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                                        Reparations, Justice Must Come:
                                        The Ninth Newsletter (2026) </td>
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                                        As a new mood in the Global
                                        South advances, US Secretary of
                                        State Marco Rubio recently urged
                                        Europe to embrace its colonial
                                        past and defend Western values
                                        against the communist menace. </td>
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class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
                                            <div id="attachment_136244"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136244"
class="size-large wp-image-136244 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-771x1024.jpg"
                                                alt="" width="771"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-771x1024.jpg 771w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-226x300.jpg 226w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022-768x1020.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kwaku-Yaro-Ghana-Stand-By-Me-2022.jpg 880w"
sizes="(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
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                                              <p
id="caption-attachment-136244" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Kwaku
                                                  Yaro (Ghana), <i>Stand
                                                    by Me</i>, 2022.</small></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Dear
                                            friends,</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
                                            from the desk of <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=9e7526e850&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
                                              Institute for Social
                                              Research</a>.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">We
                                            live in an upside-down
                                            world. The leaders of the
                                            richer nations, the old
                                            colonial powers, want to
                                            rehabilitate the language of
                                            imperialism: praise for
                                            their past, and a desire to
                                            repeat that messianism in
                                            the present. Meanwhile, the
                                            peoples of the poorer
                                            nations agitate for peace
                                            and development, as well as
                                            for an apology for the
                                            crimes of colonialism and
                                            reparations for the plunder
                                            carried out during that
                                            period. The slogan from the
                                            people is simple: \u2018Justice
                                            must come\u2019. It rumbles now
                                            but will grow louder with
                                            time.</p>
                                          <div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
                                            <div id="attachment_136204"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136204"
class="size-large wp-image-136204 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005%E2%80%932015-1020x1024.jpg"
                                                alt="" width="1020"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-1020x1024.jpg 1020w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-150x150.jpg 150w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015-768x771.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Christopher-Cozier-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Tropical-Night-2005\u20132015.jpg 1200w"
sizes="(max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">
                                              <p
id="caption-attachment-136204" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Christopher
                                                  Cozier (Trinidad and
                                                  Tobago), <i>Tropical
                                                    Night</i>,
                                                  2006\u20132014.</small></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">When
                                            officials from the United
                                            States come to Europe to
                                            talk about geopolitics,
                                            senior European officials
                                            listen intently. Last year,
                                            at the Munich Security
                                            Conference, US Vice
                                            President JD Vance <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=5f5900890b&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">scolded</a>
                                            the Europeans for what he
                                            called a crisis \u2018of our own
                                            making\u2019. He was rebuked for
                                            being insolent toward
                                            European democracy, which he
                                            chastised for being
                                            insufficiently attentive to
                                            the \u2018issue\u2019 of migration and
                                            for being overly concerned
                                            about the rise of the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=bd1853be45&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">far
                                              right of a special type</a>.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">European
                                            newspapers, from <i>The
                                              Guardian</i> to <i>Le
                                              Monde</i>, criticised
                                            Vance for his insolence.
                                            However, most of the senior
                                            liberal European officials \u2013
                                            from the European Union\u2019s
                                            High Representative for
                                            Foreign Affairs <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=20bc9e2b4b&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Kaja
                                              Kallas</a> to NATO
                                            Secretary General <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=f703d0de92&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Mark
                                              Rutte</a> \u2013 bowed their
                                            heads and said that Europe
                                            would do well to meet the
                                            goals set by the United
                                            States for military
                                            spending. This drive for
                                            militarisation has gone hand
                                            in hand with a steady
                                            capitulation to the far
                                            right.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">This
                                            year, the US representative
                                            to the Munich Security
                                            Conference was Secretary of
                                            State Marco Rubio. In his <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=d22c47554c&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">speech</a>,
                                            Rubio offered a fairly
                                            accurate history lesson:</p>
                                          <blockquote
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                            <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">For
                                              five centuries, before the
                                              end of the Second World
                                              War, the West had been
                                              expanding \u2013 its
                                              missionaries, its
                                              pilgrims, its soldiers,
                                              its explorers pouring from
                                              its shores to cross
                                              oceans, settle new
                                              continents, build vast
                                              empires extending out
                                              across the globe. But in
                                              1945, for the first time
                                              since the age of Columbus,
                                              it was contracting. Europe
                                              was in ruins. Half of it
                                              lived behind an Iron
                                              Curtain, and the rest
                                              looked like it would soon
                                              follow. The great Western
                                              empires had entered into
                                              terminal decline,
                                              accelerated by godless
                                              communist revolutions and
                                              by anti-colonial uprisings
                                              that would transform the
                                              world and drape the red
                                              hammer and sickle across
                                              vast swaths of the map in
                                              the years to come.</p>
                                          </blockquote>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Rubio\u2019s
                                            general historical
                                            orientation is correct.
