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<a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington11142007.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/worthington11142007.html<br><br>
</a></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b>November 14,
2007<br><br>
</font><h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5><b>The Stories of
the 14 Saudis Just Released from Guantánamo<br><br>
<br>
</i></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000">
Innocents and Foot
Soldiers</b></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5>By
ANDY WORTHINGTON<br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=6 color="#990000">W</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>hether through a desire to impress the
Supreme Court with its sense of justice prior to next month's showdown
over the detainees' rights, or, as is more probable, through a placatory
deal with the Saudi government following the death of a third Saudi
detainee in Guantánamo in May this year, the US administration released
another 14 Saudi detainees on Saturday. Whichever way you look at it,
however, the administration loses. Of the 136 Saudi detainees originally
held as the "worst of the worst," 107 have now been released
(45 in the last four months alone). Removing from these figures the three
men who died, this means that just 26 Saudi detainees remain in
Guantánamo.<br><br>
Drawing on the research I conducted for my book
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745326641/counterpunchmaga">
The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's
Illegal Prison</a> -- and additional information released by the Pentagon
just two months ago -- I can reveal exclusively that the stories of these
men do nothing to bolster the administration's claims, first voiced
nearly six years ago, that those detained in the "War on
Terror" were so uniquely dangerous that it was worth breaking
domestic and international law, shredding the Constitution, abandoning
the Geneva Conventions and introducing torture as official US policy to
hold them without charge or trial -- potentially forever -- in conditions
that are worse than those endured by the most hardened convicted
criminals on the US mainland.<br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The
missionaries<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Of the 14 men, seven -- five
humanitarian aid workers and two missionaries -- had no connection
whatsoever with any kind of militancy. I found the story of the first of
the missionaries, 24-year old Khalid al-Bawardi, utterly convincing while
conducting my research. After pompously lecturing his tribunal about the
finer details of Sunni Islamic practice, he explained that he had
traveled around Pakistan and Afghanistan hectoring his fellow Muslims for
their failings (mainly to do with raised graves and good luck charms) and
also providing food and clothing, and had been handed over to US forces
by opportunistic border guards, after crossing into Pakistan after the
US-led invasion began.<br><br>
The second, 26-year old Sultan al-Uwaydah, did not take part in any of
the tribunals or review boards in which, though deprived of legal
representation and subject to secret evidence obtained through torture,
coercion or bribery, the detainees were at least allowed to present their
stories. Looking at the "evidence" presented by the
administration, however, his explanation for being in Afghanistan -- that
he traveled to "teach the Koran to poor and disadvantaged
Muslims," and that he duly taught the Koran to children in various
locations, before hooking up with his uncle in Khost and escaping to
Pakistan, where he was arrested -- was severely at odds with the
authorities' version. <br><br>
This other scenario included an allegation that he was "arrested
after crossing into Pakistan from Afghanistan with 30 other persons
suspected of being Osama bin Laden bodyguards," and other
allegations, from an unidentified "source," from "an
al-Qaeda operative," and from "a senior al-Qaeda
operative," that purported to reinforce this notion that he was one
of 30 bodyguards for bin Laden. One of these "sources," for
example, stated that "he knew the detainee and that he was probably
an Osama bin Laden bodyguard because the detainee was always with Osama
bin Laden." Noticeably, however, it has been established that the
bodyguard story was concocted by a fellow detainee, Mohammed al-Qahtani,
the alleged "20th hijacker" on 9/11, during the four months
that he was tortured in Guantánamo in late 2002, and it's difficult,
therefore, to lend much credence to all the other unsubstantiated
allegations.<br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The humanitarian
aid workers<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Of the five humanitarian aid
workers, the most complete story was told by 28-year old Mohammed
al-Harbi, whose release was clearly long overdue. A successful grocer in
Saudi Arabia, al-Harbi batted away an allegation that he was a mujahideen
fighter in Kandahar, insisting that he had never been to Afghanistan, and
explaining that he traveled to Pakistan in November 2001 to deliver
nearly $12,000 to those in need of humanitarian aid. Adding that he was
only planning to stay for a few weeks at most, because his wife was
pregnant at the time, he proceeded to explain that "The Pakistani
police sold me for money to the Americans," even though "I had
a return ticket home and it was clear I wasn't planning to stay or ever
cross into Afghanistan." He added that, although the Saudi
authorities intervened to help him while he was in custody in Pakistan,
the ISI (the Pakistani intelligence services) deliberately hid his
passport, presumably to protect the reward money they were receiving from
the Americans, who were paying an average of $5,000 a head for al-Qaeda
and Taliban suspects.<br><br>
The story of the second aid worker, 28-year old Sa'id al-Shihri, was
unknown until the Pentagon released its new batch of documents in
September. According to the government's own "evidence,"
al-Shihri decided to do charity work in Pakistan after hearing a speech
by a sheikh in his local mosque. Twelve days after 9/11, he flew to
Pakistan, and then "traveled with an Afghan driver, another Saudi
man who worked with the Red Crescent, and a member from the Saudi embassy
in Pakistan," in a vehicle taking supplies to a refugee camp near
the Afghan border between Spin Boldak and Quetta. Presumably wounded in a
bombing raid (though this was not stated), he was taken to a Red Crescent
hospital in Quetta, where he and four others stayed for a month and a
half, "awaiting a plane to come and take them back to Saudi Arabia.
