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<font size=3><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/<br><br>
</a></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b>July 3,
2007<br><br>
</font><h1><font size=5><b>Injustice in Jena<br><br>
<br>
</i></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000">
Black Nooses Hanging from the "White"
Tree</b></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5>By BILL
QUIGLEY<br><br>
</font><font face="Verdana" size=6 color="#990000">I</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>n a small still mostly segregated section of
rural Louisiana, an all white jury heard a series of white witnesses
called by a white prosecutor testify in a courtroom overseen by a white
judge in a trial of a fight at the local high school where a white
student who had been making racial taunts was hit by black students. The
fight was the culmination of a series of racial incidents starting when
whites responded to black students sitting under the "white
tree" at their school by hanging three nooses from the tree. The
white jury and white prosecutor and all white supporters of the white
victim were all on one side of the courtroom. The black defendant, 17
year old Mychal Bell, and his supporters were on the other. The jury
quickly convicted Mychal Bell of two felonies - aggravated battery and
conspiracy to commit aggravated battery. Bell, who was a 16 year old
sophomore football star at the time he was arrested, faces up to 22 years
in prison. Five other black youths<br>
await similar trials on attempted second degree murder and conspiracy
charges.<br><br>
Yes, you read that correctly. The rest of the story, which is being
reported across the world in papers in China, France and England, is just
as chilling. <br>
The trouble started under "the white tree" in front of Jena
High School. The "white tree" is where the white students, 80%
of the student body, would always sit during school breaks.<br><br>
In September 2006, a black student at Jena high school asked permission
from school administrators to sit under the "white tree."
School officials advised them to sit wherever they wanted. They
did.<br><br>
The next day, three nooses, in the school colors, were hanging from the
"white tree." The message was clear. "Those nooses meant
the KKK, they meant 'Niggers, we're going to kill you, we're going to
hang you till you die,'" Casteptla Bailey, mom of one of the
students, told the London Observer.<br><br>
The Jena high school principal found that three white students were
responsible and recommended expulsion. The white superintendent of
schools over-ruled the principal and gave the students a three day
suspension saying that the nooses were just a youthful stunt.
"Adolescents play pranks," the superintendent told the Chicago
Tribune, "I don't think it was a threat against
anybody."<br><br>
The African-American community was hurt and upset. "Hanging those
nooses was a hate crime, plain and simple," according to Tracy
Bowens, mother of students at Jena High.<br><br>
But blacks in this area of Louisiana have little political power. The ten
person all-male government of the parish has one African-American member.
The nine member all-male school board has one African American member. (A
phone caller to the local school board trying to find out the racial
makeup of the school board was told there was one "colored"
member of the board). There is one black police officer in Jena and two
black public school teachers.<br><br>
Jena, with a population of less than 3000, is the largest town in and
parish (county) seat of LaSalle Parish, Louisiana. There are about 350
African Americans in the town. LaSalle has a population of just over
14,000 people - 12% African-American.<br><br>
This is solid Bush and David Duke Country - GWB won LaSalle Parish 4 to 1
in the last two elections; Duke carried a majority of the white vote when
he ran for Governor of Louisiana. Families earn about 60% of the national
average. The Census Bureau reports that less than 10% of the businesses
in LaSalle Parish are black owned.<br><br>
Jena is the site of the infamous Juvenile Correctional Center for Youth
that was forced to close its doors in 2000, only two years after opening,
due to widespread brutality and racism including the choking of juveniles
by guards after the youth met with a lawyer. The U.S. Department of
Justice sued the private prison amid complaints that guards paid inmates
to fight each other and laughed when teens tried to commit
suicide.<br><br>
Black students decided to resist and organized a sit-in under the
"white tree" at the school to protest the light suspensions
given to the noose-hanging white students.<br><br>
The white District Attorney then came to Jena High with law enforcement
officers to address a school assembly. According to testimony in a later
motion in court, the DA reportedly threatened the black protesting
students saying that if they didn't stop making a fuss about this
"innocent prank I can be your best friend or your worst enemy. I can
take away your lives with a stroke of my pen." The school was put on
lockdown for the rest of the week.<br><br>
Racial tensions remained high throughout the fall.<br><br>
On the night of Thursday November 30, 2006, a still unsolved fire burned
down the main academic building of Jena High School.<br><br>
On Friday night, December 1, a black student who showed up at a white
party was beaten by whites. On Saturday, December 2, a young white man
pulled out a shotgun in a confrontation with young black men at the Gotta
Go convenience store outside Jena before the men wrestled it away from
him. The black men who took the shotgun away were later arrested, no
charges were filed against the white man.<br><br>
On Monday, December 4, at Jena High, a white student--who allegedly had
