<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body style="font-kerning: auto;--image-offset-margin: -120px;"
class="email-body">
<div class="moz-forward-container"><img
src="https://eotrx.substackcdn.com/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjUwNzI3MjA1NjE0LjMuNjQ5YzEzOGU0YzY3YTkwYUBtZzIuc3Vic3RhY2suY29tPiIsInUiOjM2NzUxNTgzLCJyIjoiY2xhdWRlQGZyZWVkb21hcmNoaXZlcy5vcmciLCJkIjoibWcyLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSIsInAiOjE2OTM5ODQxOCwidCI6Im5ld3NsZXR0ZXIiLCJhIjoiZXZlcnlvbmUiLCJzIjo0NTc1OTYsImMiOiJwb3N0IiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwicG9zaXRpb24iOiJ0b3AiLCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTQsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5NCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJlbyJ9.Z7kg_vH7G7XXQen-8iHs1nT2eB35gmXm1yoYWi3XWhE"
alt="" width="1" height="1" border="0"
style="height:1px !important;width:1px !important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0 !important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0 !important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<div class="preview"
style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">Donald
Trump is withdrawing the US from UN bodies, tearing up climate
change treaties, and attacking multilateral orgs -- just like
the presidents before him. Imperialism is bipartisan in
Washington.</div>
<div class="preview"
style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">\u034f
\u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f
\u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007 \u034f \u2007
\u034f \u2007 </div>
<table class="email-body-container" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br>
</td>
<td class="content" width="550"><br>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br>
</td>
<td class="content" width="550" align="left">
<div
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;max-width: 550px;width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;overflow-wrap: break-word;">
<table role="presentation" width="100%" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="right" style="height:20px;">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;"><span
class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ tw-font-body tw-text-ssm tw-text-substack-secondary"
style="font-family: SF Pro Text, -apple-system, system-ui, BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, Segoe UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji, Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol;font-size: 13px;color: unset;list-style: none;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">
<div
class="pencraft pc-reset align-right-VJbKw5 size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ"
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-align: right;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;"><span
class="pencraft pc-reset reset-IxiVJZ" translated=""
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;">Forwarded
this email? <a
class="pencraft pc-reset decoration-underline-ClTkYc reset-IxiVJZ"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS5yZXBvcnQvc3Vic2NyaWJlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9ZW1haWwmdXRtX2NhbXBhaWduPWVtYWlsLXN1YnNjcmliZSZyPWx2cHBiJm5leHQ9aHR0cHMlM0ElMkYlMkZ3d3cuZ2VvcG9saXRpY2FsZWNvbm9teS5yZXBvcnQlMkZwJTJGdHJ1bXAtaW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbC1sYXctdXMtaW1wZXJpYWxpc20iLCJwIjoxNjkzOTg0MTgsInMiOjQ1NzU5NiwiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidSI6MzY3NTE1ODMsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoyMDY5MjI1NzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.XtiSROg4OOUBQymYwP81USL5tYBsDWTEGt4mnQHVUzc?"
style="list-style: none;color: unset;text-decoration: unset;margin: 0;-webkit-text-decoration-line: underline;text-decoration-line: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Subscribe
here</a> for more</span></div>
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="post typography" dir="auto"
style="--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="post-header" role="region"
aria-label="Post header"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<h1 class="post-title published"
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);font-family: 'Roboto Slab',sans-serif;font-weight: 700;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 0;line-height: 36px;font-size: 32px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=post-email-title&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=lvppb&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M"
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Trump's blatant attacks
on international law are nothing new for the US.
