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Reparations, Justice Must Come:
The Ninth Newsletter (2026) </td>
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As a new mood in the Global
South advances, US Secretary of
State Marco Rubio recently urged
Europe to embrace its colonial
past and defend Western values
against the communist menace. </td>
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alt="" width="771"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-771x1024.jpg 771w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-226x300.jpg 226w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-768x1020.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022.jpg 880w"
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<p
id="caption-attachment-136244" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Kwaku
Yaro (Ghana), <i>Stand
by Me</i>, 2022.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Dear
friends,</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
from the desk of <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9e7526e850&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
Institute for Social
Research</a>.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">We
live in an upside-down
world. The leaders of the
richer nations, the old
colonial powers, want to
rehabilitate the language of
imperialism: praise for
their past, and a desire to
repeat that messianism in
the present. Meanwhile, the
peoples of the poorer
nations agitate for peace
and development, as well as
for an apology for the
crimes of colonialism and
reparations for the plunder
carried out during that
period. The slogan from the
people is simple: \u2018Justice
must come\u2019. It rumbles now
but will grow louder with
time.</p>
<div
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class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136204"
class="size-large wp-image-136204 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005%E2%80%932015-1020x1024.jpg"
alt="" width="1020"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-1020x1024.jpg 1020w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-150x150.jpg 150w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-768x771.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015.jpg 1200w"
sizes="(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-136204" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Christopher
Cozier (Trinidad and
Tobago), <i>Tropical
Night</i>,
2006\u20132014.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">When
officials from the United
States come to Europe to
talk about geopolitics,
senior European officials
listen intently. Last year,
at the Munich Security
Conference, US Vice
President JD Vance <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=5f5900890b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">scolded</a>
the Europeans for what he
called a crisis \u2018of our own
making\u2019. He was rebuked for
being insolent toward
European democracy, which he
chastised for being
insufficiently attentive to
the \u2018issue\u2019 of migration and
for being overly concerned
about the rise of the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=bd1853be45&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">far
right of a special type</a>.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">European
newspapers, from <i>The
Guardian</i> to <i>Le
Monde</i>, criticised
Vance for his insolence.
However, most of the senior
liberal European officials \u2013
from the European Union\u2019s
High Representative for
Foreign Affairs <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=20bc9e2b4b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Kaja
Kallas</a> to NATO
Secretary General <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f703d0de92&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Mark
Rutte</a> \u2013 bowed their
heads and said that Europe
would do well to meet the
goals set by the United
States for military
spending. This drive for
militarisation has gone hand
in hand with a steady
capitulation to the far
right.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">This
year, the US representative
to the Munich Security
Conference was Secretary of
State Marco Rubio. In his <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d22c47554c&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">speech</a>,
Rubio offered a fairly
accurate history lesson:</p>
<blockquote
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">For
five centuries, before the
end of the Second World
War, the West had been
expanding \u2013 its
missionaries, its
pilgrims, its soldiers,
its explorers pouring from
its shores to cross
oceans, settle new
continents, build vast
empires extending out
across the globe. But in
1945, for the first time
since the age of Columbus,
it was contracting. Europe
was in ruins. Half of it
lived behind an Iron
Curtain, and the rest
looked like it would soon
follow. The great Western
empires had entered into
terminal decline,
accelerated by godless
communist revolutions and
by anti-colonial uprisings
that would transform the
world and drape the red
hammer and sickle across
vast swaths of the map in
the years to come.</p>
</blockquote>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Rubio\u2019s
general historical
orientation is correct.
European colonialism was in
ascendency roughly from 1492
\u2013 the opening of the
Americas to conquest and
enslavement \u2013 until the
mid-twentieth century. Then,
after the defeat of fascism
in the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=873fe98260&e=d206d0a40d"
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moz-do-not-send="true">World
Anti-Fascist War</a>, led
by the Soviet Union and
fought at immense cost in
China, European colonialism
was pushed aside by the
rapid rise of both communist
and national liberation
movements, with the
communists in Vietnam
(1945), China (1949), and
Cuba (1959) prevailing
against all odds to
inaugurate communist
experiments in poorer
nations.</p>
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src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari%CC%81a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007.jpg"
alt="" width="900"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari\u0301a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007.jpg 900w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari\u0301a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007-300x259.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari\u0301a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007-768x662.jpg 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-136220" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>María
Magdalena Campos-Pons
(Cuba), <i>De las dos
aguas</i> (Of the
Two Waters), 2007.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Rubio
was born in Miami, Florida.
