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Let the Sudanese People Walk
toward Peace: The Forty-Sixth
Newsletter (2025) </td>
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Backed by foreign powers, the
Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and
Rapid Support Forces (RSF) are
locked in a bloody war with
devastating consequences for the
Sudanese people. </td>
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alt="" width="1024"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Reem-Aljeally-Sudan-Ribbon-Line-2025-1024x1012.jpg 1024w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Reem-Aljeally-Sudan-Ribbon-Line-2025-300x297.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Reem-Aljeally-Sudan-Ribbon-Line-2025-768x759.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Reem-Aljeally-Sudan-Ribbon-Line-2025-1536x1519.jpg 1536w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Reem-Aljeally-Sudan-Ribbon-Line-2025.jpg 1600w"
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style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Reem
Aljeally (Sudan), <i>Ribbon
Line</i>, 2025.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Dear
friends,</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
from the desk of
Tricontinental: Institute
for Social Research.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">In
early November, United
Nations (UN)
Secretary-General António
Guterres <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=6909bdcb64&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">addressed</a>
the \u2018horrifying crisis in
Sudan, which is spiralling
out of control\u2019. He urged
the warring parties to
\u2018bring an end to this
nightmare of violence \u2013
now\u2019. There is a path to end
the war, but there is simply
no political will to enforce
it. In May 2025, we <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=17d352abf2&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">wrote
about</a> the history of
the conflict. In 2019, we <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9ba069b04c&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">explained</a>
the uprising that took place
that year as well as its
aftermath. Now, from
Tricontinental: Institute
for Social Research, the
International Peoples\u2019
Assembly, and Pan Africanism
Today, comes <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d8245cad8d&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">red
alert no. 21</a>
<!-- Red Alert Link to be attached before publication -->on
the need for peace in Sudan.</p>
<div
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alt="" width="1024"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Red-Alert-21-Cards_EN_TT-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Red-Alert-21-Cards_EN_TT-300x158.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Red-Alert-21-Cards_EN_TT-768x403.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Red-Alert-21-Cards_EN_TT-1536x806.jpg 1536w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Red-Alert-21-Cards_EN_TT-2048x1075.jpg 2048w"
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style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></div>
<h3
style="margin: 2em 0;display: block;padding: 0;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-weight: bold;line-height: 125%;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;">What
is the reality on the ground
in Sudan?</h3>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">On
15 April 2023, war broke out
between the Sudanese Armed
Forces (SAF) \u2013 led by the
head of the Transitional
Military Council, General
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan \u2013 and
the Rapid Support Forces
(RSF) \u2013 led by Lieutenant
General Mohamed \u2018Hemedti\u2019
Hamdan Dagalo. Since then,
backed by various
governments from outside of
Sudan, the two sides have
fought a terrible war of
attrition in which civilians
are the main victims. It is
impossible to say how many
people have died, but
clearly the death toll is
significant. One <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=76b3b8e290&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">estimate</a>
found that between April
2023 and June 2024 alone the
number of casualties was as
high as 150,000, and several
crimes against humanity
committed by both sides have
already been documented by
various human rights
organisations. At least 14.5
million Sudanese of the
population of 51 million
have been <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=0fe9429de2&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">displaced</a>.
The people who live in the
belt between El Fasher,
North Darfur, and Kadugli,
South Kordofan, are
struggling from acute hunger
and famine. A recent <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d355f32cd7&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">analysis</a>
by the UN\u2019s Integrated Food
Security Phase
Classification found that
around 21.2 million Sudanese
\u2013 45% of the population \u2013
face high levels of acute
food insecurity, with
375,000 people across the
country facing
\u2018catastrophic\u2019 levels of
hunger (i.e., on the brink
of starvation).</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Since
the war began, hundreds of
thousands of internally
displaced people sought
refuge in El Fasher, then
held largely by the SAF.
Roughly 260,000 civilians
were still there in October
2025 when the RSF broke the
resistance, entered the
city, and carried out a
number of documented
massacres. Among those <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=c5e200507b&e=d206d0a40d"
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moz-do-not-send="true">killed</a>
were 460 patients and their
companions at the Saudi
Maternity Hospital. The
city\u2019s fall has meant that
the RSF is now largely in
control of the vast province
of Darfur, while the SAF
holds much of eastern Sudan
\u2013 including Port Sudan, the
country\u2019s access to the sea
and international trade \u2013 as
well as the capital city of
Khartoum.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">There
is no sign of de-escalation
at present.</p>
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style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-131470" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Salah
Elmur (Sudan), <i>Farewell
Wall</i>, 2024.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<h3
style="margin: 2em 0;display: block;padding: 0;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-weight: bold;line-height: 125%;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;">Why
are the SAF and the RSF
fighting?</h3>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">No
war of this scale has one
simple cause. The political
reason is straightforward:
this is a counter-revolution
against the 2019 popular
uprising that succeeded in
ousting President Omar
al-Bashir, who governed from
1993 and whose last years in
power were marked by rising
inflation and social crisis.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">The
left and popular forces
behind the 2019 uprising \u2013
which included the Sudanese
Communist Party, the
National Consensus Forces,
the Sudanese Professional
Association, the Sudan
Revolutionary Front, the
Women of Sudanese Civic and
Political Groups, and many
local resistance and
neighbourhood committees \u2013
forced the military to agree
to oversee the transition to
a civilian government. With
the assistance of the
African Union, the
Transitional Sovereignty
Council was established,
composed of five military
and six civilian members.
