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<p><font size="1"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/shock-without-awe">https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/shock-without-awe</a><br>
Summer 2024 - Radical Philosophy<br>
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text-autospace:none;}div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}</style>
<p class="MsoTitle"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Shock</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">without</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;
mso-font-width:90%">awe</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:4.65pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Zionism<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt">
</span>its<span style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">horror</span></span></b><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:5.85pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt">Abdaljawad</span></b><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.55pt"> </span></b><b><span
style="font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Omar</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:12.05pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:5.05pt;margin-right:2.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">On<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>27<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>June<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>1976,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Popular<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Front<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Liberation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of Palestine,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>in conjunction with their German allies from the Red<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Army Faction,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>orchestrated a daring operation </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">that<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>seized,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>mid-flight,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Airbus<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>A300<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>en<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>route<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>from
Tel<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Aviv<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Paris.<span
style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span>They<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>redirected<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>plane<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>towards<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>Libya and then guided it to its final stage in Uganda,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> finding</span> <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">sanctuary
at Entebbe Airport.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>A
mere week
later, the </span>commandos<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>elite<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>unit<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Sayeret<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Matkal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>under<span style="mso-font-width:105%">took<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>still<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>daring<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>extraction<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>operation.<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>It<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>involved <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">a
radar-evading flight spanning over 2000 miles,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">cam</span></span>ouflage,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>swift<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>decisive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>action,<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>pre-prepared<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>escape <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">routes
and minimal casualties.<sup>1</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>The
meticulously executed<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>manoeuvre<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>culminated<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>resounding<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>triumph for the Israeli special forces.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.5pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Entebbe<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>does<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>stand<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>alone<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>isolated<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>instance within<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>archive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>special<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>military<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>operations.
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">It</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">gures</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">instead</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">as</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">an</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">exemplary</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">case</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">more</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">general </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">strategy<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>use<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>force<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>fully<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>succeeded<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>evoking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>a mix<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>awe<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>terror.<sup>2</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
.45pt"> </span>Such<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>simultaneously </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">elicit horror at the spectacle of violence
together
with ad<span style="mso-font-width:105%">miration<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>meticulous<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>execution<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ultimately, also
for their instrumental
success.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>The
aesthetics of such
military operations play a crucial role in evoking these
powerful emotions. The
symbolic substance they </span>help<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>convey<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
– </span>heroics<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>face<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>adversity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">, </span>overcom<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>resistance,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>eventual<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>triumph<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> – </span>have<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>played<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>found2ational role
in the formation of
Israeli identity around military power and its exercise.
They have also helped
turn its aesthetic effects into mythological narratives,
narratives that have
been well used to attract new settlers,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>entrench
and reinforce the support from imperial centres, and
solidify its primary
social base. These op<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">erations</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">also</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">induce</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">sense</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">awe</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">terror</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">among</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the </span>Arab<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>masses<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>contribute<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">con</span>ception
of an Israeli military that is undefeatable. This </span>conception<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>reinforced<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>every<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>new<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>battle,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>operation <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">and war.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.85pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">These ‘splendid’ spectacles, mediated through the
apparatus<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>military<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>large-scale<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>battles, appear also
as retrospective
evidence of the<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> ‘</span>righteousness’<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>settler-colonial<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>project. Such<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>retrospect</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">ive</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">legitimation</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">nds</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">support</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">not</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">only</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">notion</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">that </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">‘might
is right<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">’ </span>but also
in the aesthetic
effects that Israeli <span style="mso-font-width:105%">military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>power<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>can<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>evoke<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> –
</span>both<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>own<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>society, against its
enemies, and in the
impression it leaves on distant observers, both friend and
enemy alike.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Here,
the technology and operational
dimensions of military power transcend mere instrumentality
or tactical out-
comes. The capacity to reach,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>strike,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>generate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>or extract targets,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>enact<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>violence<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>precision<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>rapidity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>to </span>win<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>wars<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>spectacularly<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">, </span>operates<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>only<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>demonstration of
power but as a
performative act of demobilisation, <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">fracturing
Palestinian and<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Arab
resistance and
eroding their will to resist. It has also built a cult of
victory that sees<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>perpetual<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>only<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>means<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>fend<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>off<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>enemies or deter
them but a recurrent
testing of Israeli power<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ability<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>overcome<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>all<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>forms<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>resistance,
confirmed<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>endless<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>streams<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>battles,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>special operations and large-scale wars.<sup>3</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:3.4pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<h1
style="margin-top:.05pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:7.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt">Military</span><span
style="font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">aesthetics</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></h1>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The nexus between aesthetics and war is a domain
fraught
with profound philosophical contention,<sup>4</sup> not <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">least</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">responses</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">rise</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">fascism</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">early</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">twen</span>tieth
century. Walter Benjamin traces the phenomenon of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>German<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>fascism<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>distinct<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>effacement<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>inher</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">ent cruelty and stark reality of war,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>elevating it instead
to <span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">glorified</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">pursuit</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">that</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">ultimately</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">nds</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">its</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">purpose</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">within</span>
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">itself<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>celebration<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> ‘</span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>war’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>sake’.<sup>5</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>Such<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>eras</span>ure<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>war’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>cruelty<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">,
</span>its<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>bloody<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>bone-breaking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>reality, <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">is necessary for the propagation of war as an honourable national
pursuit.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>For
Benjamin, such pursuit
not only<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>remains<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>blind<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>abject<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>horrors<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>not
only<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>serves<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>perpetuate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>property<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>relations<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>fascist<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>regimes;<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>fundamentally<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>ignores<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>pivotal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>role<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">technology</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">mediating</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">raw</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">experiences</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">war</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and </span>ideological
claims to heroism. For Benjamin,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the
glori</span>fication<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>many<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>German<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>intellectual<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>circles belies<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>loss<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>heroics<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>new<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>technologies<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>mech<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">anical weapons systems effaced.<sup>6</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>It also redirects
the </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">struggle</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">from</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">internal</span> <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt">civil</span> <span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">conflicts</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> (</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">conflicts</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">regarding</span> <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">social<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>economic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>emancipation)<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>towards<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>external
enemy<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">, </span>while<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>ignoring<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>growing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>reliance<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>technology in its
celebration of heroics
invested in machinery </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>munitions.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>diversion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>permits<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>true<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span>ght<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>for
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">social<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>political<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>emancipation<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>squandered<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>a
false battlefield.<sup>7</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.3pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">What emerges as most significant in Benjamin’s ana</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">lysis is the way
intellectual
circles, even those directly scarred by war, grappled with the
experience of
their <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">encounter</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">with</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">combat.
He</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">unveils</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">disturbing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">aesthet</span>icisation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>German<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>intellectual<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>discourse<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>about<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">First<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>World<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>War<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>whereby<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>sting<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>defeat<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>only <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:105%">disregarded</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">but</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">subtly</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">transmuted</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">into</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">catalyst</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">fu</span>ture
wars. It is
within this nexus between interpretations <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>defeat<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>glorification<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>seeds<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">renewed
</span>war<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>were<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>sown,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>sombre<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>testament<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>perilous
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">interplay</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">between</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">reification</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">war</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">relentless
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">drive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>towards<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>another<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>encounter<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>vast<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>devastation.