His parents left Cuba in
1956, around three years
before the Cuban Revolution.
In his speech, Rubio makes
it clear that he sees
himself entirely as an heir
to Christian Europe, with
nothing of the rich culture
of his parents\u2019 Cuba \u2013 a
culture built on the
heritages of Africa, Asia,
and the Indigenous peoples
of the Americas as much as
on those of Asturian,
Galician, and Catalan
migrants from the Iberian
Peninsula. The Cuban
Revolution gradually sought
to dismantle the old racist
hierarchies of plantation
society and build a society
of equal Cuban citizens.
This is the kind of
decolonisation that Rubio
abhors.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">During
the era of decolonisation
and socialism, Rubio said,
\u2018many came to believe that
the West\u2019s age of dominance
had come to an end and that
our future was destined to
be a faint and feeble echo
of our past\u2019. But the
leaders of the Atlantic
world did not buckle. \u2018Our
predecessors recognised that
decline was a choice, and it
was a choice they refused to
make\u2019.</p>
<div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
<div id="attachment_136212"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136212"
class="size-large wp-image-136212 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-1024x1024.jpg"
alt="" width="1024"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-150x150.jpg 150w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-768x768.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011.jpg 1200w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-136212" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Ihosvanny
Cisneros (Angola), <i>Riots
and Rage</i>, 2011.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">So,
Rubio argued, today the
leadership in the West must
stand firm and reject what
he presents as inevitable
decline, defend Western
values against communism,
and commit themselves to new
forms of colonialism
(whether in Gaza or in the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=07359dfcbc&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Western
Hemisphere</a>). What kind
of Europe does the United
States seek to ally with? In
Rubio\u2019s words: \u2018A Europe
that has the spirit of
creation of liberty that
sent ships out into
uncharted seas and birthed
our civilisation\u2019 \u2013 in other
words, a colonial Europe for
an imperial United States.
The European leaders in the
hall greeted Rubio with a
standing ovation. They are
perfectly comfortable with a
few colonial wars if the
United States is beside them
to provide military support
and protection. There was no
outrage at Rubio\u2019s speech,
no dismay at the naked
display of Western
chauvinism and colonialism.
For the European leadership,
it seems unacceptable to be
critical of Europe\u2019s
democratic norms but utterly
acceptable to champion the
return of Western
colonialism.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">As
a new mood grows in the
Global South to exercise
sovereignty and build a
dignified life for the
peoples of Africa, Asia, and
Latin America, the leaders
of the Global North
celebrate the Age of
Columbus and cheer on a
return to that era. They
want to break into their
museums, put on <i>morriones</i>
(the helmets of the<i> </i>conquistadors),
get into their Lockheed
Martin F-35 Lightning II
fighter jets, and bomb the
daylights out of the peoples
of the South. This is what
the United States did to
Venezuela on 3 January 2026,
what they have been doing to
Palestine, and what they
want to do to <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=ec9ecf63a8&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Cuba</a>
and the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f2d4e1f532&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Sahel</a>.
