<html>
<body>
<font face="Bookman Old Style, Bookman" size=4 color="#FF0000">Both these
articles are from the mainstream media!<br><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Bookman Old Style, Bookman" size=4>Mohnhaupt and
Battisti: Europe's leftist killers<br><br>
Former German terrorist leader Brigitte Mohnhaupt is released from prison
a week after Italian militant Cesare Battisti's arrest. Europe's extreme
left is back to haunt us <br><br>
Ringleader: Mohnhaupt has walked free (Photo: Gary Philpot/ Flickr)
<br><br>
In the seventies, several extreme left-wing revolutionary groups were
formed in various European states - the Red Brigades (Brigatte Rosse, BR)
in Italy and Action Directe (AD) in France, which was allied with
Germany's 'Red Army Faction' (Rote Armee Fraktion, RAF). On their agenda:
armed attacks, assassinations, and other acts of terrorism designed to
overthrow regimes perceived to be ‘oppressive’. The bloodshed of numerous
attacks, committed both by the extreme left and the extreme right, has
stained this period in history. <br><br>
German industrialist Hanns-Martin Schleyer's body was dumped by the RAF
in the trunk of a car in France in 1977. The following year, BR left the
corpse of Aldo Moro, Italian post-war Prime Minister and Christian
Democrat party leader, in a Rome street, by government headquarters. Over
in France, businessman Georges Besse, then chief of Renault, was murdered
by the anarchist Maoist organization Action Directe in 1986. Today’s
European governments are facing a revival in discussion of the movement,
what with the respective release and capture of German and Italian former
terrorists Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Cesare Battisti.<br><br>
Thirty years of the ‘German Autumn’ <br><br>
On March 25, 57 year-old Brigitte Mohnhaupt, 57, an important figure of
Germany’s anticapitalist RAF (aka Baader-Meinhof) gang, was freed from
Aichach prison in Bavaria. Her probation has reawakened memories of the
‘German Autumn’ of 1977. A succession of murders rocked the country,
alongside a Lufthansa flight hijack and the suicide of the group’s
leader, Andreas Baader. <br><br>
<b>Arrested in 1982, Mohnhaupt was sentenced to five life sentences in
1985. But having served a 24 year mandatory sentence for her involvement
in nine murders and several attempted assassinations, today Mohnhaupt
poses – according to the judges - ‘no security risk’. She has walked
free, whilst never having publicly expressed remorse for her actions</b>.
Her release has provoked controversy in Germany. Running parallel to this
case is that of prisoner Christian Klar, 54. The former RAF member's
appeal for a pardon is currently going around the German courts.<br><br>
Italian saga <br><br>
In Italy, meanwhile, the terrorism of the 1970s is still very fresh in
the mind, especially as French and Italian police caught Cesare Battisti
being caught in Brasilian exile on March 18. A writer and activist, this
52-year-old former member of the 'Armed Proletarians for Communism'
(Proletari Armati per il Comunismo, PAC), was sentenced to life
imprisonment in Italy in 1995. He was given asylum in France, benefiting
from the ‘Mitterand doctrine’ in place at this time. In 1985, President
Fran</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4>ç</font>
<font face="Bookman Old Style, Bookman" size=4>ois Mitterand had pledged
not to extradite former Italian extreme left-wing militants who had
renounced their past, giving them the opportunity of a fresh start on
French soil. <br><br>
In February 2004, however, the French courts agreed, in an apparent
volte-face, to honour the Italian authorities’ demand for Battisti’s
extradition. It led to intense debate within left-wing intellectual and
political circles in the two states. Several months later, Battisti
decided to go underground again, living as a fugitive. His arrest three
years on in Rio de Janeiro, right in the middle of the 2007 French
presidential election campaigns, seems to herald a new era of zero
tolerance towards extreme left-wing terrorism. <br><br>
French inflexibility<br><br>
More recently, Jean-Marc Rouillan, the former head of the Action Directe
urban guerilla group, who has been in prison for the last 20 years, has
written in the French daily Le Monde. He spoke of his desire to continue
the fight against capitalism without batting an eyelid – and without
launching the slightest media outcry. Certainly, France was less affected
than her German and Italian neighbors by what were later termed the
‘Years of Lead’. But while this period of terror goes by unmentioned, the
silence should not be equated with leniency: 53-year-old Rouillan’s
appeals to be released have so far been continually rejected by the
French courts. As have those of his ex-acolytes,
R</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4>é</font>
<font face="Bookman Old Style, Bookman" size=4>gis Schleicher and
Nathalie
M</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4>é</font>
<font face="Bookman Old Style, Bookman" size=4>nignon. In 2004,
Jo</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4>ë</font>
<font face="Bookman Old Style, Bookman" size=4>lle Aubron, the fourth
member of Action Directe to be imprisoned, was released on health
grounds; she died two years later.<br><br>
The incompetence of the authorities working on both sides of the Alpine
border during the ‘Years of Lead’, as well as the adoption of special
laws infringing upon civil liberties, have prevented a rational
coming-to-terms with this era. The consequences remain tangible today.