They're bipartisan.</a></h1>
<h3 class="subtitle"
style="font-family: 'SF Pro Display',-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: normal;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;-webkit-appearance: optimizelegibility;-moz-appearance: optimizelegibility;appearance: optimizelegibility;margin: 4px 0 0;color: #777777;line-height: 24px;font-size: 18px;margin-top: 12px;">Donald
Trump is withdrawing the US from UN bodies,
tearing up climate change treaties, and attacking
multilateral orgs -- just like the presidents
before him. Imperialism is bipartisan in
Washington.</h3>
<table class="post-meta" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
style="margin: 1em 0;height: 20px;align-items: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<div
class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA custom-css-email-post-author"
style="list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><a
class="pencraft pc-reset color-primary-zABazT line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"
style="list-style: none;color: rgb(54,55,55);margin: 0;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;text-decoration: none"
href="https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton" moz-do-not-send="true">Ben
Norton</a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<div
class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s line-height-20-t4M0El font-meta-MWBumP size-11-NuY2Zx weight-medium-fw81nC transform-uppercase-yKDgcq reset-IxiVJZ meta-EgzBVA"
style="list-style: none;font-size: 11px;line-height: 20px;text-decoration: unset;color: rgb(119,119,119);margin: 0;font-family: 'SF Compact',-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';font-weight: 500;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: .2px;"><time
datetime="2025-07-27T20:56:25.093Z">Jul 27, 2025</time></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td align="right">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a
href="https://substack.com/@benjaminnorton" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="custom-css-email-avatar avatar-QIQ5yR"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fT6s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7a285060-91fa-40d8-8d5a-61dec6ab13ea_800x800.jpeg"
style="box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 500000px;max-width: 550px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;width: 40px;height: 40px;min-width: 40px;min-height: 40px;object-fit: cover;margin: 0px;display: inline"
width="40" height="40"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="email-ufi-2-top" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoxNzU2MjQxNzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItNDU3NTk2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.hULKHyYyKGAfs80GuopEljX89dVnwim_TKiYnP-IPZA&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=lvppb"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"><br>
</td>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M&r=lvppb&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"><br>
</td>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&utm_campaign=email-share&action=share&triggerShare=true&isFreemail=true&r=lvppb&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"><br>
</td>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="38" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-icon-button"
href="https://substack.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.2LlN5XWHv03cNxOZbKjCtYld_zcvyOCtlwJuQnXm-UA?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 1;padding: 9px 0;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);min-width: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;width: 38px"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td align="right">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://open.substack.com/pub/geopoliticaleconomy/p/trump-international-law-us-imperialism?utm_source=email&redirect=app-store&utm_campaign=email-read-in-app"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 4px">READ IN APP</span><img
class="icon text-icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post typography" dir="auto"
style="--image-offset-margin: -120px;padding: 32px 0 0 0;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;">
<div class="body markup" dir="auto"
style="text-align: initial;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;width: 100%;word-break: break-word;margin-bottom: 16px;font-family: 'Roboto Slab',sans-serif;font-weight: 400;">
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;margin-top: 0;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1200" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/c8fbbf62-a911-4720-99e7-1f3215339578?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3cb81180-f198-454f-8af8-014c9f1dce03_1920x1080.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":false,"imageSize":"large","height":819,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":1200,"bytes":264511,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":false,"topImage":true,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cb81180-f198-454f-8af8-014c9f1dce03_1920x1080.jpeg","isProcessing":false,"align":"center","offset":false}"
alt="" width="550" height="309.375"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cw8J!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cb81180-f198-454f-8af8-014c9f1dce03_1920x1080.jpeg"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
Donald Trump administration has launched many
frontal attacks on multilateral organizations and
international law.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">However,
these clear violations of international law are
nothing new for US presidents. Opposition to
multilateralism has been a bipartisan feature of
US politics for many decades.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
February, Trump withdrew the United States from
the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), repeating an
action he had done back in 2018, during his first
term.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
Trump administration also attacked the UN Relief
and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the
Near East (UNRWA), and announced that he had cut
US funding for both UNRWA and the UNHRC.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Then,
in July, Trump withdrew the United States from
UNESCO, the United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The
</span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a2caccc7-2744-4cbe-9372-1c33d3af39f9?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">US State Department
complained</a><span> that \u201cUNESCO\u2019s decision to
admit the \u2018State of Palestine\u2019 as a Member State
is highly problematic, contrary to U.S. policy,
and contributed to the proliferation of
anti-Israel rhetoric within the organization\u201d.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>During
his first term, back in 2017, Trump had also </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/8847ffee-b2b9-4e6e-a396-266f8ab5bc6c?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">withdrawn the US from
UNESCO</a><span>. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
superficial contrast to Trump, the Joe Biden
administration cynically employed rhetoric about
multilateralism. But it was just marketing,
because Washington still acted in an aggressive,
unilateral manner. </p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
2021, Biden had the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/bfa79bad-a8b5-4b28-b66c-e049119b3ebb?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">US rejoin the UNHRC</a><span>.
