity that was required to work with the Taliban, but
that was otherwise committed to bringing humanitarian aid to some of the
most deprived people on earth.<br><br>
Andy Worthington</b>
(<a href="http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/">www.andyworthington.co.uk</a>
) is a British historian, and the author of
'<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745326641/counterpunchmaga">
The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's
Illegal Prison'</a> (to be published by Pluto Press in October
2007).<br>
He can be reached at:
<a href="mailto:andy@andyworthington.co.uk">andy@andyworthington.co.uk</a>
<br><br>
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