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<font size=3>Posted on Thu, Apr. 06, 2006 <br><br>
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Academia feels shadow of government<br><br>
<b>BY VINCENT J. SCHODOLSKI<br>
Chicago Tribune<br><br>
LOS ANGELES - </b>On March 10, Latin American history professor Miguel
Tinker-Salas was sitting in his office at Pomona College expecting
students during his regular office hours.<br><br>
Instead, two Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies walked in and started
questioning the Venezuelan-born professor.<br><br>
"The main focus of their questioning had to do with the Venezuelan
community in (Southern California) and their desire to develop a profile
of this community," Tinker-Salas said in an interview.<br><br>
The deputies were gathering information for an FBI-led terrorism task
force, something that unnerved Tinker-Salas and later the president of
Pomona College, David Oxtoby, who circulated a concerned e-mail to
faculty, students and alumni.<br><br>
The concern centered on the chilling effect such visits could have on the
spirit of openness and academic freedom at the college, near Los Angeles
in Claremont, Calif. Similar concerns were expressed during the debate
surrounding congressional renewal of the USA Patriot Act.<br><br>
Moreover, the American Civil Liberties Union has raised broader questions
about the Bush administration's denials of visas to foreign scholars and
others in what some see as a political effort to bar dissident voices
from the country.<br><br>
The ACLU has filed two related lawsuits: In one, the group is pressing
the administration to turn over documents that could shed light on why
certain individuals were denied entry into the United States; in a
second, the ACLU challenges aspects of the Patriot Act, arguing that
ideological considerations and not terrorist concerns are being used to
keep certain academics out of the country.<br><br>
"We think that there is increasing evidence that the government is
using the law to manipulate the flow of information into this
country," said Jameel Jaffer, a staff attorney with the ACLU.
"The way the government is using the law is to exclude people who
have disagreed with U.S. policy."<br><br>
The second ACLU lawsuit seeking to change aspects of the Patriot Act also
names Tariq Ramadan as the symbolic plaintiff. Ramadan, a Swiss national
barred by the U.S. government from entering the country, was set to take
a position at the University of Notre Dame.<br><br>
A number of cases have raised concerns across the nation:<br><br>
_ Bolivian historian Waskar Ari, hired recently to teach at the
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, has been denied a visa to enter the
U.S.<br><br>
_ Last month a group of 59 Cuban scholars was refused entry to Puerto
Rico, a U.S. commonwealth, to attend an academic conference.<br><br>
_ Dora Maria Tellez, a leading member of the Sandinista Liberation
Movement in Nicaragua who is now a college professor, was denied
permission to enter the U.S. to teach at Harvard University.<br><br>
Maura Harty, an assistant secretary of state in the Bureau of Consular
Affairs, said that the vast majority of visas for students and professors
are processed efficiently and the visas are issued.<br><br>
She said she regretted any unwarranted delays but noted that the process
of granting visas had become more complicated in the wake of the Sept.
11, 2001, terrorist attacks.<br><br>
"We need to strike a balance between securing our borders and open
doors," she said.<br><br>
Harty refused to comment on specific cases where visas had been denied,
but she noted that all visa applications have to be vetted by officials
in the Department of Homeland Security before they are passed to the
State Department.<br><br>
In the case of Tinker-Salas, Los Angeles County Sheriff Lee Baca said
that he would henceforth discourage deputies from interviewing academics
on campus.<br><br>
The FBI issued a statement in which it said government officials should
consider the timing and the venue of their interviews. The statement also
said the government had no intention of placing the professor or Pomona
students in "an uncomfortable situation."<br><br>
"We must acknowledge the potential that academics have links to
terrorism," Harold Krent, a dean and professor at the Chicago-Kent
College of Law, said by e-mail. "But with these recent
investigations (it is clear) that our government should move with extreme
caution in investigating academics both for fear of shutting out speech
and of chilling both speech and association as in the (Tinker-Salas)
case."<br><br>
As for Waskar Ari, officials at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln said
last month that they remain in the dark about why the government refused
to issue a visa.<br><br>
Ari said that he still has no idea what was holding up his visa.<br><br>
Unofficially, Ari has been told that his visa application was being held
up because of a Homeland Security background investigation. The
university had applied for an expedited visa for Ari in June.<br><br>
"In mid-October a friend of mine with good connections at the
federal government told me that I was under intense investigation,"
he said in an e-mail exchange from Bolivia, where is teaching history
again.<br><br>
"She said more than one U.S. agency of intelligence was checking my
background and with no time limits. Then I was aware how serious was this
case. I do not know how long this is going to last and how long the UNL
(University of Nebraska-Lincoln) is going to wait for me."<br><br>
University officials are puzzled as well.<br><br>
"He is still in limbo," said Patrick Jones, an assistant
professor of history. "We have not been given any information
formally of what the problem is."<br><br>
Jones said he was not sure whether politics played a role in Ari's visa
situation, "but he is seen as a moderate in Bolivia and is
criticized for being too pro-American."<br><br>
Ari received his doctorate from Georgetown University, Jones
noted.<br><br>
Chuck Tripp, a professor of political science at Westminster College in
Salt Lake City, saw politics at play in the case of the Venezuelan and
Bolivian professors.<br><br>
"Unfortunately, in both cases," Tripp said, " ... no
individual legal rights have been violated and, further, as far as I can
tell, the academic freedoms of these two gentlemen have not been
assaulted, even though we might expect as much. In other words, there's
no clear proof of (politics)."<br><br>
The administration has been heavily critical of Venezuelan President Hugo
Chavez, and Chavez has lashed out against President Bush. Also relations
between the administration and Bolivia's new president, Evo Morales, a
populist like Chavez, have been troubled.<br><br>
Tinker-Salas, at Pomona College, said that the sheriff's deputies wanted
to know if there were leaders in the Venezuelan community, who they were
and where the community congregated.<br><br>
He said he told them that the community, such as it was, tended to be in
Miami, not Los Angeles.<br><br>
"They then asked about the relationship between the community and
the Venezuelan government, embassy and other officials," he
recalled, speaking of the meeting he said lasted about 25
minutes.<br><br>
The professor, a specialist in Latin America, said he told the deputies
that most of the information they were seeking was available through a
simple Internet search. But he said that when he spoke that way to the
deputies, they changed their approach.<br><br>
"When pushed on these matters the questions turned personal,"
he said, "about my citizenship, the school from which I graduated.
Again questions to which they had the answers since in their portfolio
was a copy of my Pomona College Web profile that gave them this
information."<br><br>
Tinker-Salas said he and the college's president had discussed the
incident.<br><br>
"My concerns, as President Oxtoby has already stated, have to do
with academic freedoms and the impact that this sort of visit has on our
ability to critically engage and debate issues without fear of government
intervention," he said.<br><br>
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