Abdalla Hamdok was appointed
prime minister and judge
Nemat Abdullah Khair chief
justice, with al-Burhan and
Hemedti on the council as
well. The military-civilian
government wrecked the
economy further by floating
the currency and privatising
the state, thereby making
gold smuggling more
lucrative and strengthening
the RSF (this government
also signed the Abraham
Accords, which normalised
relations with Israel). The
policies of the
military-civilian government
exacerbated the conditions
toward the showdown over
power (control over the
security state) and wealth
(control over the gold
trade).</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Despite
their roles on the council,
al-Burhan and Hemedti
attempted coups until
succeeding in 2021. Having
set aside the civilians, the
two military leaders went
after each other. The SAF
officers sought to preserve
their command over the state
apparatus, which in 2019
absorbed 82% of the state\u2019s
<a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=6be28bd999&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">budgetary</a>
resources (as confirmed by
Prime Minister Abdalla
Hamdok in 2020). They also
moved to retain control of
its enterprises, running
more than 200 companies
through entities such as the
SAF-controlled Defence
Industries System (<a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9a3e261639&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">estimated</a>
$2 billion in annual
revenue) and <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9600abaa5b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">capturing</a>
a significant share of
Sudan\u2019s formal economy
across mining,
telecommunications, and
import-export commodity
trade. The RSF
<!-- Suggest for flow **NO change to information**: These policies ultimately exacerbated the conditions for the eventual breakout of war. Despite their roles on the council, al-Burhan and Hemedti attempted coups until they succeeded in 2021. Having seized the state, the two military leaders went after each other, each vying for power \u2013 control of the security state \u2013 and wealth \u2013 control of the gold trade. General al-Burhan\u2019s SAF sought to preserve its command over the state apparatus and its enterprises. For decades, SAF officers have dominated the economy, controlling 82% of budgetary resources in 2019 (as confirmed by Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok in 2020). The SAF also controls more than 200 state-linked companies through entities like the Defence Industries System (estimated $2 billion in annual revenue), capturing a significant share of Sudan\u2019s formal economy across mining, telecommunications, and import-export commodity trade. Hemedti\u2019s RSF... --><!-- Agree -->\u2013
rooted in the <i>Janja\u2019wid</i>
(devils on horseback)
militia \u2013 tried to leverage
the autonomous war economy
centralised around the Al
Junaid Multi-Activities
Corporation, which controls
major gold-producing areas
in Darfur and about <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=db17b767ab&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">half
a dozen</a> mining sites,
including Jebel Amer. Since
50\u201380% of Sudan\u2019s overall
gold production is <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=48b920962f&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">smuggled</a>
(as of 2022) \u2013 mainly to the
UAE \u2013 rather than officially
exported, and since the RSF
dominates production in
western Sudan\u2019s artisanal
mining zones (which account
for 80\u201385% of total
production), the RSF
captures huge sums from gold
revenue every year (<a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=ca2f5887cb&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">estimated
</a>at $860 million from
Darfur mines alone in 2024).</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Beneath
these political and material
contests lie ecological
pressures that compound the
crisis. Part of the reason
for the long conflict in
Darfur has been the
desiccation of the Sahel.
For decades, erratic
rainfall and heatwaves due
to the climate catastrophe
have expanded the Sahara
Desert southward, making
water resources a cause of
conflict and sparking <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=728875c1e4&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">clashes</a>
between nomads and settled
farmers. <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=939d78fa54&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Half</a>
of Sudan\u2019s population now
lives with acute food
insecurity. The failure to
create an economic plan for
a population wracked by
rapid changes in weather
patterns \u2013 alongside the
theft of resources by a
small elite \u2013 leaves Sudan
vulnerable to long-term
conflict. This is not just a
war between two strong
personalities, but a
struggle over the
transformation of resources
and their plunder by outside
powers. A ceasefire
agreement is once more on
the table, but the
likelihood that it will be
accepted or upheld is very
low as long as resources
remain the shining prize for
the various armed groups.</p>
<div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
<div id="attachment_131500"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-131500"
class="size-full wp-image-131500 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Omer-Khairy-Sudan-Market-Scene-1975.jpg"
alt="" width="1024"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Omer-Khairy-Sudan-Market-Scene-1975.jpg 1024w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Omer-Khairy-Sudan-Market-Scene-1975-300x208.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Omer-Khairy-Sudan-Market-Scene-1975-768x533.jpg 768w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-131500" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Omer
Khairy (Sudan), <i>Market
Scene</i>, 1975.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<h3
style="margin: 2em 0;display: block;padding: 0;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-weight: bold;line-height: 125%;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;">What
are the possibilities of
peace in Sudan?</h3>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">A
path toward peace in Sudan
would require six elements:</p>
<ol>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">An
immediate, monitored
ceasefire that includes
the creation of
humanitarian corridors for
the transit of food and
medicines. These corridors
would be under the
leadership of the
Resistance Committees,
which have the democratic
credibility and networks
to deliver aid directly to
those in need.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">An
end to the war economy,
specifically shutting down
the gold and weapons
pipelines. This would
include imposing strict
sanctions on the sale of
weapons to and the
purchase of gold from the
UAE until it severs all
relations with the RSF.