</span>The aestheticisation of war in works by Ernst Jünger
and others,<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>mystification,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>emerges<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>peculiar<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>response
from a nation marked<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>by
defeat that
now internalises this <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">defeat</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">part</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">its</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">very</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">essence.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Yet,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">this</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">glorification
</span>is not
merely a retrospective veneer or mystification, as <span
style="letter-spacing:
-3.3pt"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">Benjamin<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>contends;<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>springs<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>directly<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>raw
experience of war itself.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt">
</span>This is an
element that Benjamin<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>overlooks.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>chaos<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>abyss<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>war, there lurks an
element of the
sublime.<sup>8</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">In<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>his<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>book<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Warriors:
Reflections<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Men<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Battle
</i>(1959), J. Glenn Gray evokes a feeling of the sublime in
war that possesses
an ‘ecstatic character’, where ecstasy<span
style="letter-spacing:4.0pt"> </span>is
understood in its original Greek meaning as ‘a state of being<span
style="letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span>outside<span
style="letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span>self.’<sup>9</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
2.55pt"> </span>Even<span style="letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span>amidst<span
style="letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:.85pt"> </span>mundane<span
style="letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">curi</span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">osities<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>battle<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>there<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>momentary<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>suppression<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the ego,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>slight<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>dissolution<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>self’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>barriers. However, this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>pales<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>comparison<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>rarefied<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>states<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-3.1pt">of</span> </span>awe that
soldiers sometimes
experience. These moments <span style="mso-font-width:105%">of
ecstasy bring a
deep satisfaction,<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>stemming
from the
consciousness<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> ‘</span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>power<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>outside<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>us<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>we<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>can merge in the
relation of parts to
whole.’<sup>10</sup><span style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>As
Gray emphasises,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>state<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>soldier’s<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>feelings<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>triumph<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>or </span>depression are suspended, replaced by a
pervasive sense <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">wonder.<sup>11</sup></span><span
style="letter-spacing:.8pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">This</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:
105%">wonder</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">satisfies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">because</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">it</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">reassures </span>the
individual of their place within the larger world,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>mit<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">igating</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">isolation</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">insufficiency</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">ego.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">What </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">especially intrigues Gray is the
way it also
enables the </span>idea of brotherhood to attain its
highest articulation. Unlike<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>Jünger<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>his<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>cohort,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Gray<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>enthusiast.
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">As Hannah<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>Arendt writes in her foreword to the book, <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">quoting</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Gray</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">himself</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">,
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">his</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">reflection</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> ‘</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">makes</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">opposition
</span>to war forceful<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">’,
</span>and it does
so<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> ‘</span>by not just
warning us, but<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>making<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>us<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>understand<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> “</span>why<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>there<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>many<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>today
as great a fear of a sterile and unexciting peace as of a
great war”.’<sup>12</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.8pt;margin-right:5.6pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Recognising the ecstatic feeling and sublime
moments<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>prompted<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>does<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>necessarily<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>negate<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>its
horrors.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>For Gray,
it also highlights certain
aspects of war that make it an alluring object.<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>This acknowledgment addresses the allure that war holds
for
soldiers, </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">commanders
and those
who identify with the war effort, <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">who</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">view</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">perceive</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">its</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">effects</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">spectators.
This</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">pull </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">towards</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">war</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">nds</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">parallels</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">various</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">liberal,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">democratic,
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">settler-colonial<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>other<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>political<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>formations. In<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Israel,
the
pull is central to the formation of ‘Israeli-ness’, to the
constitution of
Israeli identity and its perpetuation </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>state,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>society<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>economy<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>made<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>remade<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>war. <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">In other words, at the heart of
my discussion here
lies the notion of ‘Israeli-ness’, a construct forged
through the
phenomenological and aesthetic resonances of its military
praxis.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.85pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The choreographed movements of soldiers and ar<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">moured vehicles,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the interwoven
technology,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the
valour </span>displayed<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>forces,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>inscribe<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>power
through<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>aesthetic<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>effects<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>performance,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>assassinations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>leaders<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>activists,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>covert
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">operations<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>undercover<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>units<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>labyrinthine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>spaces <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">of
refugee camps and dense urban area, all the grand military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>engagements<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>against<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Arab<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>armies,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>culminating in spectacular victories,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>function not just as displays of dominance, they also
open a narrative
space in which the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>state’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>very<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>identity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>might<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>be<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>reinscribed.
These<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>tri</span>umphs,
alongside the
systematic exclusionary measures <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>regular<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>recourse<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>lethal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>force<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>structure<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>every- day<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>life<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Palestinians,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>underscore<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>aesthetic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>nature of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>Israeli<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>perpetual<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>yearning for spectacular victories. It is an
intricate interweaving </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>force<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span>nesse.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>In<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>performance,<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>mil<span style="mso-font-width:105%">itary not only
seeks to overcome
resistance,<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>but
also to </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">inspire</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">awe</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">wonder</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">reinforce</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">unified</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">sense </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">of self-identity that spans
whirlwind encounters in
operations, battles and wars.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.45pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The allure of war for Israel,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>and more precisely for Israeli-ness,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>lies<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>ability<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>elicit<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>moment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>exaltation,
of ecstasy – what Amos Oz called, commenting on the 1967 war,
‘the orgy of
victory.’<sup>13</sup><span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>What
is at issue<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>are<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>moments<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>when<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>nation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>facing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>perceived<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and overhyped abyss is
instead lifted by
the power to surprise,<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>kill<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>win.<sup>14</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>pursuit<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>sublime, and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>consequently<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>victory,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>central<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>historical
constitution<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>continual<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>aspiration<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>–<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>an
elusive<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>perpetual<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>search<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>total<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>victory<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>marked<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>by </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">creative,<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>innovative<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>daring<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>operations.<span style="letter-spacing:.65pt"> </span>Here,
the
destructiveness of war is paradoxically coupled with<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>drive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>artistic,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>almost<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>divine,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>form<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>realisation, </span>where the horrors of war are
transmuted into
a narrative <span style="mso-font-width:105%">of sublime
self-assertion.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Since the beginning of Israel’s onslaught on Gaza,
however, Israel has lost its once-potent ability to deliver<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>‘awe-inspiring’<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>operations.<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Gone<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>to land a decisive, silencing blow upon its enemies,
rendering them mute
and incapable of further resistance. Instead, Israel has
pivoted to a different
regime of the </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>–<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>one
marked by an obscene enjoyment of death <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">and
destruction pure and simple. This shift involves a </span>brazenly
unapologetic, shameless transgression of estab<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">lished
norms,<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>laws and
the codes<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of
war. The spectacle </span>of power is
now mediated through advanced<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>AI and
rep<span style="mso-font-width:105%">resentational<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>media,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>operationalised<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>primarily<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>through an utterly dominant air force.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.5pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">The</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">recent</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">failure</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> ‘</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">awe</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">’ </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">is</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">certainly</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">not</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">total,</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">since
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">Israel retains the ability to induce forms of
pure
affective <span style="mso-font-width:105%">negativity, such
as fear, disgust,
anger and feelings of hopelessness and insignificance in the
presence of an
overwhelming<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>display<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> fi</span>repower.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>But<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>fails<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to inspire<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>enjoyment<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>own<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>operational<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>design,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">cre</span></span>ative
use of military power,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>its
intelligence and precision <span style="mso-font-width:105%">and
rapid
dominance.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>It is
a form of militarism
that simply<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>unleashes<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>force<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>without<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>constraints,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>only acknowledges
such constraints by
announcing that it intends<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>transgress<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>them<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>–<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>case<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Shifa<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Hospital,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>or the destruction of universities,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>or the targeting of sanctuaries, and the near
destruction of
Gaza as a <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">whole.</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.3pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">This</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">obscene</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">enjoyment</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">now</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">centres</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">on</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israel’s</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">abil</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">ity to transgress all
apparent
limits,<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>to both
declare <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">and </i></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">desecrate
sanctuaries,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and
to violate the law
of sanctuary <span style="mso-font-width:105%">itself.<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>No longer does the regime seek to inspire awe; </span>instead,
it simply shocks without the accompanying rev<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">erence,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>indulging<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>grotesque<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>display<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>unrestrained
brutality.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>The
public consumption of these massacres
marks<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>troubling<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>turning<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>point,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>aesthetics<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>mil</span>itary
operations<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>feed
into<span style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>a dark<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>pleasure,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>stripping away <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>former<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>veneer<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>heroics<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>replacing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>brutal,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>unvarnished lust for
domination. This is a
military performance that relishes in the act of
transgression itself, a
spectacle that sows pure fear and horror, at the </span>expense
of its historic
cultivation of disciplined and awe- <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">inspiring
militarism.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:3.2pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<h1 style="margin-left:7.0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span></span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">domination</span><span
style="font-size:
14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></h1>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">A
decade before Operation Entebbe, back in October </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">1967,<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>dynamics<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Middle<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Eastern<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>geopolitics<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>were<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>indelibly altered. The
Israeli military,<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>employing
a combination of airpower,
strategic surprise and audacious rapid <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">manoeuvring,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>succeeded<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>decimating<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Arab<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>armies </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>six<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>days.