His Secretary of State Antony Blinken insisted
that Washington was upholding the so-called \u201c</span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/381a8e90-4cb9-4b90-961f-8c938f26dda6?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">rules-based international
order</a><span>\u201d.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
2023, the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/53db570d-4ebe-48a6-9cf6-5009b142fcf6?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Biden administration even
rejoined UNESCO</a><span> \u2014 although this was
the same year that the US government sponsored a
</span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d57b21d5-2f0d-46ac-8425-e10661c34dd1?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">genocide in Gaza</a><span>,
flooded </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/46959f2e-01e0-449d-95b3-d6211cc7650b?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Israel with $18 billion
in military aid</a><span>, and unilaterally </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/1c1c9503-9262-4ab6-88bc-b5f9f749c7ee?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">vetoed numerous UN
Security Council resolutions</a><span> that
called for a ceasefire.</span></p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/607d9d79-91d5-45ea-8bbf-7e2743038b34?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2f9e43a5-c51e-4d6e-bec9-6e9589bad348_1562x897.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":836,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":1548086,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f9e43a5-c51e-4d6e-bec9-6e9589bad348_1562x897.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="315.7967032967033"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8CWC!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f9e43a5-c51e-4d6e-bec9-6e9589bad348_1562x897.png"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
fact, Trump took credit in 2025 for suspending
US funding for UNRWA, the UN Palestine refugees
agency, but Reuters published a fact check
noting that it had already been </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a6e409fd-7a19-4153-a432-da60a1a26ff1?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">halted by the Biden
administration in 2024</a><span>.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Again,
opposition to international law is bipartisan in
Washington.</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/10fe77e1-5c4e-47b8-9611-7755d8b03ad2?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/758f882b-1789-4d29-acf1-312a70c5f1c7_1624x784.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":703,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":104521,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F758f882b-1789-4d29-acf1-312a70c5f1c7_1624x784.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="265.55631868131866"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Y07e!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F758f882b-1789-4d29-acf1-312a70c5f1c7_1624x784.png"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">Democratic
critics have depicted Trump as a unique threat
over his flagrant opposition to international law.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The
corporate media has often repeated this </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/3bf88ae0-773a-4d79-ae6e-4b05335535b5?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">deceptive trope</a><span>,
spinning the narrative that the US government
supported multilateralism and international law
until Trump came along and blew it all up. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">This
is completely false, ahistorical, and absurd. </p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">One
does not need to go back far in history to see the
myriad examples of Washington blatantly attacking
international law.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>George
W. </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/ddc91e34-b0aa-4899-8305-871af2d6238e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Bush signed the Hague
Invasion Act</a><span> in 2002, threatening
military intervention if the Hague ever tried US
officials or their allies. That same year, he
also </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/212ce66a-cef4-419b-988b-0d9ea6e2ceb0?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">"unsigned" the treaty</a><span>
establishing the International Criminal Court
(ICC). </span></p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/25ad4ef3-ad10-440a-aa51-8afda01552ad?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/943bce67-2872-4345-bfc8-d28bd4c206e8_1768x797.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":656,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":235914,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F943bce67-2872-4345-bfc8-d28bd4c206e8_1768x797.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="247.8021978021978"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_fiY!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F943bce67-2872-4345-bfc8-d28bd4c206e8_1768x797.png"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>When
the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/b284d08c-4ed4-414d-a20c-8e69aaf39862?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Trump White House imposed
sanctions on the ICC</a><span> in February 2025,
it cited the Bush-era Hague Invasion Act
(officially called the American Servicemembers\u2019
Protection Act) to justify the aggressive
action.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Bush
similarly </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fbb4ed65-93b3-443b-9aba-68b99f972723?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">withdrew from a major
international treaty on climate change</a><span>
in 2001. Trump later did the same, pulling out
of the Paris Agreement, which is a </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a964fce7-c1f6-4701-ba62-76c21086bfcd?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">legally binding
international treaty</a><span> under the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Then,
of course, Bush invaded Iraq in a criminal war
of aggression, which UN Secretary General </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/3680706f-7d2b-4920-b0f9-4e9ff3818b04?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Kofi Annan said clearly
violated international law</a><span>. A </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/59b4b64a-fa9a-46de-b0a8-9d458e6ed1aa?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">million Iraqis died</a><span>