They might have vast
military power, built with
their plundered treasure,
and they might be able to
use this power to instil
fear among large parts of
the human population, but
they will never garner
respect or submission. That
is clear from the reaction
around the world to the
flagrant violation of
Venezuela\u2019s sovereignty,
from the way people have
rallied in support of Cuba
in the face of attempts to
suffocate the Cuban
Revolution, and from the
outrage of almost every
single inhabitant of this
planet at the ongoing
genocide of the Palestinian
people.</p>
<div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
<div id="attachment_136236"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136236"
class="size-large wp-image-136236 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-941x1024.jpg"
alt="" width="941"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-941x1024.jpg 941w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-276x300.jpg 276w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-768x836.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017.jpg 1103w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 941px) 100vw, 941px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-136236" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Kelly
Sinnapah Mary
(Guadeloupe), <i>Notebook
of No Return</i>,
2017.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">In
December 2025, Algeria\u2019s
lower house of parliament
unanimously <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=ea1b8ebec4&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">approved</a>
a bill declaring that French
colonisation of their land
from 1830 to 1962 was a
crime against humanity. The
Algerian government had
pressed the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d8305b2ae1&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">issue</a>
at the African Union (AU)
previously, which in
February 2026 adopted a <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=8549ad5123&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">resolution</a>
to designate 30 November as
the African Day of Tribute
to African Martyrs and
Victims of the Transatlantic
Slave Trade, Colonisation,
and Apartheid; to convene an
International Conference on
Crimes of Colonialism, which
the resolution describes as
\u2018genocide against the people
of Africa\u2019; and to seek
\u2018international recognition
and redress for these
historical crimes\u2019. At the
AU meeting, Ghana\u2019s
President John Dramani
Mahama said that his country
would table a resolution at
the United Nations General
Assembly in March 2026 to
recognise the Transatlantic
Slave Trade as the \u2018gravest
crime against humanity\u2019.
\u2018All peoples of African
descent have been waiting
for this day\u2019, Mahama said.
\u2018The truth cannot be buried.
The legal foundations are
sound; the moral imperative
is undeniable\u2019.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">On
one side of the
Mediterranean Sea, the
Global North sees
colonisation as positive and
suggests its return, while
on the other side, the
Global South excoriates it
with historical fact and
calls for reparations.
Mahama\u2019s comments come in
the wake of the release of
Kwesi Pratt, Jr.\u2019s book <i>Reparations:
History, Struggle,
Politics, and Law</i>, for
which Mahama wrote an
incisive foreword. In the
book, presented at the AU
summit in Malabo (Equatorial
Guinea) in July 2025 and
released in Accra in
September 2025, Pratt argues
that the Global North owes
the African people between
$2 and $3 trillion in unpaid
wages and between $4 and $6
trillion for unpaid colonial
extraction. Combined, this
amounts to between $6 and $9
trillion. At the upper end,
this is a tenth of the
Global North\u2019s annual GDP,
and it is vastly greater
than the African continent\u2019s
total external debt of $1.5
trillion (which, at the very
least, should be wiped out
as a gesture of contrition).</p>
<div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
<div id="attachment_136228"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136228"
class="size-full wp-image-136228 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso%CC%83es-1973.jpg"
alt="" width="560"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso\u0303es-1973.jpg 560w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso\u0303es-1973-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso\u0303es-1973-150x150.jpg 150w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-136228" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Maria
Auxiliadora da Silva
(Brazil), <i>Parque
de diverso\u0303es </i>(Theme
Park),\u20091973.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Meanwhile,
in the Caribbean, Prime
Minister Gaston Browne of
Antigua and Barbuda threw
off his suit, put on a
bandana, and, under the name
\u2018Gassy Dread\u2019, teamed up
with reggae star Gramps
Morgan to release the single
\u2018Reparations\u2019 in February
2026. Here are some of the
lyrics:</p>
<blockquote
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Reparations,
justice must come<br>
Africa and the Caribbean
as one.<br>
Not charity, but exposing
them bold<br>
Restitution for the labour
and the gold.<br>
Across the ocean, torn
from the land,<br>
Chains on the feet, whip
in the hand.<br>
But Jah light carried us
through the storm<br>
Now a new day of justice
is born.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">\u2026</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">They
plundered bodies,
diamonds, and cane.<br>
Generations carried the
weight and the pain.<br>
But the people strong, we
still survive.<br>
Now it\u2019s time to let
justice arrive:<br>
Reparations, justice must
come.</p>
</blockquote>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Indeed.
Prime Minister Browne should
send a <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=886f60e3b3&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">link</a>
to his song to Marco Rubio
and to all the European
heads of government. Rubio
longs for the colonial
\u2018spirit\u2019 that sent ships
into \u2018uncharted seas\u2019. But
the people of the Global
South remember what those
ships carried \u2013 and what
they took. If the Atlantic
world wants to speak of
\u2018civilisation\u2019, let them
begin with restitution:
cancelling illegitimate
debts, returning stolen
wealth, and paying
reparations for centuries of
colonial plunder and
neocolonial extraction. The
era of colonial impunity is
over. Justice must come.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
</span> </td>
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