This<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>swift<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>decisive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>war,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>known<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Six-Day</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">War,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">became</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">etched</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">collective</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">memory</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">Israelis<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>miraculous<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>event<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>–<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>almost<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>divine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>vindication
of their historical claims over Palestine. As Tom </span>Segev
points out in
his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">1967</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>the triumph in the war <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">reversed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>ambient<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>mood<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>hopelessness,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>pervading
feeling
of doom among Israelis that had preceded it. It was<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>declared<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>evidence<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>‘hand<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>god’<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Israel’s newspaper
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Yediot Ahronoth</i>.<sup>15</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>air<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>campaign<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>decimated<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Egyptian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>air<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>force,
gaining air
superiority that would prove to be the key to Israel’s
tactical and operational
advantage.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>On the
ground, the Israeli
forces executed a blitzkrieg across the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Sinai<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Peninsula<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>left<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Egyptian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>army<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>disarray.<sup>16</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>In the north, the
formidable Syrian tanks
posed</span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%"><br>
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-no-proof:yes"><img
src="cid:part1.ejwtbpLX.fOmKKC0c@freedomarchives.org"
width="666" height="443"></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:7.6pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:4.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><font
size="1"><span
style="font-family: "Calibri", sans-serif; color: rgb(35, 31, 32);"><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span>attack<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span>Egyptian<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">
</span>air<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span>force<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span>base,<span
style="letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span>June<span
style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span>1967;<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span>source:<span
style="letter-spacing:2.1pt"> </span>Wikimedia<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Commons</span></span></font><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left:0in;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:5.05pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">a</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">significant</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">threat</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">from</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">high</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">grounds</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">Golan
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">Heights.<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>Yet<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>here<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>too,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>forces<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>managed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>fend
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">off<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Syrian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>incursions,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>securing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>buffer<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>zone<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>place
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>had<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>long<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>been<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>source<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>hostility<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>buffer<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>zone<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>in
</span>which Israel could then build settlements and later <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">officially annex as part of its
territory.<sup>17</sup><span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>And
in the east, the rapid takeover of the
West Bank underscored the agility and the sheer momentum
with which Israel
operated by weaponising surprise and superior firepower. The
territorial gains
made during those six days were staggering, expanding the
settler colony’s
borders and reshaping the regional map in ways that continue
to have
far-reaching implications.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.45pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">As Palestinian accounts of the 1967 war confirm,
when
tanks came rolling from the east into Nablus, Palestinians
went to greet them,
believing they must<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Jordanian<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Iraqi<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>tanks<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
– </span>only<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>discover<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>they </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">were<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>tanks<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>had<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>manoeuvred<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>behind<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Jordanian
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">lines.<sup>18</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
.8pt"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>rapidity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>surprise<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>impact<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>victory on cultural
representations and
understandings of col<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">lective</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">identity</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">both</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Israelis</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Palestinians,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">cannot </span></span>be
underestimated. Although the Nakba saw harrowing massacres
combined with fierce
Palestinian resistance and an extensive ethnic cleansing
campaign, the Naksa
can<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>seen<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Nakba<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>than<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Nakba<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>itself<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">, </span>precisely on account
of the sublime
character of the victory. The only difference that rendered it
more tolerable
for Palestinians was the emergence of a new revolutionary <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">project</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">embodied</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">by</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">fida’i</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">– </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">gure</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">self-</span>sacrifice
that emerged to take centre stage in the fight against Zionist
colonisation at
the very moment the Arab armies themselves<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>faltered.<sup>19</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:4.0pt;mso-font-width:150%"> </span>But<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>also,<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>collective<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>lessons<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>of
the Nakba
played a crucial role in limiting the mass expulsion of
Palestinians from their
homeland, as many insisted on staying put,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>in
exactly the same<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>way
that hundreds
of thousands of people have also refused to leave North Gaza
in this current
phase of the war.</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.6pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:10.05pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">For many Israelis, the 1967 war transcended mere </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">military<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>triumph.<span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span>It<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>perceived<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>providential<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>event,
one<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>victory<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>synonymous,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>encouraging a<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>widespread<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>intoxication<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>power.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Unlike<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>other<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>myth<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ologisations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>have
been<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>woven<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>into Israeli<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">identity, </span>such<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Tel-Hai,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>fall<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Masada,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>even<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Warsaw
Ghetto<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>uprising,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>ethical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>moral<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>victory (a
celebration of the power of
rebellion even if miscarried, or an exploration of the
heroism of tragic
heroes, along<span style="letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:1.2pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span>ethical<span
style="letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span>implications) – it<span
style="letter-spacing:
1.15pt"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span>instead
a purely
military victory, a sublime moment that left Israelis in awe
of their own
technological and military prowess,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>ingenuity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>design<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>their sheer
operational supremacy.<sup>20</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>It was an Event that
retroactively<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>affirmed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>right<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>land,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>mediated
through the spectacle of victory and its breathtaking speed.
It<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>included<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>its<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>very<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>invocation<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the </span>miraculous
and providential that sublime element which <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">remained<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>essence<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>unrepresentable,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>excessive<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>un-<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">capturable.<sup>21</sup></span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.3pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">These narratives of national survival and the
possibility<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>mythologisation<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>born<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>victories attempt to depict the undepictable.<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>They strive to<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>articulate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>experience<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>standing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>outside<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>oneself, and to celebrate an agential sublimity
produced by Israel’s
military prowess and its effects.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Lyotard,
in his exploration<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Kantian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>sublime,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>elucidates<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>how<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>this overwhelming
emotion, which he
describes as ‘strong and equivocal’,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>encompasses
both pleasure and pain.<sup>22</sup> This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>emotion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>disrupts<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>basic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>reality<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>physical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>ma<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">teriality</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">what</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">was</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">known</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">before</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">encounter,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">is </span>triggered
by an experience of the immensity of nature, or<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>grand<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>concept,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>striking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>scene<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>image.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>In such<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>moments,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>when<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>imagination<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>unable<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>fully
grasp what lays before it, a feeling of bewilderment or wonder<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>arises,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>suspension<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>ability<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>understand
and comprehend.
This failure to grasp the vastness of the object was central
to the Romantic
rendition of the sublime, for instance in the work of Edmund
Burke.<sup>23</sup></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.7pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Kant expanded the reach of the sublime, however, <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">when</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">he</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">situated</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">it</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">not</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">only</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">what</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">lies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">outside</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">sub</span>ject,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>but also in the inward
movement of the
mind per- formed by the subject in relation to the
supersensible.<sup>24</sup>
And<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>what<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>changes<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>if<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>encounter<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>supersensible is
itself the product of an
agent? What if it retains </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>character<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>unexpected<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>encounter<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>one<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>that fulfills <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ecstatic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>suspension<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ego,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>yet<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>retains<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>agential
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">source?</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.35pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Israel’s militarism embodies a paradoxical
suspension,<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>whereby<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>imagination’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>apprehend
is simultaneously
arrested and inscribed as an artefact of its own creative
force and agency.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
militarism entwines the roles of
artist and spectator, where the artist<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>creates<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>yet<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>stands<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>awe<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>his<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>own<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>creation.
Mythologisation emerges as a secondary effect of this </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">encounter with the supersensible,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>through which textual,
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">artistic and other
expressive forms are deployed to
extricate<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>events<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>historical<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>specificity.<sup>25</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-3.4pt">in</span>
turn enables a national identity to oscillate between a
propensity<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>underlying<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>dread<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>peace<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>or political engagement with its adversaries. This in
turn </span>reinforces
a permanent quest for victory<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">, </span>where
victory is <span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">not</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">only</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> ‘</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">sufficient</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">’ </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">or</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">pragmatic,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">but</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">also</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">an</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">affirmation</span>
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">of a creative agency at
play.<sup>26</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.5pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.45pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Early<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Zionists,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>epitomised<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Ze’ev<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Jabotinsky’s<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>articulation of the<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>‘Iron
Wall’<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>(1923),<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>construed war as an exigency<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>borne<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>resistance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>refusal to relinquish their land. This militaristic
mode of thinking has
since evolved into an active operational strategy<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>vis-à-vis<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Palestinians.<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>It<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> fi</span>nds<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>expression in<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>quotidian<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>colonial<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>terror<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">,
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>advanced<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>technologies<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>of surveillance<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>assault,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>genocidal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>war<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>in Gaza.