<br><br>
Photos - (Aldo Moro: Wikipedia), (Christian Klar: Herrner/ Flickr)
<br><br>
Thomas Hochmann - Berlin - 26.3.2007 | Translation : Lindsey Evans
<br><br>
<a href="http://www.cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=T&Id=10480" eudora="autourl">
http://www.cafebabel.com/en/article.asp?T=T&Id=10480<br><br>
<br>
</a></font><font size=3>PROFILE: Brigitte Mohnhaupt: led West German
terrorist onslaught <br><br>
Sunday 25 March 2007 10:07 <br><br>
Brigitte Mohnhaupt, the 57-year-old German woman who has been released
from jail Sunday, was a main leader of the bloodiest wave of leftwing
terrorist attacks against the West German establishment. <br><br>
That nightmare, climaxing in the so-called German autumn of 1977, began
with the April 7, 1977 assassination of Germany's federal
prosecutor-general, Siegfried Buback, who was leading the fight to
uncover and destroy the Red Army Faction (RAF) terrorist group. <br><br>
Mohnhaupt can thank her onetime enemy for her release, almost exactly 30
years later, after serving 24 years of a life sentence for murder. The
federal prosecutions office recommended she be paroled. <br><br>
Germans are hoping that history will not repeat itself. <b>The last time
Mohnhaupt was freed from jail, in early February 1977, she rapidly
reorganized the tattered RAF, restoring covert communications between the
group's jailed founders and underground members outside</b>. <br><br>
<b>In her own words, she found "a little club infested with police
informers and incapable of mounting operations," purged it and
within two months was ready for assassinations, bombings and bank
robberies. <br><br>
</b>Mohnhaupt, a middle-class former student whose father was a
businessman and who had meant to become a journalist, was chief planner
in the April killing of Buback by an RAF team. <br><br>
Though not all has been revealed, historians believe she was the
strategist of the RAF until she was captured on November 11, 1982.
<br><br>
<b>She certainly had considerable authority among the terrorists, as she
had gone underground at the start of 1971, making her part of the
original "struggle," and she had been coached by the founders
of the RAF in Stammheim Prison near Stuttgart. <br><br>
Incredibly, the RAF prisoners were allowed four hours a day with one
another and Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and other founders of the
Baader-Meinhof Gang groomed her as their second-generation successor</b>.
<br><br>
<b>Mohnhaupt was more than just the brains of the underground group: she
was also a cold-blooded killer. In July 1977, when the group tried to
abduct the chief executive of Dresdner Bank, Juergen Ponto, he fought
back and she immediately shot and killed him. <br><br>
In September 1977, the RAF escalated its war against the West German
authorities, kidnapping national employers' leader Hanns- Martin
Schleyer, who was murdered weeks later. Some 20 RAF members took part in
the abduction and Mohnhaupt was the ringleader. <br><br>
She also arranged with a Palestinian terrorist group to jointly hijack a
Lufthansa passenger jet to Mogadishu, Somalia. The plot, aimed at forcing
the release of Baader, Ensslin and others, failed when crack German
police stormed the plane. <br><br>
By the end of 1977, the RAF had murdered nine people, and might well have
killed five more if a fresh attack on federal prosecutors had not failed.
<br><br>
German authorities are confident that Mohnhaupt will not resume violence,
if only because the RAF no longer exists. <br><br>
Even if she has not admitted that terrorism in itself was wrong, the
judges who granted her parole say she seems to have seriously questioned
the evil it brought about. <br><br>
The written judicial decision describes her reasoning for not apologizing
to relatives of her victims. She told the judges that someone could
excuse themself for many missteps in daily life, but not for the loss of
a human being</b>.<br>
</font><x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep>
<font size=3 color="#FF0000">The Freedom Archives<br>
522 Valencia Street<br>
San Francisco, CA 94110<br>
(415) 863-9977<br>
</font><font size=3>
<a href="http://www.freedomarchives.org/" eudora="autourl">
www.freedomarchives.org</a></font></body>
</html>