However, when they were moved from the hospital they were put on a plane
and taken to Kandahar," to the US prison at the airport, where
al-Shihri stayed for ten days before being flown to Guantánamo. To
counter this detailed and non-military explanation for al-Shihri's
presence on the Afghan border, the authorities managed to come up with
nothing more than a few wildly tangential allegations: that he
"trained in urban warfare at the Libyan Camp north of Kabul,"
and, even more improbably, that, according to "an individual,"
he "instigated him and another person to assassinate a writer,"
based on a fatwa issued by a radical sheikh.<br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>Al-Wafa: terrorist
entity or legitimate charity?<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>The other three aid workers were,
to varying degrees, involved with the Saudi charity al-Wafa, whose
headquarters were in Kabul. Blacklisted two weeks after 9/11 and regarded
as a front for al-Qaeda, dozens of detainees were tarred as terrorists
because of their association with the charity, even though humanitarian
aid was clearly the main focus of the organization. <br><br>
27-year old Zaid al-Husain al-Ghamdi, whose family did not even know he
was in Guantánamo until earlier this year, because the US authorities had
described him as a Jordanian, traveled to Afghanistan in July 2001, and
was declared an "enemy combatant" after his tribunal in October
2004 on the basis of three particularly thin allegations: that he was a
member of al-Wafa, that he "carried a weapon in Afghanistan,"
and that he was "present and wounded during military operations at
Khost" in December 2001. These allegations were augmented in the
years that followed, but nothing about these additional claims suggests
that they were reliable. The authorities alleged that he "was
identified" as the "occasional leader" of a group of
fighters in the northern city of Taloqan, but ignored another narrative
that could be pieced together from other statements: that al-Ghamdi
reported that he left home "to provide help for the refugees in
Afghanistan," that he worked for al-Wafa as a laborer in Kabul, and
that he traveled to Taloqan because, after approaching Taliban
representatives in Kabul to find out "places needing assistance with
orphans," he had been told that Taloqan was a suitable area. The
additional information compiled by the authorities also provided an
explanation of the circumstances of his capture, which contradicted the
claim that he was "wounded during military operations." After
fleeing to Khost, al-Ghamdi said that he "stopped in the first
Taliban center he came to," which was subsequently bombed. Injured
and "rendered unconscious," he awoke in a hospital in Miram
Shah, in Pakistan, where he was arrested and transferred to US
custody.<br><br>
The stories of the other two were unknown until this September, because
they did not take part in any tribunals or review boards, and the
Pentagon had not released any of the "evidence" against them.
