<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body style="font-kerning: auto;--image-offset-margin: -120px;"
class="email-body">
<div class="moz-forward-container"><img
src="https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjUxMjI3MTIwMTQ0LjMuYzVhNWU2YjVkM2MwYmJlZEBtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjM2NzUxNTgzLCJyIjoiY2xhdWRlQGZyZWVkb21hcmNoaXZlcy5vcmciLCJkIjoibWcyLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSIsInAiOjE3MzYyNzQ5OCwidCI6Im5ld3NsZXR0ZXIiLCJhIjoiZXZlcnlvbmUiLCJzIjo0NTc1OTYsImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJ0b3AiLCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzgsImV4cCI6MTc2OTQyOTAzOCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJlbyJ9.yEdC8xOe5lUIhqEeu2KlFIs0P0U13lBmUdC-W_pcPVo"
alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0"
style="height:1px !important;width:1px !important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<div class="preview"
style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">It
was the Soviet Union and China that defeated fascism in WWII.
Their heroic contribution was later erased by the West. In the
First Cold War, the US recruited former Nazis.</div>
<div class="preview"
style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">\u034f
\u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f
\u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 </div>
<table class="email-body-container" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="content" width="550"></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="content" width="550" align="left">
<div
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;max-width: 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-wrap: break-word;">
<table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="right" style="height:20px;">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span
class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secondary"
style="font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-size: 13px;color: unset;list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">
<div
class="pencraft pc-reset align-right-VJbKw5 size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ"
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-align: right;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><span
class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" translated=""
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">Forwarded
this email? <a
class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-underline-ClTkYc reset-IxiVJZ"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS5yZXBvcnQvc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZSZyPWx2cHBiJm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cuZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS5yZXBvcnQlMkZwJTJGdXNzci1jaGluYS13b3JsZC1hbnRpLWZhc2Npc3Qtd2FyIiwicCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJzIjo0NTc1OTYsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjM2NzUxNTgzLCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzcsImV4cCI6MjA4MjQxMzAzNywiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.dMKS0NZ2Q-vz9v5V9OShO5oXyO2BXDcRTY7y18wSJwg?"
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;-webkit-text-decoration-line: underline;text-decoration-line: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Subscribe
here</a> for more</span></div>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="post typography" dir="auto"
style="--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="post-header" role="region"
aria-label="Post header"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<h1 class="post-title published title-X77sOw"
dir="auto"
style="direction: auto;text-align: start;unicode-bidi: isolate;color: rgb(54,55,55);font-family: 'Roboto Slab',sans-serif;font-weight: 700;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 0;line-height: 36px;font-size: 32px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=173627498&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=lvppb&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzcsImV4cCI6MTc2OTQyOTAzNywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.1ZUInD-JZhnhrQEURl2QhoX42UtQazSApPuV0cS75pw"
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">When the USSR and China
saved humanity: How they won the World
Anti-Fascist War</a></h1>
<h3 class="subtitle subtitle-HEEcLo" dir="auto"
style="direction: auto;text-align: start;unicode-bidi: isolate;font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: normal;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 4px 0 0;color: #777777;line-height: 24px;font-size: 18px;margin-top: 12px;">It
was the Soviet Union and China that defeated
fascism in WWII. Their heroic contribution was
later erased by the West. In the First Cold War,
the US recruited former Nazis.</h3>
<table class="post-meta" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
style="margin: 1em 0;height: 20px;align-items: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<div
class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA custom-css-email-post-author"
style="list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><a