The Iron Wall has
historically anchored itself in deterrence and territorial
expansion,
underscoring the <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">fundamental</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">conflict</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">between</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Israeli</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">territorial</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">claims
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>indigeneity. It<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>wall<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>principle
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">seeks to engrave the Arab and Palestinian
consciousness <span style="mso-font-width:105%">with the
permanence of Israel’s
existence, an indelible fact<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>resistant<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>negation.
However<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>than
simply<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>wall<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>facing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Palestinians<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Arabs.
The<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Iron Wall<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>solely<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>defensive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>structure;<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>transcends<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the simplistic<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>function<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>barrier<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>divider.
It<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>embodies the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>potential<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>surpass<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>own<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>present<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>pinnacle,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>rise above its
current state.<sup>27</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.75pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>logic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>wall<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>helps<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>secure<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>other-
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">wise</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">circular</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">argument</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">defended</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Jabotinsky’s</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">treatise
</span>on the<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> ‘</span>ethics
of the Iron
Wall.’ Here Jabotinsky boldly asserts<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>‘if<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Zionism<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>just,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>then<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>justice<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>must<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>realised<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>without<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>taking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>into<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>consideration<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>anyone’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>consent or<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>lack<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>consent.’<sup>28</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>aestheticisation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>op</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">erations,
the meticulous choreography of power, and the <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ongoing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">reification</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Iron</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Wall</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">all</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">serve</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">reinforce
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>form<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>ethical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>reassurance<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>solace<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>deeply<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>en- twined<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Zionist<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>ideology<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>grounded<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Israelis’
capacity to
emerge victorious,<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and
to silence or
punish </span>those<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>who
do not<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>consent.<span
style="letter-spacing:.9pt">
</span>This solace<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>is
derived<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>from the <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">ability to impose a self-referential and self-sustaining justice,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>perpetuating a
vision of sovereignty that
is unchallenged by the realities and voices of those on the
other side of the
wall.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:11.8pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.85pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Yet the wall, like any wall, has two sides.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Military power not
only sears the
consciousness of Palestinians and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>larger<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>Arab<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>world<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>but<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>serves<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>constitute
Israeli-ness and resolve the
ethical contradictions and implications inherent in Zionism,
i.e.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>fundamentally
and dramatically to
re-orient the consciousness of Israelis.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>As
Talal Asad points out in his recent reflections on the
genocide in Gaza,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the
new Jew or the new ‘Hebrew’<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Israel<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>constituted<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>attractive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>diasporic Jew not
only on account of
their<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> ‘</span>eternal
victim status’, or on
account of the history of antisemitism in Europe, as a Jewish
solidarity that
arose out of the experience<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Holocaust<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>channeled<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>through<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a
yearning<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>national<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>home<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>embodied<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Israel.
The new state was attractive precisely for the <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">power </i>that it </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">was
capable of mustering,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the
sublime
nature of its milit<span style="mso-font-width:105%">ary and
the spectacular
nature of its victories. As<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Asad </span>makes
clear<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">, </span>‘Israel’s
many political,
cultural and techno<span style="mso-font-width:105%">logical
achievements
merely reinforce its transnational standing,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>contribute<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>desire<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Jews<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>identify
strongly with Israel.’<sup>29</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.8pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.3pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Conversely<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>when<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Walid<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Daqqa<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>endeavoured<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>delin<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">eate the methodologies that
transformed the
practices of Israeli torture during the Second Intifada,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>he sought to encapsulate the intersection of shock and
what he
termed the ‘searing of consciousness’ of Palestinians.<sup>30</sup>
For<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Daqqa,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>incursions<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>into<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>cities,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>camps and villages transcended the mere material and
direct </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">objective</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">arresting</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">or</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">killing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">resistance</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ghters.</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">These </span><span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">operations,<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>driven<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>formidable<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>force<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>airpower, </span>armoured<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>vehicles<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>D9<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>bulldozers,<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>unfolded<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>form <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">of
‘extreme horror’ intended to shock the Palestinians. The<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>goal<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>deliver<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>sort<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>overwhelming<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>shock that might
render Palestinians
malleable, soft and impressionable.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Disenchanted<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>resist,
Palestinians could
then be expected to give up, and to initiate a process of
healing in accordance
with terms, </span>discourses and politics defined broadly
by the Israeli <span style="mso-font-width:105%">colonial
apparatus.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.65pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.95pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.3pt;line-height:115%;mso-hyphenate:none" align="left"><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">Daqqa challenged a more widespread interpretation <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">among<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>many<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>analysts<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>at<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>historical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>juncture<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>(Second<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Intifada),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>who<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>tended<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>assume<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Israel
</span>had gone mad. In Daqqa’s view,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>this
presumed madness did not signify a loss of reason but rather
represented a
calculated deployment, aimed not only at dismantling<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt;mso-font-width:110%"> </span><span style="mso-font-width:110%">the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>resistance<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>at<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>eroding<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>spiritual<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>founda</span>tions
– the virtues and
political conceptions underpin<span
style="mso-font-width:110%">ning<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>resistance.<span
style="letter-spacing:
.75pt"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>primary<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>battleground<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Daqqa was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>faculty<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>representation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>per</span>ception
of the world,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the
way they try to
make the world intelligible. He saw that Israel’s (perfectly
rational) ob<span style="mso-font-width:110%">jective<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>shock<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Palestinians<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>render<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>them docile<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>attacking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>inward<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>movement<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>subject.<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>‘shattering<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>experience’<span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>facing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>shock<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of
</span>unconstrained military force would enable Israel to sat<span
style="mso-font-width:110%">urate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Palestinians<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>own<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>interpretation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and </span>expressions
of its victory.
This ‘searing of consciousness’ sought to induce a state of
acquiescence among
Palestini<span style="mso-font-width:110%">ans,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>leading to a gradual self-effacement.<sup>31</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:3.25pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<h1 style="text-align:left" align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Warring</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">perceptions</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></h1>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:12.15pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.8pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.9pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">‘There<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>no<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> … </span>without<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>representation<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">’, </span>Paul<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Virilio asserted in
his exploration of
cinematic techniques in </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">warfare. He
emphasised that<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> ‘</span>no
sophisticated
weaponry <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">exists</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">without</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">psychological</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">mystification.’<sup>32</sup></span><span
style="letter-spacing:1.05pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">For</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Vir</span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ilio,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>weapons,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>extension<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>military<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and tactics, are
not merely tools of
destruction but also instruments of perception. He showed
how these objects </span>of
war are also<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> ‘</span>stimulants
that affect
the human sensory <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">neurological</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">systems,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">influencing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">reactions</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">even <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">the perceptual processes
involved in the identification
</span></span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">and
differentiation of
objects.’<sup>33</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.4pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.45pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">In
particular<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">, </span>from
the initial use of
missiles in World War<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Two<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>catastrophic<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> fl</span>ash<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Hiroshima,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>Virilio <span style="mso-font-width:105%">illustrates a
paradigm
shift where the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>‘theatre
weapon’
supplants the traditional<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>‘theatre
of operations.’<sup>34</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
shift<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>marks<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>significant<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>change<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>history<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>war- </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">fare,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">emphasising</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">evolution</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">perceptual</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">elds</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">over </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">tangible territorial or
political gains.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Virilio’s
concept of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>theatre<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>weapon<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>underscores<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>how<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>warfare<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>has<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>in</span>creasingly
relied
on the manipulation and control of per<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ception.