due to this illegal imperial war.</span></p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/404d2591-41fd-4c98-9122-68227932eb2e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e3989002-ad99-41d5-bd02-2237a3073405_1722x580.jpeg","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":490,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":140761,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/jpeg","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3989002-ad99-41d5-bd02-2237a3073405_1722x580.jpeg","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="185.09615384615384"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7p69!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3989002-ad99-41d5-bd02-2237a3073405_1722x580.jpeg"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">It
is not just Republicans who wage these political
wars on international law; Democrats do as well.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>You
know who helped establish the precedent for
attacking UNESCO? Barack Obama. He </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/a4ceebf1-6e5f-4516-803e-b32a3a378c60?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">cut US funding for UNESCO
in 2011</a><span>, after the UN body voted to
admit Palestine. </span></p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1456" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/af00b12d-0fae-4e4a-8772-75d5800734ea?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b4fcb643-1f0a-4c10-9eee-67c479b7b441_1489x964.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":943,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":168064,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4fcb643-1f0a-4c10-9eee-67c479b7b441_1489x964.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="356.21565934065933"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pxVZ!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb4fcb643-1f0a-4c10-9eee-67c479b7b441_1489x964.png"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Obama
then went on, in 2016, to sign the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/d75d14ba-e9d6-49d0-94c0-a447adeaa1fa?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">biggest deal for US
military aid</a><span> to the Israeli colonial
regime in history, at a neat $38 billion. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Likewise,
Obama waged wars on Syria, Libya, and Yemen, not
to mention his </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/6acec2f9-15ce-4818-a3bc-c9437f0a0b1e?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">drone wars</a><span> in
Pakistan and Somalia and his continuation of the
US military occupation of Afghanistan. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>Ronald
Reagan had a lot of similarities with Donald
Trump, too. In 1983-84, decades before Trump
came to power, </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/7f43eda8-4817-452f-8ac7-92d22268e818?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Reagan withdrew the US
from UNESCO</a><span>. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">The
Reagan administration complained that the UN body
was "collectivist", discussed disarmament (read:
peace) proposals, and considered the New
International Economic Order that was demanded by
the formerly colonized countries of the Global
South. </p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">A
US State Department official under Reagan also
attacked the International Labor Organization
(ILO), United Nations environmental program, Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and International
Telecommunications Union, the New York Times
reported at the time.</p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;margin: 32px auto;">
<figure style="width: 100%;margin: 0 auto;">
<table class="image-wrapper" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
data-component-name="Image2ToDOMStatic"
style="mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" align="left"
width="1393" style="text-align: center;"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/4c3ce8a9-a975-4db5-a1b0-5b2afe4c1539?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="position: relative;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;padding: 0;width: auto;height: auto;border: none;text-decoration: none;display: block;margin: 0;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="wide-image"
data-attrs="{"src":"https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/43c9da97-5fc7-446b-94de-892f7685644b_1393x694.png","srcNoWatermark":null,"fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":694,"width":1393,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":84279,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"topImage":false,"internalRedirect":"https://www.geopoliticaleconomy.report/i/169398418?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43c9da97-5fc7-446b-94de-892f7685644b_1393x694.png","isProcessing":false,"align":null,"offset":false}"
alt="" width="550"
height="274.01292175161524"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bZPs!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43c9da97-5fc7-446b-94de-892f7685644b_1393x694.png"
style="border: none !important;vertical-align: middle;display: block;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;height: auto;margin-bottom: 0;width: auto !important;max-width: 100% !important;margin: 0 auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
the 1980s, Reagan spat in the face of
international law by waging numerous criminal wars
of aggression.</p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>In
1983, the </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fa7d501c-a569-4bde-8261-d9246e5df0de?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">US invaded the small
Caribbean nation of Grenada</a><span>, to
violently overthrow its revolutionary
anti-imperialist government.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><span>The
Reagan administration also launched a </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/08a589ca-bd31-474a-9268-7afe6c6abf16?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">bloody war against
Nicaragua</a><span>, resorting to terrorist
tactics and far-right death squads in a
desperate attempt to overthrow its leftist
Sandinista government.</span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/3d4b277a-c06d-483a-93ce-4ed8ea8038ba?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Nicaragua filed a lawsuit
against the United States</a><span> in 1984 at
the UN's International Court of Justice (ICJ).
