[Ppnews] Defense Motion Describes Bradley Manning’s “Unlawful Pretrial Punishment” in Solitary Confinement

Political Prisoner News ppnews at freedomarchives.org
Sat Aug 11 20:28:10 EDT 2012


  Defense Motion Describes Bradley Manning’s “Unlawful Pretrial
  Punishment” in Solitary Confinement

August 11, 2012
http://solitarywatch.com/2012/08/11/defense-motion-describes-bradley-mannings-unlawful-pretrial-punishment-in-solitary-confinement/#more-6498
by Jean Casella and James Ridgeway 
<http://solitarywatch.com/author/jeancasellaandjamesridgeway/>

David E. Coombs, attorney for accused Wikileaker Bradley Manning, has 
made public a motion 
<https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQ2hLa21jNlM0WmM/edit?pli=1> 
“to dismiss all charges owing to the unlawful pretrial punishment to 
which PFC Manning was subjected while at Marine Corps Base, Quantico.” 
Manning spent close to nine months in solitary confinement in the Brig 
at Quantico, from July 2010 to April 2011, before being transferred into 
less restrictive conditions at Fort Leavenworth.

Manning was held in conditions that were denounced 
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/12/bradley-manning-cruel-inhuman-treatment-un> as 
“cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment” by UN Special Rapporteur on 
Torture Juan Mendez. His lawyer is now arguing that they were also in 
“flagrant violation” of military code. Keep in mind that Manning had 
not–and still has not–been convicted of any crime, nor had he been 
accused of any disciplinary violations while in custody.

According to the motion, as summarzied on Coombs’s website 
<http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2012/08/unlawful-pretrial-punishment-motion_10.html>, 
“a decision had been made early on at Quantico to keep PFC Manning in 
MAX Custody and in Prevention of Injury (POI) status — in effect, the 
functional equivalent of solitary confinement.” The motion 
further argues that “Multiple psychiatrists at the Quantico Brig 
recommended for almost nine months that PFC Manning be downgraded from 
POI status.  The psychiatrists informed Quantico Brig officials that PFC 
Manning’s POI status was not warranted because he did not present a risk 
to himself and that the POI status was actually causing PFC Manning 
psychological harm.  The psychiatrists’ recommendations were outright 
ignored by Quantico officials.”

The defense claims it has documents that “reveal that the senior Brig 
officer who ordered PFC Manning to be held in MAX and in POI was 
receiving his marching orders from a three-star general. They also 
reveal that everyone at Quantico was complicit in the unlawful pretrial 
punishment, from senior officers to enlisted marines.”

Many aspects of Bradley Manning’s conditions of confinement at Quantico 
will sound familiar to the tens of thousands of American prisoners who 
have spent time in solitary confinement in supermax prisons and Special 
Housing Units. Additional restrictions were put in place supposedly 
because he was at risk of harming himself, though they in fact seem only 
to have added to his torture. According to the summary of the motion:

    PFC Manning was placed in a 6×8 cell with no window or natural
    light. Owing to his classification as a MAX detainee, PFC Manning
    was subject to the following restrictions:

        *
          PFC Manning was placed in a cell directly in front of the
          guard post to facilitate his constant monitoring.
        *
          PFC Manning was awoken at 0500 hours and required to remain
          awake in his cell from 0500 to 2200 hours.
        *
          PFC Manning was not permitted to lie down on his rack during
          the duty day. Nor was PFC Manning permitted to lean his back
          against the cell wall; he had to sit upright on his rack
          without any back support.
        *
          Whenever PFC Manning was moved outside his cell, the entire
          facility was locked down.
        *
          Whenever PFC Manning was moved outside his cell, he was
          shackled with metal hand and leg restraints and accompanied by
          at least two guards.
        *
           From 29 July 2010 to 10 December 2010, PFC Manning was
          permitted only 20 minutes of “sunshine call.”  Aside from a
          3-5 minute shower, this would be the only time PFC Manning
          would regularly spend outside his cell.  During this sunshine
          call, he would be brought to a small concrete yard, about half
          to a third of the size of a basketball court.  PFC Manning
          would be permitted to walk around the yard in hand and leg
          shackles, while being accompanied by a Brig guard…
        *
           From 10 December 2010 onward, PFC Manning was permitted a one
          hour recreation call.  At this point, the Brig authorized the
          removal of his hand and leg shackles and PFC Manning was no
          longer required to be accompanied by a Brig guard…
        *
          PFC Manning was only authorized non-contact visits.  The
          non-contact visits were permitted on Saturdays and Sundays
          between 1200 and 1500 hours by approved visitors.  During
          these visits, he would have to wear his hand and leg restraints.
        *
          PFC Manning was required to meet his visitors in a small 4 by
          6 foot room that was separated with a glass partition.  His
          visits were monitored by the guards and they were audio
          recorded by the Brig…
        *
          PFC Manning was only permitted non-contact visits with his
          attorneys. During these visits, he was shackled at the hands
          and feet.
        *
          PFC Manning was not permitted any work duty.