The term itself reveals the essence of modern combat:<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>an ongoing use of military power not merely for physical
territory or economic resources but for the </span>dominance
of immaterial
perceptual realms. The manip<span style="mso-font-width:105%">ulation
of
perceptions becomes a strategic objective in and of itself.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:14.65pt" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">The<span style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>Shock<span
style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>and Awe<span
style="letter-spacing:.15pt">
</span>doctrine<span style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>1990s<span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span>stands<span
style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">a </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">testament</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">aesthetic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">perceptual</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">designs</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">military</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">strategy</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">its</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">attempt</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">dominate</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">lever</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of
perceptions.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">This</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">doctrine</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">emerged</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">twilight</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the Cold</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">War</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">aspiring</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">display</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">sanitised,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">swift,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">econom</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">ical</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">formidable</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">use</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">superior</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">repower</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">newly </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">one-sided</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">or</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">asymmetrical</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">imperial</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">conflicts.<sup>35</sup></span><span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">It</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">was </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">intended to overcome the bloody
and failed history
of engagements like Vietnam, where the combination of an
indomitable Vietnamese
will to resist coupled with high<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>American<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>casualties<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>large<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>growing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>anti- war<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>movement<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>United<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>States<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>forced<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>empire<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>to withdraw and cut
its losses. The
impact of<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Vietnam
on </span>the ways
the United States would reconceptualise its war <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">machine<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>remains<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>tremendous.<sup>36</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>new<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>prior</span>ities
would be avoidance of
long intractable battles, clear <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:
105%">definition of strategic objectives,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;
mso-font-width:105%">rapidness and speed, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">the</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">tendency</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">rely</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">more</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">emphatically</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">airpower </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>other<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>forms<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>remote<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span>repower.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.65pt;margin-right:2.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">These<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>new<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>doctrines<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>took<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>cue<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>long
history of military manoeuvres, surprise attacks and other
ways of using
overwhelming force to secure victory.<span
style="letter-spacing:1.4pt"> </span>The
rapid fall of France under the surprise of the German
Blitzkrieg, the dropping
of nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or even the Tet
offensive </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">launched by the North Vietnamese army would
all
serve <span style="mso-font-width:105%">as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>examples<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>where<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>use<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>devastating weapons
or rapid operations
ultimately eroded the en<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">emy’s</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">will</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ght.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Shock</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Awe</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">would</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">be</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">thought
</span>of as a solution to the various challenges facing
further deployment<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Western<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>militaries,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>instance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>way of warding off
domestic opposition
while serving and preserving<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>economic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>interests<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>depended<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the
persistence of war.<sup>37</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.6pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The doctrine explicitly sought to recreate through
military power a sublime experience and spectacle.<sup>38</sup>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">The</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">nexus</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">between</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">aesthetic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">effects</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">war</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">has</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">become </span>central,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>investing<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>aesthetic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>dimension<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>practical
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">and even ethical consequences. These shifts
were
also in<span style="mso-font-width:105%">timately tied to
media and control of
information, or management<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fl</span>ow.<span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>shock<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>awe<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>would <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">presumably</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">take
place</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">on</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">battlefield,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">but its</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">effects
</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">could</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">be</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">amplified</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">by</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">introducing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">cinematic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">techniques
</span>whereby images and narratives<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>wars were<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>curated and reframed,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and
reinforced through media representations. <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>concept<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>mediated<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>involves<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>creating<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>an
awe-inspiring
perception of power by simultaneously downplaying the
horrors of war and
emphasising sanitised, grandiose images of might and
grandeur.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
strategy aims to efface the
atrocities while magnifying the war’s evocative and majestic
aspects.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.15pt;margin-right:11.25pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Intrinsic<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>effects-based<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>shock
and awe
campaigns was the appearance of a suitably </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">sanitised,
ordered, precise and rapid war. The new military<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>logic<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>reflects<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Kant’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>rendition<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>war,
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">which he also insisted must
be ordered and
fall within </span>rules and norms.<sup>39</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>This notion itself harbours a profound <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">contradiction,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>sublime,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>essence,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>lies<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>outside
</span>form.
Lyotard elucidates this paradox in his discussion of <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>sublime,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>asserting<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>indeed<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>involves
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>sacrifice<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>aesthetic.<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>aporia<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>between<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>sublime being
contingent on an ordered war and the sublime <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:
105%">a</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">sacrifice</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">aesthetic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">is</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">central</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">contemporary
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">discourse<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>technology<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt">, </span>aesthetics<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">. </span>It<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>gestures towards<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>another<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>dimension<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>sublimity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>war:
the<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>po</span>tential
for destruction
must encompass elements beyond <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">the</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">mere</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">capacity</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">kill,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">maim</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">or</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">reduce</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">cities</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">rubble. </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>applies<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>particularly<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>when<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>destruc</span>tion
is
associated with a military machine that engages in <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">expressly<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> ‘</span>calculative<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">’ </span>thinking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
– </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>mode<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>thought<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">estranges</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">human</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">from</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">battlefield</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">evoke </span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Heideggerian</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">terms,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">renders</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">battlefield</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Enframing </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">(Gestell)
</span></i><span style="mso-font-width:105%">and as
‘standing reserve’ or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Bestand</i>.<sup>40</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.8pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">In one sense,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the
doctrine of Shock and<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Awe
promised<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>impossible.
It<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>characterised<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>profound
mismatch between its conceptual foundation and the grim
reality of war<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">, </span>a
discrepancy that was apparent in </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">the actual operation and representation of
American
and <span style="mso-font-width:105%">British<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>forces<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>First<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Gulf<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>War<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">. </span>Here,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>war<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>trans-<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">figured</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">into</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">media</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">spectacle,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">where</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">curating</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and </span>editing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>war’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>brutal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>consequences<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>victims<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>were obfuscated<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>removed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>public’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>gaze.<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Within
</span>this
curated media spectacle,<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>American
and British forces <span style="mso-font-width:105%">would<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>indeed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>follow<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>‘the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>rules<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">’, </span>but<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>vast<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>destruction
on the ground, and the thousands of Iraqis </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">killed</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">injured,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">would</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">remain</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">rmly</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">out</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">view</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">. </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">The </span>wide-scale
bombings were broadcast without the visceral <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">imagery
of the suffering bodies, sanitising the horrors of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>war<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>global<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>audience<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>ensuring<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>no<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>sig</span>nificant<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>resistance<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>would<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>arise. The<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>theatre<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>weapons <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">is
a theatre that insists on showcasing the grandeur of
explosions while
suppressing the actual experience of those<span
style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span>suffering<span
style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>consequences<span
style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:.15pt"> </span>its
fire.<span style="letter-spacing:1.5pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:
.1pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-1.45pt">mys</span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">tification</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">airpower</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">capacity</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ght</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">wars</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">from<span
style="mso-font-width:105%"> </span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-3.25pt;
mso-font-width:105%">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:2.95pt;mso-font-width:
105%"> </span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">distance,<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>reliance<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>cinematic<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>media techniques,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>so<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>on,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>led<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Jean<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Baudrillard<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>famously<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>to propose that the First Gulf War ‘never took
place’:<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>it was
less a war than an attempt by the
American<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>empire<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>perpetuate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>logic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>deterrence<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>the use<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>shock<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>awe,
targeted<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>so<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>much<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>at<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Iraqi
regime as at the spectators watching the unfolding images
play out on TV.<sup>41</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This simulacrum of
war, or ‘non-war’ as
Baudrillard calls it, would reassure those identifying with
the empire, and
shelter them in the safety<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>supremacy<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> – </span>but<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>that
weaponised images to create a <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">spectacle </i>of
awe, representing the Iraqis killed as little more than
extras hovering on the
edges of the show.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Such artifice, however, becomes increasingly <span
style="letter-spacing:-2.85pt">un-</span> tenable<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>era<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>ubiquitous<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>cell<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>phones<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>con<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">sequently
immediate, unfiltered dissemination of raw </span>images<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>each<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>bombing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>attack.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>problem
is particularly evident in the context of Israel’s current <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">assault</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Gaza. The</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">unmediated</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">display</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">devastation
</span>now<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>confronts<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>spectator<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>inescapable<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>reality of human suffering.</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">In response to this grim reality and the failure to
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">conduct</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">military</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">operations</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">that</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">can</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">evoke</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">awe</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">way </span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">that</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">is</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">both</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">sufficiently</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">overwhelming</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">
</span></i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">sufficiently </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">sanitised,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the ongoing war in
Gaza has instead taken
a </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">shape<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>openly<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>affirms<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>devastation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>causing. <span
style="letter-spacing:-2.95pt">It</span>
binds two logics together, a logic of deterrence premised <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>evoke<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>horror<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>celebrate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>effects,
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">logic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">punishment</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">adapted</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">from</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">familiar</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">im</span>age
of the Iron Wall. These logics are applied through various
devices,<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>including
the appropriation of representational<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>media,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Matrix</i>-like<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>capabilities<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>embedded <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">in command-and-control centres in Israel,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the deliberate </span>maintenance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>distance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>battlefield,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the
utilisation<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>AI<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>generate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>endless<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>lists<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>targets
and<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>direct<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>drones<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> fi</span>ghter<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>jets<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>towards<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>them.<sup>42</sup>
Each of these simulacra
highlight the fact that Israel’s </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">familiar
sense of itself as defined by a heroic engagement </span>with
sacrifice and as
exemplified through daring, bold<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>and
creative operations, now belongs mainly to the past. <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">In the phantasmagoric realms of warfare, these simu<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">lated</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">codifications</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">perform</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">disavowal,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">recasting</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the </span>sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>encounter<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>self-loss<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> (</span>whether<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>agonising or ecstatic) but as a manifestation of
imaginary omnipotence<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> – </span>an
omnipotence that fully embraces the </span>notion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>indeed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>hell,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>affirms<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>it<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>repeatedly.