class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"
style="list-style: none;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;text-decoration: none"
href="https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton" moz-do-not-send="true">Ben
Norton</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<div
class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"
style="list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><time
datetime="2025-12-27T12:02:06.970Z">Dec 27, 2025</time></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td align="right">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a
href="https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fT6s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7a285060-91fa-40d8-8d5a-61dec6ab13ea_800x800.jpeg"
style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;max-width: 550px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;width: 40px;height: 40px;min-width: 40px;min-height: 40px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline"
width="40" height="40"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="email-ufi-2-top" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=173627498&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTc2NjgzNzAzNywiZXhwIjoxNzY5NDI5MDM3LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItNDU3NTk2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.H3DpL5D27va_7bPUigqm7MCkYqpDBbd6Vzbhz-sfwA8&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=lvppb"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"></td>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=173627498&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzcsImV4cCI6MTc2OTQyOTAzNywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.1ZUInD-JZhnhrQEURl2QhoX42UtQazSApPuV0cS75pw&r=lvppb&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"></td>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=173627498&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=lvppb&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzcsImV4cCI6MTc2OTQyOTAzNywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.1ZUInD-JZhnhrQEURl2QhoX42UtQazSApPuV0cS75pw"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"></td>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS9wL3Vzc3ItY2hpbmEtd29ybGQtYW50aS1mYXNjaXN0LXdhcj91dG1fc291cmNlPXN1YnN0YWNrJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXJlc3RhY2stY29tbWVudCZhY3Rpb249cmVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JnI9bHZwcGImdG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpvek5qYzFNVFU0TXl3aWNHOXpkRjlwWkNJNk1UY3pOakkzTkRrNExDSnBZWFFpT2pFM05qWTRNemN3TXpjc0ltVjRjQ0k2TVRjMk9UUXlPVEF6Tnl3aWFYTnpJam9pY0hWaUxUUTFOelU1TmlJc0luTjFZaUk2SW5CdmMzUXRjbVZoWTNScGIyNGlmUS4xWlVJbkQtSlpobmhyUUVVUmwyUWhvWDQyVXRRYXpTQXBQdVYwY1M3NXB3IiwicCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJzIjo0NTc1OTYsImYiOnRydWUsInUiOjM2NzUxNTgzLCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzcsImV4cCI6MjA4MjQxMzAzNywiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.EepJ-ossaybCgqYV5jJ3MMhCnJYgYKyPdhkTMhcsFeI?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td align="right">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://open.substack.com/pub/geopoliticaleconomy/p/ussr-china-world-anti-fascist-war?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store&utm_campaign=email-read-in-app"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<div
class="email-button-spacer"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 0;min-height: 18px;"></div>
<span
class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 4px">READ IN APP</span><img
class="icon text-icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post typography" dir="auto"
style="--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="body markup" dir="auto"
style="text-align: initial;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;width: 100%;word-break: break-word;margin-bottom: 16px;font-family: 'Roboto Slab',sans-serif;font-weight: 400;">
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;margin-top: 0;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1200" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/71a70ef8-3b57-478b-b095-333164a6e934?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7729ceb2-bb6f-4901-b031-6234851dc568_1920x1080.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":false,"imageSize":"large","height":819,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":1200,"bytes":366669,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/173627498?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7729ceb2-bb6f-4901-b031-6234851dc568_1920x1080.jpeg","isProcessing":false,"align":"center","offset":false}"
alt="" width="550" height="309.375"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WNWF!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7729ceb2-bb6f-4901-b031-6234851dc568_1920x1080.jpeg"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><em><strong><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/98c21942-0b5c-44ca-bcff-9f1a280dde09?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Leer en español aquí</a><span>.</span></strong></em></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">2025