    Owing to PFC Manning being placed on continuous POI status, he was
    subject to the following further restrictions:

        *
          PFC Manningwas subject to constant monitoring; the Brig guards
          were required to check on him every five minutes by asking him
          some variation of, “are you okay?” PFC Manning was required to
          respond in some affirmative manner.   Guards were required to
          make notations every five minutes in a logbook.
        *
          At night, if the guards could not see him clearly, because he
          had a blanket over his head or he was curled up towards the
          wall, they would wake PFC Manning in order to ensure that he
          was okay.
        *
          At night, only some of the lights would be turned off. 
          Additionally, there was a florescent light in the hall outside
          PFC Manning’s cell that would stay on at night.
        *
          PFC Manning was required to receive each of his meals alone in
          his cell.  He was only permitted to eat with a spoon.
        *
          There were usually no detainees on either side of PFC
          Manning.  If PFC Manning attempted to speak to those detainees
          that were several cells away from him, the guards would order
          him to stop speaking.
        *
          PFC Manning originally was provided with a standard mattress
          and no pillow. PFC Manning tried to fold the mattress to make
          a pillow so that he could be more comfortable when sleeping. 
          Brig officials did not like this, so on 15 December 2010 they
          provided him with a suicide mattress with a built-in pillow…
        *
          PFC Manning was not permitted regular sheets or blankets. 
          Instead he was provided with a tear-proof security blanket. 
          This blanket was extremely coarse…The blanket did not keep PFC
          Manning warm because it did not retain heat and, due to its
          stiffness, did not contour to his body.
        *
          PFC Manningwas not allowed to have any personal items in his cell.
        *
          PFC Manningwas only allowed to have one book or one magazine
          at any given time to read.  If he was not actively reading,
          the book or magazine would be taken away from him.  Also, the
          book or magazine would be taken away from him at the end of
          the day before he went to sleep.
        *
          For the last month of his confinement at Quantico, PFC Manning
          was given a pen and five pieces of paper along with his book. 
          However, if he was not actively reading his book and taking
          notes, these items would be taken away from him.
        *
          PFC Manning was prevented from exercising in his cell.  If he
          attempted to do push-ups, sit-ups, or any other form of
          exercise he would be forced to stop.
        *
          When PFC Manning went to sleep, he was required to strip down
          to his underwear and surrender his clothing to the guards.
        *
          PFC Manning was only permitted hygiene items as needed. PFC
          Manning would have to request toilet paper every time he
          wanted to go to the bathroom; at times, he had to wait for
          guards to provide him with toilet paper.
        *
          There was no soap in his cell.  PFC Manning requested soap to
          wash his hands after using the bathroom; guards would
          sometimes get the soap, and sometimes not.
        *
          PFC Manning was not permitted to wear shoes in his cell.
        *
          PFC Manning was initially only permitted correspondence time
          for one hour a day; after 27 October 2010, this was changed to
          two hours per day.

According to the complaint, at one point, after he suffered an apparent 
anxiety attack and then protested his conditions, a Brig official 
“placed PFC Manning in Suicide Risk status, over the recommendation of a 
Brig psychiatrist.” For two days he was confined to his cell, permitted 
to wear only his underwear during the day, and forced to sleep naked at 
night; his eyeglasses were also taken away. After he complained about 
his conditions again, Manning was “required to wear a heavy and 
restrictive suicide smock which irritated his skin and, on one occasion, 
almost choked him.”

As Matt Williams writes at the Guardian 
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/aug/10/bradley-manning-military-code-lawyer?newsfeed=true>:

    The defence motion is brought under Article 13 of the Uniform Code
    of Military Justice. It states that “no person, while being held for
    trial, may be subjected to punishment or penalty other than arrest
    or confinement upon the charges pending against him, nor shall the
    arrest or confinement imposed upon him be any more rigorous than the
    circumstances required to insure his presence.”Under Article 13, if
    a judge decides that a member of the armed forces has been illegally
    punished before trial, he can grant the prisoner credit on the
    amount of time they have already served in custody, or can even
    dismiss all charges outright.

For more detailed readings of the motion, see Kevin Gosztola’s blog 
<http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2012/08/10/defense-motion-details-horrific-conditions-bradley-manning-was-subjected-to-at-quantico/>at 
Firedoglake and Kim Zetter’s post 
<http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/08/general-manning-jail-treatment/> on 
Wired.

-- 
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863.9977 www.freedomarchives.org
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