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">The<span
style="letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span>current<span
style="letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span>spectacle<span
style="letter-spacing:
1.25pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span>Gaza,
therefore, eli</span>cits either an obscene enjoyment in the
spectacle of asym<span style="mso-font-width:105%">metric<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>punishment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>silent<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>complicity<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>occurrence and<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>unfolding<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>among<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>society<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>writ<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>large.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>October </span>7th<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>marked<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>pivotal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>moment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>when<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>symbolic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>ima<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ginary<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>fabric<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>underlying<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>core<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>tenet<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>identity<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> –</span>
the sublime object
of its ideology embodied in the Iron Wall and its own
invincibility<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> – </span>was
shattered.<span style="letter-spacing:
1.45pt"> </span>Israel’s <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‘operational</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">art</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">’, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">borrow</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">term</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">from</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">military</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">studies,
</span></span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">is</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">now</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">being</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">reframed</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">away</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">from</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">sacrificial</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">heroic </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">sublime into a regime of sublime
horror that lacks
any <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">sort</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">grandeur</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">or</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">magnificence.</span></span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">Virilio’s</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">observation
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">rings true:<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>the
theatre of weapons unleashed on Gaza <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">combines</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">with</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">generative</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">capacity</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">AI</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">articulate
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span>coldly<span
style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span>mechanical<span
style="letter-spacing:.1pt">
</span>code<span style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:
.1pt"> </span>targeting<span style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span>centered<span
style="letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">wide-</span>scale<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>bombardment<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>mass<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>killing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Palestinians.
Israel no
longer seeks to curate its war, rather it has chosen<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>overflow<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>senses<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>endless<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>streams<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-2.9pt">of</span> </span>visceral<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>imagery<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">,
</span>confirming<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>readiness<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>capacity
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">to engage in an obscene and
shameless genocide.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:2.8pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<h1 style="text-align:left" align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">Israel’s</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.05pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">operational</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:85%">artlessness</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></h1>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:5.6pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">After
October 7th,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Israel
embarked on
strategies of annihilation<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Gaza,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>viewing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>them<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>essential<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>responses to<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>breaches<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>physical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ideological
fortifications, and to the erosion of its existential
certainty.<sup>43</sup> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">This turn towards mere obliteration of the
enemy
starkly <span style="mso-font-width:105%">contradicted
Israel’s carefully
cultivated image of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> ‘</span>military
excellence.’<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>In
the 1990s, amidst
apprehensions about<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>peace<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>confronting<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>unconventional<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>challenges from groups like Hezbollah, Hamas and
Islamic Jihad,
the Israeli military elevated the quality and tone of its
intellectual<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>inquiry<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">,
</span>delving<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>deeply<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>into<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>operational
complexities of warfare,
appropriating elements from systems theory and
post-structural theories of
space. </span>Among the prominent figures to emerge as a
pivotal in<span style="mso-font-width:105%">tellectual
synthesiser and innovator in operational
theory<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>Shimon<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Naveh,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>founder<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>former<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>director<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>of Israel’s Operational Theory Research Institute
(OTRI), which was
itself part of its National Defence College.<sup>44</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.65pt;margin-right:5.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.85pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The definition of political objectives remains </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">primary; operational inquiry then focuses on
the
method <span style="mso-font-width:105%">by which these
objectives can be
achieved,<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>‘how’<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>of
warfare.<span style="letter-spacing:.95pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>intricate<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>selection<span
style="letter-spacing:.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>ends<span
style="letter-spacing:
.3pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>means<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">en</span>compasses
institutional actors,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>geopolitical
conditions, <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">political
factions and internal
strife,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">socio-economic lim</span>itations
or catalysts,
and crucially, the availability of weapons and technology.
The fundamental role
of operational<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>art<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>enable<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>an<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>analytical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>inventory<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>these <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">various</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">components</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">so</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">provide</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">solutions</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">that</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">over- </span>come
the various challenges faced by commanders. To </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>end,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Naveh<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>his<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>colleagues<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>OTRI<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>sought<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>reju<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">venate</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">aspects</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Soviet</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">operational</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">theory</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">particular
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>emphasis<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>conducting<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>analysis<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>examines<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>parts in relation
to the whole.<sup>45</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>The fervour
surrounding the </span>operational<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>dimension<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>coincided<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>newly vehement<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>refusal<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>political<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>compromises<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>would
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">be required to end its
protracted occupation, and
with the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>emergence<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>irregular<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>asymmetric<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>adversaries<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">began steadily to
undermine its capacity for definitive
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">victories.<sup>46</sup></span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.65pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.15pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.85pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">The</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">fixation</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">on
‘military</span> <span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">excellence’
in</span> <span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israeli</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">milit</span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ary discourse reveals a broader
sentiment
permeating the<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>armed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>forces<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
– </span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>sense<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>diminishing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>prowess.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>This sentiment<span style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>arises<span
style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>complex<span
style="letter-spacing:1.5pt">
</span>interplay<span style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>factors: a lowering
of existential
anxiety following peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, the
tumultuous Oslo
peace process juxtaposed with the brutal crackdowns during
the First Intifada
(when the Israeli military infamously </span>‘broke the
bones’ of Palestinian
protesters and employed <span style="mso-font-width:105%">deadly
violence
against unarmed protestors), and the rise<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>adept<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>guerrilla<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>forces<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Lebanon<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Palestine.<sup>47</sup>
The Israeli military<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">, </span>grappling
with
the need to reclaim its self-fashioned mantle of excellence,
embarked on a
quest<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>new<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>operational<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>modes,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>solutions<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>techno<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">logies.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Naveh</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">his</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">cohort</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">emerged</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">an</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">influential
</span></span>current within the Israeli army<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">,
</span>advocating for innovative approaches to warfare and
operations. Eyal
Weizman, in his<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>book<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Hollow<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Land</i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">,
</span>shows<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>how<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Naveh’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>vision<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>OTRI <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">offered
a framework for<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> ‘</span>operational
architects’<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>within
the Israeli
military.<sup>48</sup><span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>However,
the
initial enthusiasm </span>that surrounded OTRI proved to be
overblown,<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and for
a time Naveh and his followers
were blamed for the Israeli <span style="mso-font-width:105%">military’s
setbacks in Lebanon in 2006.<sup>49</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.85pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Seeking to grasp, appropriate, synthesise and
develop new
modes of operation that would set bench- marks for other
armies and secure
military objectives<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>in
any conflict,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Israel
now found itself thoroughly <span
style="letter-spacing:-2.75pt">en-</span> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">snared
in the operational dimension of warfare – a space <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">wedged<span style="letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span>between<span
style="letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span>political<span
style="letter-spacing:.45pt">
</span>ambitions<span style="letter-spacing:.45pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:.4pt"> </span>tactical<span
style="letter-spacing:.45pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">man</span>oeuvres.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>commitment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>operational<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> ‘</span>engagement’ </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>reflected<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>broader<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>malaise<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>within<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Israel,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> reflected </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>retreat<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>away<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>diplomacy<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">,
</span>negotiations<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and
the
delineation of clear political goals (beyond the
perpetuation of a status quo
based on expanding illegal settlements and quelling
Palestinian resistance).