Export controls at Port
Sudan must be implemented
as well.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
safe return of political
exiles and the start of a
process to rebuild
political institutions
under a civilian
government elected or
supported by the popular
forces \u2013 mainly the
Resistance Committees. The
SAF must be stripped of
its political power and
economic assets and
subjugated to the
government. The RSF must
be disarmed and
demobilised.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
immediate reconstruction
of Sudan\u2019s higher
judiciary to investigate
and prosecute those
responsible for
atrocities.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
immediate creation of a
process of accountability
that includes the
prosecution of warlords
through a properly
constituted court in
Sudan.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
immediate reconstruction
of Sudan\u2019s planning
commission and its
ministry of finance to
shift surplus from export
enclaves toward public
goods and social
protections.</li>
</ol>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">These
six points elaborate upon
the three pillars of the
African Union and the
Intergovernmental Authority
on Development\u2019s <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=b2950fa1c1&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">AU-IGAD
Joint Roadmap for the
Resolution of the Conflict
in Sudan</a> (2023). The
difficulty with this roadmap
\u2013 as with similar proposals
\u2013 is that it is dependent on
donors, including actors
that are implicated in the
violence. For these six
points to become a reality,
outside powers must be
pressured to end their
backing of the SAF and the
RSF. These include Egypt,
the European Union, Qatar,
Russia, Saudi Arabia, the
UAE, and the United States.
Neither this roadmap nor the
Jeddah channel \u2013 a Saudi-US
mediation track launched in
2023 that focuses on short
truces and humanitarian
access \u2013 includes Sudanese
civilian groups, least of
all the Resistance
Committees.</p>
<div
class="single-post--content--media-block single-post--content--image"
style="text-align:center; margin:3em 0;">
<div id="attachment_131460"
class="wp-caption alignnone"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async"
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-131460"
class="size-large wp-image-131460 img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kamala-Ibrahim-Ishaq-Sudan-Loneliness-1987-1020x1024.jpg"
alt="" width="1020"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kamala-Ibrahim-Ishaq-Sudan-Loneliness-1987-1020x1024.jpg 1020w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kamala-Ibrahim-Ishaq-Sudan-Loneliness-1987-300x300.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kamala-Ibrahim-Ishaq-Sudan-Loneliness-1987-150x150.jpg 150w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kamala-Ibrahim-Ishaq-Sudan-Loneliness-1987-768x771.jpg 768w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Kamala-Ibrahim-Ishaq-Sudan-Loneliness-1987.jpg 1212w"
sizes="auto, (max-width: 1020px) 100vw, 1020px" border="0"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<p
id="caption-attachment-131460" class="wp-caption-text"
style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;"><small>Kamala
Ibrahim Ishaq (Sudan),
<i>Loneliness</i>,
1987.</small></p>
</div>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Though
Sudan has produced its share
of poets who sing of pain
and suffering, let us end on
a different note. In 1961,
the communist poet Taj
el-Sir el-Hassan (1935\u20132013)
wrote \u2018An Afro-Asian Song\u2019,
which begins by
commemorating the Kosti
massacre at Joudeh in 1956,
when 194 striking peasants
were suffocated to death
while in police custody. But
it is to the end of the song
that we turn, the voice of
the poet ringing above the
gunfire:</p>
<blockquote
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">In
the heart of Africa I
stand in the vanguard,<br>
and as far as Bandung my
sky is spreading.<br>
The olive sapling is my
shade and courtyard,<br>
O my comrades:<br>
O vanguard comrades,
leading my people to
glory,<br>
your candles are soaking
my heart in green light.<br>
I\u2019ll sing the closing
stanza,<br>
to my beloved land;<br>
to my fellows in Asia;<br>
to the Malaya,<br>
and the vibrant Bandung.</p>
</blockquote>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">To
the people of El Fasher, to
those in Khartoum, to my
comrades in Port Sudan: walk
toward peace.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
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