Al-Wafa litters the story of 23-year old Jabir al-Qahtani, but none of
the allegations come close to any evidence of militant activity. By the
time of his last administrative review, in April 2006, all the
authorities had managed to come up with were allegations that he traveled
to Lahore in March 2001, "with his travel partly financed by the
head of al-Wafa," that he worked in a warehouse in Lahore for six
months, and that he then moved to a warehouse in Kabul. Captured by the
Northern Alliance in November 2001, he was held for four months before
being turned over to US forces. With only one dubious allegation of
militancy -- that he "was identified as a fighter who preferred to
spend most of his time lounging around [various] guest houses" --
the authorities resorted to alleging that he "depicts (sic) many
counter-interrogation techniques attributed to al-Qaeda training and
consistent with al-Qaeda members," and that, in Guantánamo, he
"was identified as the leader of a cell block, and has issued a
fatwa on the United States."<br><br>
A more shocking set of allegations was leveled against 35-year old
Abdullah al-Wafi al-Harbi. He told his interrogators that he traveled to
Afghanistan via Iran, approximately three weeks after 9/11, and that,
when he reached the border and told the guards that "he had come to
Afghanistan to assist in humanitarian efforts," they "informed
him about a group called al-Wafa and advised him to join the group if he
wished to help the poor." After two weeks in Kabul -- in other
words, when the US-led invasion of Afghanistan began -- he said that
"he was told by the Afghanis that they had to leave because there
was a problem with Arabs," and explained that representatives of
al-Wafa provided him "with directions on how to leave
Afghanistan." He then traveled by taxi, with three other men, to
Khost, where they stayed for a month before crossing into Pakistan, where
he was arrested. <br><br>
Ranged against this account was a bewildering array of unsubstantiated
allegations: that he "was identified as an experienced fighter who
allegedly fought against the Russians in Afghanistan and Bosnia
(sic)," and that a "source" -- or various sources --
claimed that he "was in Bosnia with a known al-Qaeda
operative," that he attended the Khaldan training camp in
Afghanistan, that he was "well known by clerics and imams in Saudi
Arabia as a recruiter and fundraiser for jihad," and that he, along
with others from Mecca, who were known as "the Mecca Group,"
"ate with Osama bin Laden while at Tora Bora." Another
unidentified "individual" made the astonishing claim that
al-Harbi told him that several of the 9/11 hijackers "stayed at his
house during Haj, possibly in 1999." It was also stated that a
"source" said that al-Harbi "told him he had lied to
interrogators" in Kandahar, claiming to work for al-Wafa
"rather than admitting to fighting in the jihad," even though
this was directly contradicted by the next allegation from another
"source," who stated that he was "ranked high in
al-Wafa."<br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>The Taliban foot
soldiers<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>Of the seven men who fought with
the Taliban, three of the stories appear fairly straightforward, although
two of the men -- 26-year old Turki al-Asiri and 19-year old Nayif
al-Nukhaylan -- did not take part in any tribunals or review boards.
Al-Asiri was accused of answering a fatwa urging support for the Taliban,
of training at al-Farouq (the main camp for Arabs, associated with Osama
bin Laden), and of fleeing, via Tora Bora, from Jalalabad to Pakistan,
where he was arrested. Al-Nukhaylan, who was also accused of attending
al-Farouq, apparently received additional training at a Moroccan camp in
Jalalabad, where he was wounded in a US air strike and spent some time in
a coma in an Afghan hospital. The third man, 25-year old Fahd al-Sharif,
who had been a policeman in Mecca, apparently remained seduced by the
jihadist fantasies that had been used to recruit him. He told his review
board that he traveled to Afghanistan in 2000 "for the purpose of
jihad with the Taliban government" and that he hoped to become a
martyr, but added that he went only to fight the Northern Alliance,
"to help thousands of millions of Afghan Muslims to return their
hopes, their countries and their lives." <br><br>
The stories of two other willing recruits are notable only because of the
additional allegations that mounted up against them. 29-year old Hani
al-Khalif, who had served as a soldier in the Saudi army during the Gulf
War, explained that he "had been taught the doctrine of jihad in the
mosque he attended," and "specifically that it was a Muslim's
duty to wage jihad against anyone who killed Muslims." He added that
he wanted to fight in Chechnya, which was "a greater jihad,"
because "the fight was not against other Muslims as in
Afghanistan," but was unable to arrange travel to Chechnya, and
settled on Afghanistan instead, where he trained at al-Farouq, and then
fought on the front lines against the Northern Alliance until he was
ordered to surrender to General Dostum, one of the Alliance leaders.