                                            European colonialism was in
                                            ascendency roughly from 1492
                                            \u2013 the opening of the
                                            Americas to conquest and
                                            enslavement \u2013 until the
                                            mid-twentieth century. Then,
                                            after the defeat of fascism
                                            in the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=873fe98260&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">World
                                              Anti-Fascist War</a>, led
                                            by the Soviet Union and
                                            fought at immense cost in
                                            China, European colonialism
                                            was pushed aside by the
                                            rapid rise of both communist
                                            and national liberation
                                            movements, with the
                                            communists in Vietnam
                                            (1945), China (1949), and
                                            Cuba (1959) prevailing
                                            against all odds to
                                            inaugurate communist
                                            experiments in poorer
                                            nations.</p>
                                          <div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
                                            <div id="attachment_136220"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136220"
class="size-full wp-image-136220 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari%CC%81a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007.jpg"
                                                alt="" width="900"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari\u0301a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007.jpg 900w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari\u0301a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007-300x259.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Mari\u0301a-Magdalena-Campos-Pons-Cuba-De-las-los-aguas-2007-768x662.jpg 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">
                                              <p
id="caption-attachment-136220" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>María
                                                  Magdalena Campos-Pons
                                                  (Cuba), <i>De las dos
                                                    aguas</i> (Of the
                                                  Two Waters), 2007.</small></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Rubio
                                            was born in Miami, Florida.
                                            His parents left Cuba in
                                            1956, around three years
                                            before the Cuban Revolution.
                                            In his speech, Rubio makes
                                            it clear that he sees
                                            himself entirely as an heir
                                            to Christian Europe, with
                                            nothing of the rich culture
                                            of his parents\u2019 Cuba \u2013 a
                                            culture built on the
                                            heritages of Africa, Asia,
                                            and the Indigenous peoples
                                            of the Americas as much as
                                            on those of Asturian,
                                            Galician, and Catalan
                                            migrants from the Iberian
                                            Peninsula. The Cuban
                                            Revolution gradually sought
                                            to dismantle the old racist
                                            hierarchies of plantation
                                            society and build a society
                                            of equal Cuban citizens.
                                            This is the kind of
                                            decolonisation that Rubio
                                            abhors.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">During
                                            the era of decolonisation
                                            and socialism, Rubio said,
                                            \u2018many came to believe that
                                            the West\u2019s age of dominance
                                            had come to an end and that
                                            our future was destined to
                                            be a faint and feeble echo
                                            of our past\u2019. But the
                                            leaders of the Atlantic
                                            world did not buckle. \u2018Our
                                            predecessors recognised that
                                            decline was a choice, and it
                                            was a choice they refused to
                                            make\u2019.</p>
                                          <div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
                                            <div id="attachment_136212"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136212"
class="size-large wp-image-136212 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-1024x1024.jpg"
                                                alt="" width="1024"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-150x150.jpg 150w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011-768x768.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Ihosvanny-Cisneros-Angola-Riots-and-Rage-2011.jpg 1200w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">
                                              <p
id="caption-attachment-136212" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Ihosvanny
                                                  Cisneros (Angola), <i>Riots
                                                    and Rage</i>, 2011.</small></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">So,
                                            Rubio argued, today the
                                            leadership in the West must
                                            stand firm and reject what
                                            he presents as inevitable
                                            decline, defend Western
                                            values against communism,
                                            and commit themselves to new
                                            forms of colonialism
                                            (whether in Gaza or in the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=07359dfcbc&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Western
                                              Hemisphere</a>). What kind
                                            of Europe does the United
                                            States seek to ally with? In
                                            Rubio\u2019s words: \u2018A Europe
                                            that has the spirit of
                                            creation of liberty that
                                            sent ships out into
                                            uncharted seas and birthed
                                            our civilisation\u2019 \u2013 in other
                                            words, a colonial Europe for
                                            an imperial United States.