been making racial taunts, including calling African American students
"niggers" while supporting the students who hung the nooses and
who beat up the black student at the off-campus party--was knocked down,
punched and kicked by black students. The white victim was taken to the
hospital treated and released. He attended a social function that
evening.<br><br>
Six black Jena students were arrested and charged with attempted second
degree murder. All six were expelled from school.<br><br>
The six charged were: 17-year-old Robert Bailey Junior whose bail was set
at $138,000; 17-year-old Theo Shaw - bail $130,000; 18-year-old Carwin
Jones--bail $100,000; 17-year-old Bryant Purvis--bail $70,000; 16 year
old Mychal Bell, a sophomore in high school who was charged as an adult
and for whom bail was set at $90,000; and a still unidentified
minor.<br><br>
Many of the young men, who came to be known as the Jena 6, stayed in jail
for months. Few families could afford bond or private attorneys.<br><br>
Mychal Bell remained in jail from December 2006 until his trial because
his family was unable to post the $90,000 bond. Theo Shaw has also
remained in jail. Several of the other defendants remained in jail for
months until their families could raise sufficient money to put up
bonds.<br><br>
The Chicago Tribune wrote a powerful story headlined "Racial Demons
Rear Heads." The London Observer wrote: "Jena is gaining
national notoriety as an example of the new 'stealth' racism, showing how
lightly sleep the demons of racial prejudice in America's Deep South,
even in the year that a black man, Barak Obama, is a serious candidate
for the White House." The British Broadcasting Company aired a TV
special report "Race Hate in Louisiana 2007."<br><br>
The Jena 6 and their families were put under substantial pressure to
plead guilty. Mychal Bell was reported to have been leaning towards
pleading guilty right up until his trial when he decided he would not
plead guilty to a felony.<br><br>
When it finally came, the trial of Mychal Bell was swift. Bell was
represented by an appointed public defender.<br><br>
On the morning of the trial, the DA reduced the charges from attempted
second degree murder to second degree aggravated battery and conspiracy.
Aggravated battery in Louisiana law demands the attack be with a
dangerous weapon. The dangerous weapon? The prosecutor was allowed to
argue to the jury that the tennis shoes worn by Bell could be considered
a dangerous weapon used by "the gang of black boys" who beat
the white victim.<br><br>
Most shocking of all, when the pool of potential jurors was summoned,
fifty people appeared--every single one white.<br><br>
The LaSalle Parish clerk defended the all white group to the Alexandria
Louisiana Town Talk newspaper saying that the jury pool was selected by
computer. "The venire [panel of prospective jurors] is color blind.
The idea is for the list to truly reflect the racial makeup of the
community, but the system does not take race into factor." Officials
said they had summoned 150 people, but these were the only people who
showed up.<br><br>
The all-white jury which was finally chosen included two people friendly
with the District Attorney, a relative of one of the witnesses and
several others who were friends of prosecution witnesses.<br><br>
Bell's parents, Melissa Bell and Marcus Jones, were not even allowed to
attend the trial despite their objections, because they were listed as
potential witnesses. The white victim, though a witness, was allowed to
stay in the courtroom. The parents, who had been widely quoted in the
media as critics of the process, were also told they could no longer
speak to the media as long as the trial was in session. Marcus Jones had
told the media "It's all about those nooses" and declared the
charges racially motivated.<br><br>
Other supporters who planned a demonstration in support of Bell were
ordered by the court not to do so near the courthouse or anywhere the
judge would see them.<br><br>
The prosecutor called 17 witnesses - eleven white students, three white
teachers, and two white nurses. Some said they saw Bell kick the victim,
others said they did not see him do anything. The white victim testified
that he did not know if Bell hit him or not.<br><br>
The Chicago Tribune reported the public defender did not challenge the
all-white jury pool, put on no evidence and called no witnesses. The
public defender told the Alexandria Town talk after resting his case
without calling any witnesses that he knew he would be second-guessed by
many but was confident that the jury would return a verdict of not
guilty. "I don't believe race is an issue in this trialI think I
have a fair and impartial jury"<br><br>
The jury deliberated for less than three hours and found Mychal Bell
guilty on the maximum possible charges of aggravated second degree
battery and conspiracy. He faces up to a maximum of 22 years in
prison.<br><br>
The public defender told the press afterwards, "I feel I put on the
best defense that I could." Responding to criticism of not putting
on any witnesses, the attorney said "why open the door for further
accusations? I did the best I could for my client, Mychal
Bell."<br><br>
At a rally in front of the courthouse the next day, Alan Bean, a Texas
minister and leader of the Friends of Justice, said "I have seen a
lot of trials in my time. And I have never seen a more distressing
miscarriage of justice than what happened in LaSalle Parish
yesterday." Khadijah Rashad of Lafayette Louisiana described the
trial as a "modern day lynching."<br><br>
Tory Pegram with the Louisiana ACLU has been working with the parents for
months. "People know if they don't demand equal treatment now, they
will never get it. People's jobs and livelihoods have been threatened for
attending Jena 6 Defense meetings, but people are willing to risk that.