marked the 80th anniversary of the defeat of
fascism in World War Two. Unfortunately, the
history of this extremely important conflict is
not very well understood today.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">It
was not the United States and its Western allies
that defeated fascism in WWII. That is a myth that
is promoted by Hollywood movies.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
reality, it was the Soviet Union and China that
defeated fascism in WWII. However, their heroic
contribution was later erased by the West, when
the US waged the First Cold War against the global
socialist movement.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
vast majority \u2014 approximately 80% \u2014 of Nazi
casualties were on the Eastern Front, in the Third
Reich\u2019s savage, scorched-earth battles against the
Soviet Red Army.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/b5d53efe-a21d-4822-ad2d-216612dcddc0?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">More than 26 million
Soviets died</a><span> in the Nazi empire\u2019s
genocidal war. Compare that to the just over
400,000 US Americans who died, and the roughly
450,000 Brits who lost their lives.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">This
means that 62 Soviets were killed for every US
American who died in WWII. Yet, tragically, their
sacrifice has been forgotten in the West \u2013 or,
better said, erased from public consciousness for
political reasons.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The
fact that the USSR defeated Nazi Germany was
even admitted by the inveterate anti-communist
Winston Churchill, an explicit racist,
colonialist, and </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d7398792-463d-42fb-9cc7-71857df3f4be?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">erstwhile admirer of
Hitler</a><span> who oversaw the British
empire\u2019s extreme crimes, including a </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/dbb1ab63-d13f-4ccb-980e-7bab0f488aa9?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">famine in Bengal in 1943</a><span>.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
a speech in August 1944, Churchill acknowledged:</p>
<blockquote
style="border-left: 4px solid #ad0000;margin: 20px 0;padding: 0;">
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin-left: 20px;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>\u201cI
have left the obvious, essential fact to this
point, namely, that </span><strong><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d71f161f-bcf7-4c1e-ba7c-7508b5afdc41?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">it is the Russian
Armies who have done the main work in
tearing the guts out of the German army</a></strong><span>.
In the air and on the oceans we could maintain
our place, but there was no force in the world
which could have been called into being,
except after several more years, that would
have been able to maul and break the German
army unless it had been subjected to the
terrible slaughter and manhandling that has
fallen to it through the strength of the
Russian Soviet Armies\u201d.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Then,
in October 1944, Churchill said, \u201cI have always
believed and I still believe that it is the Red
Army that has torn the guts out of the filthy
Nazis\u201d.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
fact, the USSR wanted to crush fascism even
earlier by proposing a surprise attack on Nazi
Germany in 1939, weeks before Hitler invaded
Poland. </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/56425d70-f63d-4553-9a86-4a69661b16bd?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Soviet military officers
made an official request</a><span> to British
and French officials to form an alliance against
Nazi Germany in August 1939, but London and
Paris were not interested. The USSR had a
million troops ready to fight, but the Western
European powers were not prepared.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">What
the capitalist countries in Western Europe and
North America had hoped for was that Nazi Germany
would attack the Soviet Union, which they
considered their main enemy. This is why the
Western imperial powers had long appeased Hitler,
signing shameful deals like the 1938 Munich
Agreement, which allowed the Nazi empire to expand
in Europe.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">What
the Western capitalist \u201cliberal democracies\u201d and
the fascist regimes shared in common was mutual
hatred of communism. The rich oligarchs who
controlled Western governments feared that they
would lose their privileges if workers in their
countries were inspired by the Bolshevik
Revolution.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
the 1930s, the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/08bff508-dbba-410d-b35a-674e8da610c4?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">US State Department spoke
positively of fascism</a><span> as an
alternative to communism, and the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/73b83558-cc45-45b3-bc55-86768dae7c17?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">US chargé d'affaires in