                                            The European leaders in the
                                            hall greeted Rubio with a
                                            standing ovation. They are
                                            perfectly comfortable with a
                                            few colonial wars if the
                                            United States is beside them
                                            to provide military support
                                            and protection. There was no
                                            outrage at Rubio\u2019s speech,
                                            no dismay at the naked
                                            display of Western
                                            chauvinism and colonialism.
                                            For the European leadership,
                                            it seems unacceptable to be
                                            critical of Europe\u2019s
                                            democratic norms but utterly
                                            acceptable to champion the
                                            return of Western
                                            colonialism.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">As
                                            a new mood grows in the
                                            Global South to exercise
                                            sovereignty and build a
                                            dignified life for the
                                            peoples of Africa, Asia, and
                                            Latin America, the leaders
                                            of the Global North
                                            celebrate the Age of
                                            Columbus and cheer on a
                                            return to that era. They
                                            want to break into their
                                            museums, put on <i>morriones</i>
                                            (the helmets of the<i> </i>conquistadors),
                                            get into their Lockheed
                                            Martin F-35 Lightning II
                                            fighter jets, and bomb the
                                            daylights out of the peoples
                                            of the South. This is what
                                            the United States did to
                                            Venezuela on 3 January 2026,
                                            what they have been doing to
                                            Palestine, and what they
                                            want to do to <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=ec9ecf63a8&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Cuba</a>
                                            and the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=f2d4e1f532&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Sahel</a>.
                                            They might have vast
                                            military power, built with
                                            their plundered treasure,
                                            and they might be able to
                                            use this power to instil
                                            fear among large parts of
                                            the human population, but
                                            they will never garner
                                            respect or submission. That
                                            is clear from the reaction
                                            around the world to the
                                            flagrant violation of
                                            Venezuela\u2019s sovereignty,
                                            from the way people have
                                            rallied in support of Cuba
                                            in the face of attempts to
                                            suffocate the Cuban
                                            Revolution, and from the
                                            outrage of almost every
                                            single inhabitant of this
                                            planet at the ongoing
                                            genocide of the Palestinian
                                            people.</p>
                                          <div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
                                            <div id="attachment_136236"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136236"
class="size-large wp-image-136236 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-941x1024.jpg"
                                                alt="" width="941"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-941x1024.jpg 941w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-276x300.jpg 276w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017-768x836.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Kelly-Sinnapah-Mary-Guadeloupe-Notebook-of-No-Return-2017.jpg 1103w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 941px) 100vw, 941px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">
                                              <p
id="caption-attachment-136236" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Kelly
                                                  Sinnapah Mary
                                                  (Guadeloupe), <i>Notebook
                                                    of No Return</i>,
                                                  2017.</small></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">In
                                            December 2025, Algeria\u2019s
                                            lower house of parliament
                                            unanimously <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=ea1b8ebec4&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">approved</a>
                                            a bill declaring that French
                                            colonisation of their land
                                            from 1830 to 1962 was a
                                            crime against humanity. The
                                            Algerian government had
                                            pressed the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=d8305b2ae1&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
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                                              moz-do-not-send="true">issue</a>
                                            at the African Union (AU)
                                            previously, which in
                                            February 2026 adopted a <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=8549ad5123&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">resolution</a>
                                            to designate 30 November as
                                            the African Day of Tribute
                                            to African Martyrs and
                                            Victims of the Transatlantic
                                            Slave Trade, Colonisation,
                                            and Apartheid; to convene an
                                            International Conference on
                                            Crimes of Colonialism, which
                                            the resolution describes as
                                            \u2018genocide against the people
                                            of Africa\u2019; and to seek
                                            \u2018international recognition
                                            and redress for these
                                            historical crimes\u2019. At the
                                            AU meeting, Ghana\u2019s
                                            President John Dramani
                                            Mahama said that his country
                                            would table a resolution at
                                            the United Nations General
                                            Assembly in March 2026 to
                                            recognise the Transatlantic
                                            Slave Trade as the \u2018gravest
                                            crime against humanity\u2019.
