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<div class="gmail-inner-article-top"><h1 class="gmail-">Erasing history: Israel’s war on Lebanon's ‘human heritage’</h1><p class="gmail-">Israel's
military assault on Lebanon is not only intent on causing immense human
suffering, but is also deliberately and systematically targeting the
erasure of the nation's ancient, rich cultural and religious heritage.
In Tyre, Baalbek, Nabatieh, and elsewhere, these are attacks on the
collective history of humanity itself.</p><div class="gmail-another-name"><p><a href="https://thecradle.co/authors/ibrahim-dawi" style="color:rgb(164,4,4)">Ibrahim Dawi</a></p></div><div class="gmail-another-name" style="margin-top:16px"><p><span>NOV 21, 2024 - </span><font size="1"><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles/erasing-history-israels-war-on-lebanons-human-heritage">https://thecradle.co/articles/erasing-history-israels-war-on-lebanons-human-heritage</a></font></p></div></div><div class="gmail-inner-article-img"><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles/8fafe28c-a830-11ef-a662-00163e02c055.webp" alt="" width="469" height="222" style="margin-right: 0px;"><span>Photo Credit: The Cradle</span></div><div class="gmail-inner-article-content"><div class="gmail-row"><div class="gmail-col-md-8 gmail-col-sm-7"><div class="gmail-article-content"><span><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The reach of Israeli aggression knows no bounds, sparing neither people nor </span><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles-id/27584"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">stone</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">.
The occupation state's wrath stretches across historic Lebanon, from
Baalbek in the east to Tyre (Sour) in the south, intentionally
eradicating countless archaeological and cultural treasures.</span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Lebanon's
cultural heritage is ancient and deeply rooted in the Levant's rich
history, which the enemy seeks to erase – to wipe out memories, history,
and national identity. Much like ISIS's cultural war on Iraq and Syria,
this assault on antiquities is nothing new; during the 1982 invasion,
Israeli forces looted numerous artifacts from the western Bekaa and the
south, many of which ended up in Tel Aviv.</span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"><strong>Erasing Nabatieh’s heritage sites </strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">In Nabatieh, </span><a href="https://www.beirut.com/en/736106/nabatiehs-most-beautiful-heritage-home-has-been-destroyed/"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">heritage buildings and homes</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">
have faced relentless bombing since the 1970s, through the 1978
aggression, and later on the 1982 Israeli invasion and 18-year
occupation of Lebanon. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/biladi_lebanon/reel/DBHRyzdsTSU/"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Shaheen House</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">,
built in 1928, where two late Lebanese members of parliament, Ghaleb
and Fahmi Shaheen grew up, was destroyed just shy of its centennial
anniversary. The house was restored in 2013, only to see its beautiful
arches and red tiles razed to the ground today. The Israeli predators
went on to obliterate yet another Shaheen house, that of former minister
Dr Rafik Shaheen, which was built in 1920 by his father.</span></p><p>These
historical pillars that once housed locals and memories of Nabatieh's
social and political communities in the 1960s and 70s now lie in ruins –
erased along with the stories they had preserved. </p><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/f4b6db98-a850-11ef-b67e-00163e02c055.jpeg" width="375" height="469" style="margin-right: 0px;"><span class="gmail-text-tiny" style="color:rgb(153,153,153)"><sup>Shaheen
House, an old traditional Lebanese home in Nabatieh, south Lebanon,
before and after being destroyed by Israeli airstrikes.</sup></span><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The
Israelis recently targeted and damaged the traditional house of Qasim
Zaher – once the headquarters of the Cultural Council of South Lebanon
and a beacon for intellectual, cultural, and political figures who
gathered there for countless events and salons for a quarter of a
century. The residence was under restoration by his grandson Kamel Zaher
when the enemy struck. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Parliamentarian
and former minister Muhammad Bey al-Fadl's ancestral house, which was a
rare Lebanese architectural gem of the 1930s, was ravaged as well. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">A
hub of Nabatieh's cultural life in the 1930s, the Al-Sabah building in
the city's commercial center also made it on the list of destroyed
heritage. The center contained The Priest's Library, Ayoub's Photo
Studio, and records of political movements and protests against the
French mandate in 1943, all of which were blown to dust. The strike also
impacted the nearby tomb of Hassan Kamel Al-Sabah, a prominent and
world-renowned Lebanese electrical engineer and inventor from Nabatieh. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The
occupation army has turned many other heritage structures to ashes:
Habib Musa al-Radi’s 1940s house on the main streets, the Khreizat
family home, and the homes of Sheikh Abdul Rasul Assi and writer Sheikh
Hassan Sadiq where Ashoura commemorations took place, making them