Germany praised the supposedly \u201cmore moderate
section</a><span> of the [Nazi] party, headed by
Hitler himself ... which appeal[s] to all
civilized and reasonable people\u201d.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">It
must be emphasized that, when the Japanese empire
officially allied with Nazi Germany in 1936, the
name of the deal they signed was the Agreement
Against the Communist International, or the
Anti-Comintern Pact. Benito Mussolini\u2019s fascist
regime in Italy subsequently signed the agreement
in 1937, and the fascist regimes in Spain,
Hungary, and other European countries joined in
the following years. It was extreme, violent
anti-communism that united all of these fascist
powers.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">While
there is widespread ignorance about the Soviet
Union\u2019s leading role in crushing Nazi Germany in
WWII, the heroic contribution that the people of
China made to the defeat of the Japanese empire is
even less well known.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">For
Europe, WWII began in 1939, when Nazi Germany
invaded Poland. For the people of China, the war
started much earlier, in 1931, when the Japanese
empire invaded the Manchuria region of northern
China.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">For
14 years, the people of China resisted Japan\u2019s
aggression, as the imperial regime sought to
colonize more and more Chinese territory.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>By
the end of the war in 1945, roughly </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/879f567a-057a-409f-b033-9b31038d3c0c?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">20 million Chinese had
lost their lives</a><span>. This means that
approximately 48 Chinese were killed for every
US American who died in WWII.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
China, WWII is known as the Chinese People\u2019s War
of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and it
was part of a larger conflict called the World
Anti-Fascist War.</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/bba17bd1-2b76-489e-89af-84711d47873f?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/76d318be-b04e-4562-9b7e-1559f70f7758_1880x1160.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":898,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":533278,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/173627498?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76d318be-b04e-4562-9b7e-1559f70f7758_1880x1160.jpeg","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="339.217032967033"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Tjf!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F76d318be-b04e-4562-9b7e-1559f70f7758_1880x1160.jpeg"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>China
held an important </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/f96bca7a-9adc-4df6-b6f7-33f6ce83ecf3?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">event on 3 September 2025
commemorating the 80th anniversary of the defeat
of fascism</a><span>. It featured key leaders of
countries that are today, once again, fighting
against imperialism and fascism, including
China\u2019s President Xi Jinping, Russia\u2019s President
Vladimir Putin, the DPRK\u2019s leader Kim Jong-un,
Iran\u2019s President Masoud Pezeshkian, and
officials from other countries in Asia, Africa,
and Latin America, including Cuba\u2019s President
Miguel Díaz-Canel and Nicaragua\u2019s representative
Laureano Ortega Murillo.</span></p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/9f679ee6-8ac8-4c5e-b67a-a1acd95b29a0?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c55e4d8a-8898-4593-82a3-6d74ad48affa_1880x1160.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":898,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":465240,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/173627498?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc55e4d8a-8898-4593-82a3-6d74ad48affa_1880x1160.jpeg","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="339.217032967033"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2GuS!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc55e4d8a-8898-4593-82a3-6d74ad48affa_1880x1160.jpeg"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
United States has long taken credit for the defeat
of the fascist Japanese empire, but this erases
the enormous, heroic, 14-year contribution made by
the Chinese people.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Although
it is true that the United States was briefly
allied with the USSR and China during WWII, and it
did provide significant military assistance
through its 1941 Lend-Lease Act, Washington
immediately terminated that partnership in 1945.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
fact, even before WWII officially ended, the
United States had already started to recruit
fascists to help them launch the Cold War. US
intelligence agencies saved many Nazi war
criminals in the infamous </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/c564c603-5eb4-4b92-b9ac-8517b3e690b7?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Operation Paperclip</a><span>.