                                            \u2018All peoples of African
                                            descent have been waiting
                                            for this day\u2019, Mahama said.
                                            \u2018The truth cannot be buried.
                                            The legal foundations are
                                            sound; the moral imperative
                                            is undeniable\u2019.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">On
                                            one side of the
                                            Mediterranean Sea, the
                                            Global North sees
                                            colonisation as positive and
                                            suggests its return, while
                                            on the other side, the
                                            Global South excoriates it
                                            with historical fact and
                                            calls for reparations.
                                            Mahama\u2019s comments come in
                                            the wake of the release of
                                            Kwesi Pratt, Jr.\u2019s book <i>Reparations:
                                              History, Struggle,
                                              Politics, and Law</i>, for
                                            which Mahama wrote an
                                            incisive foreword. In the
                                            book, presented at the AU
                                            summit in Malabo (Equatorial
                                            Guinea) in July 2025 and
                                            released in Accra in
                                            September 2025, Pratt argues
                                            that the Global North owes
                                            the African people between
                                            $2 and $3 trillion in unpaid
                                            wages and between $4 and $6
                                            trillion for unpaid colonial
                                            extraction. Combined, this
                                            amounts to between $6 and $9
                                            trillion. At the upper end,
                                            this is a tenth of the
                                            Global North\u2019s annual GDP,
                                            and it is vastly greater
                                            than the African continent\u2019s
                                            total external debt of $1.5
                                            trillion (which, at the very
                                            least, should be wiped out
                                            as a gesture of contrition).</p>
                                          <div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
                                            <div id="attachment_136228"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-136228"
class="size-full wp-image-136228 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso%CC%83es-1973.jpg"
                                                alt="" width="560"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso\u0303es-1973.jpg 560w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso\u0303es-1973-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Maria-Auxiliadoro-da-Silva-Brazil-Parque-de-diverso\u0303es-1973-150x150.jpg 150w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">
                                              <p
id="caption-attachment-136228" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Maria
                                                  Auxiliadora da Silva
                                                  (Brazil), <i>Parque
                                                    de diverso\u0303es </i>(Theme
                                                  Park),\u20091973.</small></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Meanwhile,
                                            in the Caribbean, Prime
                                            Minister Gaston Browne of
                                            Antigua and Barbuda threw
                                            off his suit, put on a
                                            bandana, and, under the name
                                            \u2018Gassy Dread\u2019, teamed up
                                            with reggae star Gramps
                                            Morgan to release the single
                                            \u2018Reparations\u2019 in February
                                            2026. Here are some of the
                                            lyrics:</p>
                                          <blockquote
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                            <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Reparations,
                                              justice must come<br>
                                              Africa and the Caribbean
                                              as one.<br>
                                              Not charity, but exposing
                                              them bold<br>
                                              Restitution for the labour
                                              and the gold.<br>
                                              Across the ocean, torn
                                              from the land,<br>
                                              Chains on the feet, whip
                                              in the hand.<br>
                                              But Jah light carried us
                                              through the storm<br>
                                              Now a new day of justice
                                              is born.</p>
                                            <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">\u2026</p>
                                            <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">They
                                              plundered bodies,
                                              diamonds, and cane.<br>
                                              Generations carried the
                                              weight and the pain.<br>
                                              But the people strong, we
                                              still survive.<br>
                                              Now it\u2019s time to let
                                              justice arrive:<br>
                                              Reparations, justice must
                                              come.</p>
                                          </blockquote>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Indeed.