integral social locations for the Shia community. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"><strong>Nothing is sacred </strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">As in Gaza, places of worship were not spared. </span>Mosques dating back centuries, including the historic <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ica_internationals/p/DCRfblJugku/?img_index=1">Al-Bayad mosque</a>, Nabatieh al-Fawqa mosque, and 19th-century mosque in the Saraya neighborhood, have been wrecked.</p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">On the significance of the destruction unleashed on Nabatieh, researcher Ali Mazraani tells </span><i><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The Cradle</span></i><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">:</span></p><blockquote><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">“The
commercial center in Nabatieh is not a block of cement or stones that
we can rebuild again. It is the lifeline of Nabatieh and its beating
heart. This is where the people’s days begin: day laborers, vegetable
sellers, taxi drivers, butchers, merchants, and everything that happens
on the ground.” </span></p></blockquote><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/89d3b08e-a82e-11ef-9e7c-00163e02c055.png" width="469" height="352" style="margin-right: 25px;"><span class="gmail-text-tiny" style="color:rgb(153,153,153)"><sub><sup>Complete destruction of a mosque in Nabatieh, reduced to rubble and debris following an Israeli airstrike.</sup></sub></span><p>The
first and largest Israeli attack was on Nabatieh's commercial center,
which includes the economic, social, and residential features of the
city, such as the late 19th-century building that was once a small hotel
called ‘Lokanda, Flower of the South,’ characterized by its
cross-shaped stone arches.</p><p>Nabatieh's director of the Ministry of
Tourism office, Zaher Shaitani, says, “Tourism has become non-existent,
and it has become difficult to replace the institutions that were
destroyed in the region, which will definitely affect the day after the
war.”</p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">As per the </span><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/heritage-armed-conflicts/convention-and-protocols/1954-convention"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Hague Convention of 1954</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">,
“any damage to cultural property, irrespective of the people it belongs
to, is a damage to the cultural heritage of all humanity, because every
people contributes to the world's culture.” </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">This
principle was born from the devastation wreaked during World War II,
but today, Israel’s war on Gaza and Lebanon – apart from ISIS's rampage
last decade – stands as perhaps the most extensive violation of cultural
heritage ever since, targeting lands that have long been the cradle of
ancient civilizations.</span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Dr Hussein Fayyad, a professor of urban geography, offers some comfort amidst the despair:</span></p><blockquote><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">“The
process of building these houses, as well as the heritage markets and
ancient religious places, is possible, but on the condition that they
are rebuilt in the same old architectural style and using the same or
similar materials to those in which they were built. Thus, part of the
ancient heritage of the city of Nabatieh can be preserved.”</span></p></blockquote><p><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/8d53ed5a-a82e-11ef-b2b6-00163e02c055.png" width="469" height="299" style="margin-right: 0px;"></p><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/809d16e0-a82e-11ef-a141-00163e02c055.png" width="469" height="352" style="margin-right: 25px;"><span class="gmail-text-tiny" style="color:rgb(153,153,153)"><sup>The centuries-old souk of Nabatieh, devastated and left in ruins following an Israeli bombing.</sup></span><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"><strong>Tyre: A World Heritage Site in peril</strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The southern city of Tyre was designated as a </span><a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/299/"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">World Heritage Site</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"> in 1984, entailing that its protection from attacks is mandatory as these sites are demarcated by the </span><span style="color:rgb(31,31,31)">United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (</span><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">UNESCO)
as protected territory. Nonetheless, Israeli incursions have erased
entire chunks of Tyre's decadent past, particularly in the Old City that
dates back to the 18th century. Phoenician antiquities, among the most
significant relics in human history, face imminent danger due to ongoing
bombardment by enemy fighter jets and munitions.</span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The media officer in the Disaster Management Unit of the Union of Tyre Municipalities Bilal Kashmir tells </span><i><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">The Cradle</span></i><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">:</span></p><blockquote><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">“Through
these raids, the occupation wanted to eliminate culture, heritage, and
tourism by bombing the largest building in Tyre, the Awda Tower, and
destroying shops, residential apartments, hotels, and restaurants along