Despite the coherence of this narrative arc, however, it was also alleged
that "a senior al-Qaeda operative" identified him as the leader
of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group in Karachi, Pakistan.<br><br>
The story of 29-year old Faha Sultan (described on his release as Fahd
al-Osaimi al-Otaibi) was unknown until just two months ago. After
responding to a fatwa, he traveled to Afghanistan in January 2001, and
was identified by two detainees as having worked in a distribution
center. Less reliable was an allegation that he was "identified as a
friend of a senior al-Qaeda leader and had a good relationship with
another individual who was a close associate of the senior al-Qaeda
leader," because, although the US authorities claimed that he had
"acted as if in a catatonic state during interviews," on one
occasion being overheard "telling another detainee that he had
fooled the interrogator into thinking that he was 'messed up,'" it
was also stated that, as long ago as July 2002, "a foreign
delegation" -- presumably Saudi intelligence -- identified him as
being "of low law enforcement and low intelligence
value."<br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=2 color="#990000"><b>Hunger strikes in
Guantánamo<br><br>
</b></font><font face="Verdana" size=2>The stories of the last two
Taliban recruits are particularly depressing, not because of their
military recruitment, which followed a well-established pattern, but
because of what happened to them in Guantánamo. Yousef al-Shehri was just
16 years old when he was captured by Northern Alliance soldiers, in a
group of around 120 fighters, after the surrender of the northern Afghan
city of Kunduz in November 2001. Although dozens of juveniles have been
held at Guantánamo, the US administration (as one of only two nations
that has refused to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child)
has, with only a few exceptions, pointedly refused to recognize that all
juveniles -- even "child soldiers" -- should be treated
differently from adults, and al-Shehri was not one of the exceptions.
Held throughout his detention as an adult, and treated as a dangerous
terrorist rather than a child, his suffering became particularly
pronounced when he took part in a prison-wide hunger strike, which
involved at least 200 detainees, in the summer of 2005. In July 2005, and
again in January 2006, his weight, which had been 141 pounds when he
arrived at Guantánamo in February 2002, dropped to just 97 pounds, and
his lawyers, who visited him in October 2005, said that he was
"emaciated and had lost a disturbing amount of weight," adding
that he was "visibly weak and frail" and "had difficulty
speaking because of lesions in his throat that were a result of the
involuntary force-feeding" to which he had been subjected.<br><br>
Murtadha Makram, who was 25 years old when he was captured, was an even
more committed long-term hunger striker. A Taliban recruit who spent 16
months in Afghanistan, "was identified as having fought at Tora
Bora," and was seized after crossing into Pakistan, Makram was
force-fed at least once a week from October 2005 onwards, and daily from
December 17, 2005 to January 27, 2006, when his weight, which had been
142 pounds when he arrived in Guantánamo, fell at one point to just 87
pounds. After resuming his hunger strike later in the year, he was then
force-fed on a daily basis from November 16, 2006 until the records ended
on December 10. In March 2007, when detailed notes about the ongoing
hunger strikes -- compiled by the imprisoned al-Jazeera cameraman Sami
al-Haj -- were declassified, al-Haj explained that Makram "has tried
to kill himself many times. He last tried to do this on May 18, 2006. Now
he is on a hunger strike to try to kill himself. He has been without food
for three months and is being force-fed." Though no one in the
administration has admitted it, it's plausible that Makram was released
in this latest batch of detainees because of fears that his desire to
kill himself was close to becoming another PR-damaging reality.<br><br>
In conclusion, though many readers may have no sympathy for the suffering
of Taliban recruits (whether on hunger strike or not), the unpalatable
truth is that force-feeding competent prisoners against their will is
widely considered illegal, and is only being undertaken because otherwise
Guantánamo would be filled with emaciated corpses. The reason for these
men's despair (which is such that many have sought to end their lives,
even though Islam prohibits suicide) is, quite simply, the intolerable
burden of indefinite detention without charge or trial, which is unique
to Guantánamo and the administration's secret prisons. <br><br>
In the cases of the innocent men described above, this is clearly a moral
outrage and a colossal miscarriage of justice, but even in the cases of
the Taliban foot soldiers, who, lest we forget, traveled to Afghanistan
before 9/11 to take part in an inter-Muslim civil war, it has yet to be
demonstrated that the administration's flight from domestic and
international law has been justified. After depriving these men of the
protections of the Geneva Conventions, refusing to allow them to
challenge the basis of their detention and interrogating them for nearly
six years, the administration's decision to release them, though clearly
affected by diplomacy, also suggests that, in the end, their knowledge of
al-Qaeda and 9/11 was, effectively, non-existent.<br><br>
<b>Andy Worthington</b> is a British historian, and the author of
'<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745326641/counterpunchmaga">
The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's
Illegal Prison'</a> (to be published by Pluto Press in October 2007).
Visit his website at:
<a href="http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/">www.andyworthington.co.uk</a>
<br><br>
He can be reached at:
<a href="mailto:andy@andyworthington.co.uk">andy@andyworthington.co.uk<br>
<br>
<br><br>
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