                                            Prime Minister Browne should
                                            send a <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=886f60e3b3&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
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                                              moz-do-not-send="true">link</a>
                                            to his song to Marco Rubio
                                            and to all the European
                                            heads of government. Rubio
                                            longs for the colonial
                                            \u2018spirit\u2019 that sent ships
                                            into \u2018uncharted seas\u2019. But
                                            the people of the Global
                                            South remember what those
                                            ships carried \u2013 and what
                                            they took. If the Atlantic
                                            world wants to speak of
                                            \u2018civilisation\u2019, let them
                                            begin with restitution:
                                            cancelling illegitimate
                                            debts, returning stolen
                                            wealth, and paying
                                            reparations for centuries of
                                            colonial plunder and
                                            neocolonial extraction. The
                                            era of colonial impunity is
                                            over. Justice must come.</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
                                          <p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
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href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=b8e47af1b7&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-facebook-48.png"
                                                          alt="Facebook"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                          height="24"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a> </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                        </table>
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <table
                                                          align="left"
                                                          border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="mcnBlockFloatLeft"
style="display: inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;float: left;">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          valign="top"
style="padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer">
                                                          <table
                                                          border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          align="left"
valign="middle"
style="padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                                          <table
                                                          align="left"
                                                          border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width=""
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;float: left;">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          align="center"
valign="middle" width="24" class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                                          <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=52df1756c8&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-twitter-48.png"
                                                          alt="Twitter"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                          height="24"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a> </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                        </table>
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <table
                                                          align="left"
                                                          border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="mcnBlockFloatLeft"
style="display: inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;float: left;">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          valign="top"
style="padding-right: 0;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer">
                                                          <table
                                                          border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          align="left"
valign="middle"
style="padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                                          <table
                                                          align="left"
                                                          border="0"
cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width=""
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;float: left;">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          align="center"
valign="middle" width="24" class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                                          <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=055ffdce9e&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-instagram-48.png"
alt="Instagram"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
                                                          height="24"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          class=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a> </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                        </table>
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                    </tr>
                                    </table>
                                    <![endif]--> </td>
                                                    </tr>
                                                  </tbody>
                                                </table>
                                              </td>
                                            </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                        </table>
                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table border="0" cellpadding="0"
                          cellspacing="0" width="100%"
                          class="mcnDividerBlock"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;table-layout: fixed !important;">
                          <tbody class="mcnDividerBlockOuter">
                            <tr>
                              <td class="mcnDividerBlockInner"
style="min-width: 100%;padding: 18px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                <table class="mcnDividerContent"
                                  border="0" cellpadding="0"
                                  cellspacing="0" width="100%"
style="min-width: 100%;border-top: 2px solid #EAEAEA;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                  <tbody>
                                    <tr>
                                      <td
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                        <span></span> </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                                <!--
                <td class="mcnDividerBlockInner" style="padding: 18px;">
                <hr class="mcnDividerContent" style="border-bottom-color:none; border-left-color:none; border-right-color:none; border-bottom-width:0; border-left-width:0; border-right-width:0; margin-top:0; margin-right:0; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:0;" />
--> </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                        <table border="0" cellpadding="0"
                          cellspacing="0" width="100%"
                          class="mcnTextBlock"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                          <tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
                            <tr>
                              <td valign="top" class="mcnTextBlockInner"
style="padding-top: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"><br>
                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
                <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]>
                        </td>
                        </tr>
                        </table>
                        <![endif]-->
                <!-- // END TEMPLATE --> </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </center>
      <div style="display:none;"><img
src="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&amp;id=03216ae343&amp;e=d206d0a40d"
          height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt=""
          moz-do-not-send="true"></div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>