The military assumed primary responsibility for maintaining
order and advocated
purely military solutions that obscured the necessity for
political engagement.
The operational dimension was therefore taken to be a silver
bullet, the means
through which Israel could avoid any compromises, while
solidifying its
permanent hold on historic <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Palestine.</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.5pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.15pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.45pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Under</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">pressure</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> fi</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">erce</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">resistance,</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israel</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">was
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">confronted<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>need<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>make<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>unilateral<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>withdrawals from
Lebanon in 2000 and Gaza
in 2006.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>At the
same time, it sought
to hobble Palestinian resistance in the West<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>Bank<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ensure<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>rise<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>collaborative<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>regime, institutionalised<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>National<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>Authority.<sup>50</sup> It<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>would<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>concentrate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>colonising<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>West<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Bank, besieging Gaza
and keeping Lebanon
at arm’s length through a policy of deterrence.<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>Meanwhile OTRI and </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>soldiers<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>commanders<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>influenced<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>them<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>were <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">busy
exploring<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the
reinterpretations of
space<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>proposed
by<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>operational<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>architects,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>exemplified<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>new
capacities
for<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> ‘</span>walking
through walls’, and new
forms of systems analysis and dialectical cognition.<sup>51</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.5pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.6pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">By contrast, other currents within the Israeli
military
would insist on simplicity, and doubling-down on </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">Israeli<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>strength,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>sheer<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> fi</span>repower. Following<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-3.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">Lebanon</span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">2006,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israel
introduced</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">infamous</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Dahiya </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">Doctrine.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
doctrine targeted civilians and civilian infrastructure as
crucial nodes in any
war effort.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>The
new<span style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>campaigns<span
style="letter-spacing:
1.35pt"> </span>did<span style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>seek<span
style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>target<span
style="letter-spacing:1.35pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span>resistance-</span>fighters
specifically so much as the society from which <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">their<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>resistance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>arose.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>The<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>doctrine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>sanctioned<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>recourse to<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>calibrated<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>massacres<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>levels<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>destruction<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>that </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">can</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">be</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">quickly</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">relaxed</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">intensified,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">depending</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">evolving</span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:105%">balance</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">of</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">deterrence.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">A</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">sufficiently</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">punish</span>ing
and deadly
campaign against civilians would compel <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">resistance
forces to give up or surrender, thereby end<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">conflicts</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">without</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">having</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">address</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">underlying
</span>political grievances.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.6pt;margin-right:13.55pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.6pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Within<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>military,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>debate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>raged<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>some
years, especially after the 2006 Lebanon war, between these<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>two<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>contrasting<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>yet<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>equally<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>lethal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>ideologies:<span
style="letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">the </span>simplistic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>yet<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>deadly<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>approach<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>embodied<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Dahiya
doctrine,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>complex<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>lexicon<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>operational<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>art<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">was led by those close to OTRI.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>The former was rooted
in <span style="mso-font-width:105%">older<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>doctrines<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>airpower<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>had<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>emerged<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Europe
in<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>early<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>twentieth<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>century<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>means<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>by-passing
the obstacles posed by trench warfare.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Airpower
and <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">longer-distance
firepower strategies
aimed to exploit </span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">their</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">new</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">spatial</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">dimensions,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">allowing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">forces</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> fl</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">y</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">above </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">across</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">battlefields,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">target</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">civilian</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">spaces</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">deep </span>within
enemy territory. Warfare was no longer conceived <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">merely<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>clash<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>between<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>military<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>forces<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>but<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>total</span>ising<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>conflict<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>enveloping<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>entire<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>socio-economic<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>fab<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ric<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>warring<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>nations.<sup>52</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>Clustered<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>around<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>OTRI,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the second<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>future-oriented<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>current<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Israel’s </span>military
employed systems
theory<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">, </span>post-structural
theory <span style="mso-font-width:105%">and architectural
theory to rethink military
operations. </span>Naveh would soon emphasise the
importance and relev<span style="mso-font-width:105%">ance of
both systems theory and dialectical
thinking in </span>conceiving operational art,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>and its acceptance of continu<span
style="mso-font-width:105%">ous
change.<sup>53</sup></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">The
debate between these two currents was,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>in
many <span style="mso-font-width:105%">ways, also aesthetic –
a clash between
strategies of sheer horror and brutality on the one hand,
embodied in<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>pursuit<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>annihilation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>conception<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>calibrated and
intensifying destruction,
and on the other, approaches<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>aimed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>integrate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>elements<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>warfare
capable<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>inducing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>operational<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>shock<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>awe,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>thereby
restoring<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>reputation<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>excellence.<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>The intellectual dimensions of the debate began to fade
as
Israel turned its focus to developing new technologies such<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>AI<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>targeting<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>missile<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>defense<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>systems,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>along
with
innovative networked systems concepts aimed at <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">optimising</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">their</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">military</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">efficacy</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">especially</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ground
</span>manoeuvres<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> – </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>instance,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>military’s<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>concept </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>‘Land<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Ahead.’<sup>54</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:.35pt"> </span>Aviv<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Kochavi,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>promising<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>young<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>commander
during the Second Intifada and a key proponent <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">of Naveh’s ‘operational architects’, rose to become Israel’s chief
of
staff by 2019 (through to 2023).<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>In
addition to cultivating a charismatic presence and some
impressive rhetorical
skills, Kochavi has long emphas</span>ised the need to
foreground change and
evolution within <span style="mso-font-width:105%">Israel’s
armed forces. He
has prioritised the pursuit of decisive victories and
highlighted the pivotal
roles of intelligence,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>technological
innovation and systemic investigations.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>language<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>OTRI,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>systems<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>theory<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and
post-structuralism<span style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>had<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>returned<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">dis</span></span>course,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>albeit<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>somewhat<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>simplified<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> form.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:2.1pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:8.6pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:18.2pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">In the<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>years<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>following the 2006
Lebanon War<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Israel
revelled<span style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>means<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>annihilation,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>which<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>it<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>perceived
as<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>only<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>winning<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>strategies<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>have<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>emerged<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>its
conflict with Hezbollah.<span style="letter-spacing:1.85pt"> </span>This
approach maintained <span style="letter-spacing:-5.3pt">a</span>
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">constant<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>deterrent<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>capacity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">,
</span>generally<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>sufficient<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>keep
Hezbollah<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>at<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>bay<span style="letter-spacing:.45pt">. </span>In<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Gaza,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>similar<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>stance<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>led<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>repeated
military engagements, operations that Israel came to dub <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">‘mowing the grass.’<span
style="letter-spacing:
1.25pt"> </span>The goal was to maintain a purely </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">military</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">equilibrium,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">indefinitely.
Punitive</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">repower </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">campaigns
and small operations targeting tunnels ensured<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>resistance<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>could<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>neither<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>challenge the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>status<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>quo<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>nor<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>push<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>conflict<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>ter- rain (where
Israel remained strong)
back onto political terrain (where Israel could still be
challenged). In this
context,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Israel<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>doubled<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>down<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>various<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>defensive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>tech</span>nologies,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>surrounding itself
with new layers of
protection <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">– </span>security<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>walls<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>fences,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>sensors,<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>radars<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>missile<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>de- <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">fence<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>systems<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>such<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Iron<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Dome. In<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>his<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>role<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>chief
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Aman </i>(Israel’s
Military
Intelligence),<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Kochavi
played a
crucial role in enhancing cyber capabilities,
representational<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>media,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>intelligence<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>gathering<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>militarised
AI.<sup>55</sup> Politically, this military stance was not
aimed at disrupting
the status quo but rather at maintaining Israel’s ability to
colonise the West
Bank at minimal cost, </span>without<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>having<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>face<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>significant<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>political<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>engagement
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">or resistance.</span></span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.95pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.85pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">However,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>once<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Kochavi<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>assumed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>command<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Israel’s <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">military
in 2019, he began to argue that Israel should no<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>longer<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>content<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>merely<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>maintaining<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>equilibrium.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>It was time to go
back on the offensive.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
again<span style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>required<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>developing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>lethal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>army<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>innovative<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>awe-inspiring,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>while<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>also<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>centralising<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the role<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>commander<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>directing<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>components<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>a
highly technological and integrated force.</span></span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.3pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.85pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Kochavi<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>draws<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>compelling<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>parallel<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>between<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>role
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>commander<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>work<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>artist,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>illus</span>trating how both require a blend of
creativity and critical <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">reflection.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
.45pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">In</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">his</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">observations,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Kochavi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">highlights</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">how</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-3.1pt">an</span>
artist<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>experiences<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>peak<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>moment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>identification<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>with their creation upon its completion,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>only to later engage in <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">process</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">self-criticism</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">distancing.