Instead of facing justice, these genocidaires
assisted Washington in its subsequent attacks on
the Soviet Union and its communist allies in
Eastern Europe.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Later,
the CIA and NATO created </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/976e0126-4d6e-41dc-a4a5-540a18b6404a?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Operation Gladio</a><span>,
in which they used fascist war criminals as foot
soldiers of their new global imperialist war on
socialism. The former top Nazi military officer
Adolf Heusinger was appointed the chair of
NATO\u2019s military committee, and the ex Nazi Hans
Speidel became commander of NATO\u2019s land forces
in Central Europe. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The
United States even rehabilitated Nazi war
criminal Reinhard Gehlen, who had directed
Hitler\u2019s military intelligence on the Eastern
Front in WWII, and who later led the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/4f979bd1-8689-4aee-a347-6a6446ed334b?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">CIA-backed Gehlen
Organization</a><span> to help Washington wage
its cold war against communists.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
United States did not defeat fascism; it
rehabilitated and absorbed fascism into the
capitalist empire that Washington built after
WWII, centered in Wall Street and based on the
dollar.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
contemporary German government published the
results of a study in 2016, called the Rosenberg
project, which sifted through classified documents
from 1950 to 1973. It found that, at the height of
the Cold War, the government of capitalist West
Germany, which was a member of NATO, was full of
former Nazis. </p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
fact, </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/483646a6-7213-4178-9c34-63fee079d763?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">77% of senior officials
in West Germany\u2019s Justice Ministry had been
Nazis</a><span>. Ironically, there had been a
lower percentage of Nazi Party members in the
Justice Ministry in Berlin when the genocidal
dictator Adolf Hitler himself was in charge of
the Third Reich.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Similarly,
in Japan after WWII, US occupation forces
released Japanese war criminals from prison and
used them to construct an imperial client
regime. The </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d05da9b5-fd1a-4096-bf1d-096342abd229?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">CIA helped to create and
fund</a><span> the powerful Liberal Democratic
Party (LDP), which has essentially governed
Japan as a one-party state, with few exceptions,
since 1955.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Notorious
war criminal Nobusuke Kishi had overseen genocidal
crimes against humanity against the Chinese people
as an administrator of the Japanese empire\u2019s
puppet regime of Manchukuo, in Manchuria, during
WWII. After the war ended, the United States
strongly supported Kishi, who led the LDP,
established the de facto one-party state, and
became prime minister of the country.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Still
today, the Kishi dynasty is one of the most
powerful families in Japan. Kishi\u2019s grandson
Shinzo Abe also led the LDP and served as prime
minister from 2012 and 2020, closely allying Japan
with the United States, while antagonizing China
and rewriting the history of WWII.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
short, after the Soviet Union and China led the
fight to defeat fascism in WWII, the US empire
recruited fascists to fight its global war against
socialism.</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/333b6cfc-82f6-4d28-8748-ed3979d6bc8d?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9d4f2b21-1e1b-4aba-a866-43220fcb5b69_1880x1160.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":898,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":500741,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/173627498?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d4f2b21-1e1b-4aba-a866-43220fcb5b69_1880x1160.jpeg","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="339.217032967033"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt2I!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9d4f2b21-1e1b-4aba-a866-43220fcb5b69_1880x1160.jpeg"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Today,
it is extremely important to learn these facts and
correct the historical record, because 2025 is the
80th anniversary of the end of WWII, and it is
clear that the proper lessons have not been
learned in the West.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
planet is still plagued by extreme imperial
violence, and closer than ever to another world
war.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The
United States and Israel have been carrying out
a </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fa189351-c21c-4e47-8e74-d860d27ec65a?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">genocide against the
Palestinian people in Gaza</a><span>, committing
atrocities that are reminiscent of the fascists\u2019
crimes against humanity in WWII.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/1e1cbc15-39c0-458f-b553-bce36b61eb5c?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Fascism has its roots in
European colonialism</a><span>. The genocidal
tactics that the European empires used in Asia,
Africa, and Latin America were later used by the
fascists inside Europe.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Nazi
leader Adolf Hitler was inspired by the
genocidal crimes that the German empire had
committed in southern Africa, and also by the
genocide that the US colonialists had carried
out against indigenous peoples in North America.