The US regime lost this case, but Washington
refused to </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/e41b82a2-80ba-4fcd-a09c-22b49d7fcfb2?j=eyJ1IjoibHZwcGIifQ.9RIwWbE6EVIB7Jy8lfazxZKfps8R18neRGMKwOiqnRM"
rel=""
style="color: rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">pay reparations to
Nicaragua</a><span>, which are still legally
owed to this day. </span></p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;">In
short, what Donald Trump is doing today \u2014
withdrawing the US from UN bodies, tearing up
climate change treaties, and attacking
multilateral organizations \u2014 is exactly what the
US empire has done for decades, regardless of who
the president of the regime is. </p>
<p
style="margin: 0 0 20px 0;color: rgb(54,55,55);line-height: 26px;font-size: 16px;margin-bottom: 0;">Trump
himself is not the sole problem; he is a symptom
of the deep structural rot. The problem is US
imperialism, and it is thoroughly bipartisan.</p>
</div>
</div>
<table class="email-ufi-2-bottom" role="presentation"
width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);min-width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" style="margin:0 auto;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTc1MzY0OTc5MywiZXhwIjoxNzU2MjQxNzkzLCJpc3MiOiJwdWItNDU3NTk2Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.hULKHyYyKGAfs80GuopEljX89dVnwim_TKiYnP-IPZA&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-reaction&r=lvppb"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PeVs!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;">Like</span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=457596&post_id=169398418&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNjc1MTU4MywicG9zdF9pZCI6MTY5Mzk4NDE4LCJpYXQiOjE3NTM2NDk3OTMsImV4cCI6MTc1NjI0MTc5MywiaXNzIjoicHViLTQ1NzU5NiIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.uqbpvEgFl8xNYLQc2z-uxcvRF0W66yz6VAmg7Emty5M&r=lvppb&utm_campaign=email-half-magic-comments&action=post-comment&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;">Comment</span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td width="8"
style="min-width: 8px"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align:middle;">
<table role="presentation"
width="auto" border="0"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a
class="email-button-outline"
href="https://substack.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.2LlN5XWHv03cNxOZbKjCtYld_zcvyOCtlwJuQnXm-UA?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;border: 1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius: 9999px;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;padding: 9px 14px;text-decoration: none;color: rgb(119,119,119);"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="icon"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5EGt!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FNoteForwardIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2"
width="18"
height="18"
style="margin-right: 8px;min-width: 18px;min-height: 18px;border: none;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 18px"
alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"><span class="email-button-text"
style="vertical-align: middle;">Restack</span></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td align="right">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
border="0" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="16">
<td height="16"
style="font-size:0px;line-height:0;"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="footer footer-ZM59BM"
style="color: rgb(119,119,119);text-align: center;font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding: 24px0;">
<div
style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 26px;padding-bottom: 24px">
<p
class="pencraft pc-reset color-secondary-ls1g8s size-12-mmZ61m reset-IxiVJZ small meta-B2bqa5"
style="list-style: none;font-family: system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,'Apple Color Emoji','Segoe UI Emoji','Segoe UI Symbol';padding-bottom: 0;font-size: 12px;line-height: 16px;margin: 0;color: rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration: unset;">©
2025 <span>Benjamin Norton</span><br>
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA
94104 </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>