One person told me: 'We have to convince more people to come rally with
us.....What's the worst that could happen? They fire us from our jobs? We
have the worst jobs in the town anyway. They burn a cross on our lawns or
burn down my house? All of that has happened to us before. We have to
keep speaking out to make sure it doesn't happen to us again, or our
children will never be safe.'"<br><br>
Whites in the community were adamant that there is no racism. "We
don't have a problem," according to one. Other locals told the media
"We all get along," and "most blacks are happy with the
way things are." One person even said "We don't have many
problems with our blacks."<br><br>
Melvin Worthington, the lone African American school board member in
LaSalle Parish said it all could have been avoided. "There's no
doubt about it," he told the Chicago Tribune, "whites and
blacks are treated differently here. The white kids should have gotten
more punishment for hanging those nooses. If they had, all the stuff that
followed could have been avoided."<br><br>
Hebert McCoy, a relative of one of the youths who has been trying to
raise money for bail and lawyers, challenged people everywhere at the end
of the rally when he said "You better get out of your houses. You
better come out and defend your childrenbecause they are incarcerating
them by the thousands. Jena's not the beginning, but Jena has crossed the
line. Justice is not right when you put on the wrong charges and then
convict. I believe in justice. I believe in the point of law. I believe
in accepting the punishment if I'm guilty. If I'm guilty, convict me and
punishment, but if I'm innocent, no justice" and the crowd joined
with him and shouted "no peace!"<br><br>
What happened to the white guys? The white victim of the beating was
later arrested for bringing a hunting rifle loaded with 13 bullets onto
the high school campus and released on $5000 bond. The white man who beat
up the black youth at the off-campus party was arrested and charged with
simple battery. The white students who hung up the nooses in the
"white tree" were never charged.<br><br>
The people in Jena are fighting for justice and they need legal and
financial help. Since the arrests, a group of family members have been
holding well-attended meetings, and have created a defense fund--the Jena
6 Defense Committee. They have received support from the NAACP, the
Louisiana ACLU and Friends of Justice.<br><br>
People interested in supporting can contact: the Jena 6 Defense
Committee, PO Box 2798, Jena, LA 71342 jena6defense@gmail.com; Friends of
Justice, 507 North Donley Avenue, Tulia, TX 79088
<a href="http://www.fojtulia.org/" eudora="autourl">www.fojtulia.org</a>;
or the ACLU of Louisiana, PO Box 56157, New Orleans, LA 70156
<a href="http://www.laaclu.org/" eudora="autourl">www.laaclu.org</a> or
417.350.0536.<br><br>
What is next? The rest of the Jena 6 await similar trials. Theodore Shaw
is due to go on trial shortly. Mychal Bell is scheduled to be sentenced
July 31. If he gets the maximum sentence he will not be out of prison
until he is nearly 40. Meanwhile, the "white tree" outside Jena
High sits quietly in the hot sun.<br><br>
<b>Bill Quigley</b> is a human rights lawyer and law professor at Loyola
University New Orleans. You can reach him at
<a href="mailto:Quigley@loyno.edu">Quigley@loyno.edu</a><br><br>
<b>Audrey Stewart</b> contributed to this article.<br><br>
<br><br>
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