The </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/311ebbd7-158e-430b-be54-e6e62278ee16?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Nazis were also
influenced by the US government\u2019s racist laws</a><span>
against Black Americans, in its apartheid system
known as Jim Crow.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Given
the close links between fascism and Western
imperialism, it is not surprising to see that,
today, the US regime has become increasingly
fascist. Politicians in Washington scapegoat
immigrants and foreigners for the many domestic
problems in their country, including the
significant growth in inequality, poverty, and
homelessness. They have no solutions other than
more violence, racism, and war.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
increasing political desperation and instability
in Washington is combining in a toxic mixture with
the greed of US corporations in the
military-industrial complex, which profit from
war, and are thus incentivized to push for more
conflict, not for peace.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
United States, as the leader of NATO, has already
been waging a proxy war against Russia in
Ukrainian territory, using the people of Ukraine
as cannon fodder in an imperial war, tragically
destroying an entire generation of Ukrainians in a
vain attempt to maintain US global hegemony.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
US empire has also used its Israeli attack dog to
wage war on the people of Iran, in an attempt to
overthrow the revolutionary government in Tehran
and impose a puppet regime, like the former king,
the shah, who was propped up by Washington.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
number one target of the US empire today, however,
is the People\u2019s Republic of China. US imperialists
fear that China is the only country powerful
enough to not only challenge but to defeat
Washington\u2019s global hegemony.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
US empire is waging a Second Cold War against
China, and it has weaponized everything in this
hybrid war, imposing sanctions and tariffs to wage
economic war, using its control over the dollar
system in a financial war, and exploiting the
media to spread disinformation and fake news as
part of an information war.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Part
of the US empire\u2019s strategy in this information
war is to erase the Chinese people\u2019s major
contribution to the defeat of fascism and
imperialism in WWII.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-bottom: 0;">This
is why it is so crucial to defend the facts, and
to teach the true history of WWII to people today.
If we don\u2019t correct the historical record, the
fascists and imperialists of the 21st century will
weaponize ignorance in order to carry out the same
crimes that their ideological brethren committed
in the 20th century.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-border"
style="margin: 32px 0 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 1px solid #e1e1e1;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;"></div>
<div class="post-cta typography markup"
style="--image-offset-margin: -120px;font-family: 'Roboto Slab',sans-serif;font-weight: 400;text-align: initial;word-break: break-word;margin-bottom: 32px;margin: 32px 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<p
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0 auto 20px;text-align: center;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-top: 0;"><span
class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ"
translated=""
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">You're
currently a free subscriber to <a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a3c9c20f-bd34-46a6-b6bd-14e34dafd1ae?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Geopolitical Economy
Report</a>. For the full experience, <a
href="https://substack.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.mtw81iaIwx169wM_XHlnRhm_D64JICx212vicqf37NQ?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta"
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">upgrade your
subscription.</a></span></p>
<p class="cta-box"
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0 auto 20px;width: 90%;line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-bottom: 0;text-align: center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;"><a
class="button primary" role="button"
href="https://substack.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.mtw81iaIwx169wM_XHlnRhm_D64JICx212vicqf37NQ?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;cursor: pointer;border: none;height: 40px;border-radius: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 20px;font-weight: 600;text-align: center;padding: 10px 20px;margin: 0;opacity: 1;outline: none;white-space: nowrap;color: #ffffff !important;text-decoration: none !important;background-color: #ad0000;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Upgrade to paid</a></p>
</div>
<table class="email-ufi-2-bottom" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" style="margin:0 auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=173627498&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTc2NjgzNzAzNywiZXhwIjoxNzY5NDI5MDM3LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItNDU3NTk2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.H3DpL5D27va_7bPUigqm7MCkYqpDBbd6Vzbhz-sfwA8&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=lvppb"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;">Like</span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=173627498&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTczNjI3NDk4LCJpYXQiOjE3NjY4MzcwMzcsImV4cCI6MTc2OTQyOTAzNywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.1ZUInD-JZhnhrQEURl2QhoX42UtQazSApPuV0cS75pw&r=lvppb&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;">Comment</span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"></td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://substack.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.EepJ-ossaybCgqYV5jJ3MMhCnJYgYKyPdhkTMhcsFeI?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;">Restack</span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td align="right">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="footer footer-ZM59BM"
style="color: rgb(119,119,119);text-align: center;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding: 24px0;">
<div
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding-bottom: 24px">
<p
class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ small meta-B2bqa5"
style="list-style: none;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: unset;">©
2025 <span>Benjamin Norton</span><br>
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA
94104 </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>