the sea line, which was full of cultural and artistic celebrations
before the war.”</span></p><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/1c207bcc-a846-11ef-ad49-00163e02c055.webp" width="469" height="308" style="margin-right: 25px;"><span class="gmail-text-tiny" style="color:rgb(153,153,153)"><sup>A
view of Tyre, Lebanon, one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited
cities, with its historic architecture and coastal landscape.</sup></span></blockquote><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Meanwhile,
in the southern Lebanese village of Muhaibib, located east of
Marjayoun, the Israeli army planted explosives in residential
neighborhoods, annihilating their entire history. The village once
harbored the 2,000-year-old ancient historical </span><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles-id/27336"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">shrine of Prophet Benjamin</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">
(son of the Prophet Jacob and brother of the Prophet Joseph). The
Israelis not only reduced to ashes the spot that was once revered across
borders, but also robbed many of its artifacts in 1948. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">In
Mais al-Jabal, the situation is not much different, as confirmed by
Mayor Abdel Moneim Choucair, who noted that the occupying forces blew up
the oldest mosques and most ancient, centuries-old neighborhoods.</span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"><strong>A duty to protect and preserve </strong></span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">In
addition, the Tirdaba Mosque, the Kafr Tibnit Mosque, the Church of
Dardaghia, the Church of Yaron, the Monastery of Mimas, and the Blida
Mosque (a mosque whose construction dates back more than 1,000 years) -
all of which are archaic religious landmarks classified as heritage
edifices - were also affected. The crusader </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/biladi_lebanon/p/DBMD9qZsPCh/?locale=it&img_index=1"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Tebnine Castle</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">, located in east Tyre, came under direct bombardment by the Israeli military.</span></p><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/f5246caa-a849-11ef-949b-00163e02c055.webp" width="469" height="461" style="margin-right: 25px;"><span class="gmail-text-tiny" style="color:rgb(153,153,153)"><sup>Aerial footage of the border village of Blida before and after its destruction by the Israeli army.</sup></span><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Most recently, on 15 November, after invading the southern village of Shamaa, occupation forces directly targeted the </span><a href="https://www.newarab.com/news/israeli-forces-blow-shrine-shimon-south-lebanon"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Shrine of Shimon</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">
(the prophet Shamoun al-Safa) – also known as the Shrine of Saint
Peter – with explosives. It is a site cherished by both Shias and
Christians: the latter believe the saint is buried there, and the former
have constructed various sites to honor Imam Mahdi. </span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">This
shrine was a center point for religious tourism: the Prophet Shamoun
al-Safa's lineage dates back to the Prophet Suleiman bin David; he was a
disciple, the son of Hammun, and his mother was sister to the Prophet
Imran, the father of the Virgin Mary. A document carved on one of the
stones of the shrine’s Ottoman-style minaret indicates it was built in
490 AH, that is, before the arrival of the Franks, who built the castle
overlooking the Sea of Tyre and northern Palestine.</span></p><img src="http://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/public/articles_media/71d0c972-a847-11ef-a673-00163e02c055.webp" width="469" height="252" style="margin-right: 25px;"><span class="gmail-text-tiny" style="color:rgb(153,153,153)"><sup>The </sup><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"><sup>Shrine of Shimon in Shamaa, south Lebanon.</sup></span></span><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">This
spectacle is located within the wall of the historic citadel of the
town, which was transformed into a military headquarters for the Israeli
army for about 22 years prior to when Hezbollah liberated the country
in 2000. Before the Israelis and their local collaborators fled,
however, they made sure to destroy the shrine and the citadel. In the
July 2006 Israeli war on Lebanon, large sections of the castle were yet
again destroyed by the aggressors.</span></p><p><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">Over
100 Lebanese representatives have sent urgent appeals to UNESCO,
pleading for the conservation of these historical sites from further
Israeli vandalism, assaults, and bombardment. In a glimmer of hope, the
Lebanese Minister of Culture, Wissam al-Murtada, </span><a href="https://thecradle.co/articles/20241120"><span lang="EN" dir="ltr">announced</span></a><span lang="EN" dir="ltr"> that UNESCO had decided to grant enhanced protection to 34 Lebanese archaeological sites. </span></p><p>While
this step marks progress, it cannot reverse the harm already done to
Lebanon's rich ancient history and heritage. If the devastation of
Lebanon's cultural treasures is truly an attack on humanity's shared
legacy, it becomes our collective duty to fight and resist such
destruction and work toward restoration.</p></span></div></div></div></div>
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