This</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">reflective <span style="mso-font-width:105%">process,</span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">which</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">prompts</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">artist</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">revisit</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">critically
</span>evaluate
their past work,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>encourages
continuous learning <span style="mso-font-width:105%">and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>improvement.<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>Similarly<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>Kochavi<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>suggests<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>commanders<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>should<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>embrace<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>artistic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">mindset,
</span></span>recognising that their strategic decisions and
operational <span style="mso-font-width:105%">plans are not
static but subject to ongoing
critique and adaptation. Just as artists question their past
creations,
commanders<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>must<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>constantly<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt"> </span>reassess<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>actions<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>and </span>the changing dynamics within their
organisations.<span style="letter-spacing:1.5pt"> </span>Of
the <span style="mso-font-width:105%">ideal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>commander<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt">, </span>Kochavi<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>writes:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> ‘</span>any<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>person<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>who<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>creates
is familiar with the tendencies of artists who reach the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>peak<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>identification<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>with<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>work<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>at<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>the
moment<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>completion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> … </span>Then<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>comes<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>process<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>of “distancing”<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>work<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> … </span>Years<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>later<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>artist<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>may </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">find</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">themselves</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">critically</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">asking,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">“I</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">created</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">that?”</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">This</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">is </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>good<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>quality<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>promotes<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>learning.’<sup>56</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>In<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>other<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>words, the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>ideal<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>commander<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>one<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>who<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>aware<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>system they lead, and who is able to devise the most
effective
operations from out of the various components of the systems
available.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.6pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">In 2021, Israel sought to confound Palestinian
resistance<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Gaza<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>its<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>so-called<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>‘Metro<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>Operation.’ The strategy was deceptively
straightforward:<span style="letter-spacing:1.55pt"> </span>leak
in</span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">tentions<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>ground<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>invasion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Gaza<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>foreign<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>press, <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">thereby</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">compelling</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Palestinian</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">ghters</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">seek</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">refuge </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">in an already compromised tunnel
network, which Israel
then planned to obliterate with its airpower. This operation
exemplified the
convergence of Israel’s advanced technological capabilities
– geo-location, surveillance,
sensory technologies, ‘matrix capability’, intelligence<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>airpower<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> – </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>precision<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>required<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>for subterranean targeting.<sup>57</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>The operation maintained a safe<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>distance<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>battlefield<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>did<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>risk<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the lives of Israeli
soldiers. It was
built on past intelligence </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Palestinian</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ghter</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">movements,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">who</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">could</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">be</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">expected
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>take<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>refuge<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>tunnels.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>By<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>turning<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>tunnel<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>network </span>into
a death trap,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the
goal<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>was to allow Israel to shake<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">foundations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>defensive<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>strategies. Instead of the tunnels serving as a
refuge, they would
become graveyards.<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Nonetheless,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>after<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>smoke<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>cleared,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Israel was obliged
to admit that few
‘combatants’ had been killed in its operation.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.8pt;margin-right:1.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">For<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span>gures<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>such<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Kochavi<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>much<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Israeli <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:105%">high</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:
105%"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">command,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">notion</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">operational</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">art</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">is</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">inscribed </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">within a technical framework but
it also requires
the infusion of creative imagination.<sup>58</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>This creative imagination becomes the locus for the
emergence of
new ideas<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>representations,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>central<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>conception<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>a </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>force<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>operates<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>not<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>merely<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>efficient<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-2.85pt">ma-</span> <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">chine<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>but<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>entity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>capable<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>spectacular<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt">, </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">deceptive, </span>creative
and exalting operations.<sup>59</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>The
military force operates<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>here<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>both<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>machine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>more-than-machine,
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Kochavi<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>emphasises,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>echoing<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Naveh,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> ‘</span>system<span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt">’. </span>The <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">essence
of victory is neither fully technical nor wholly imaginative<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>but<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>oscillates<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>between<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>these<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>two<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>poles,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>con</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">tinuously</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">redefined</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">by</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">exigencies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">warfare</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">imperatives</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">innovation.</span>
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">It</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">transforms</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">battlefield
</span><span style="mso-font-width:105%">into a space of
poetic engagement, in which the
lines between<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>reality<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>representation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>blur<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>where<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the
performative<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>enactment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>power<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>becomes<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>ultimate
testament to
military prowess.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.4pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.6pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">However, this artistic and adaptive vision is today
starkly belied by Israel’s actual practice in the current
phase of its<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>war
in Gaza. The military <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">machine
</i>has now </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">wholly<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>overshadowed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>commander-<i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">artist</i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">,
</span>thereby<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>lim<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">iting</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">any</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">role</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">operational</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">art.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">The</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">conflict</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">has</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%">high- </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">lighted<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>reliance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>sheer<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>destructive<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>power<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>over<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>strategic ingenuity
and creativity.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Although
it remains in </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">constant</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
fl</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ux,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">military</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">system</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">now</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">functions</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ways </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>akin<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Heidegger’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>concept<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> ‘</span>standing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>reserve’, and<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span>gures<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>mainly<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>mere<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>stockpile<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>resources
and capacities on standby for instrumental use, lacking
intrinsic purpose and
no longer able to induce an experience of the sublime or
enable true
creativity. In Gaza,<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>the
army’s
alignment with advanced technology </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
‘</span>calculative thinking’<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>has led
to an operational mode <span style="mso-font-width:105%">in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>which<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>humans<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>have<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>adjust<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>machines<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>rather<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>than vice-versa. Rather<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>than<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>draw<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>dynamic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>interplay<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>of imagination<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>machinery<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt">, </span>military<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>are<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>be-
coming more and more mechanical,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a
mere exercise of <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">force.</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:11.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.95pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">The bombardment of sanctuaries in Rafah, the
destruction
of universities, mosques and churches, even the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>breach<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>diplomatic<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>norms<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>attacks<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>embassies<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> – </span>all these acts of
wanton destruction
epitomise the chaotic nature of the strategy currently being
pur</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">sued<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">.
</span>It<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>reflects<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>new<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>dominance <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">of calculative thinking, guided by algorithmic and instrumental
rationality.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
approach strips
away an essential<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>legitimising<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>mechanism<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>eyes<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>observers and
supporters,<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>it
eliminates that<span style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> ‘</span>aesthetic<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">’ </span>impact
of<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>military
operations<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>was
so<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>essential<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>older aspiration to
military excellence.
Instead of fostering a <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">creative,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">innovative
and awe-inspiring militarism,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">it just </span>invokes sheer
horror.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.5pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.95pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">Rather<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>than
daring heroism,<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Israel
now resorts to
<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">the </span>banality and
imbecility of
pushing a button and unleash<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">ing</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">force.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.9pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">The</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">Dahiya</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">doctrine</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">rst</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">triumphed</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">inside </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">Israel in 2006, but its further
consolidation in
2023-24 exposes<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>truth<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>Israeli<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>all<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>see.
To </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>world<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>itself<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">,
</span>Israel<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>appears<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>always
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">appeared<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>us<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Palestinians:
as<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>regime<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>pure<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>terror.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:2.85pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left"
align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></p>
<h1 style="margin-left:12.65pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Shock<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>without<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">awe</span></span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></h1>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:12.2pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.3pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">In<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>one<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>rare<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>moments<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>current<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>campaign<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that
</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">sought<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>reaffirm<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>clear<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>sense<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Israeli-ness,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>8<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>June <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">2024,
Israeli special forces launched a daring mission </span>within<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>dense<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>confines<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>Nuseirat<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>refugee<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>camp <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>rescue<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>four<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>captives.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>This<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>operation,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>which<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>the
</span>Israeli media hailed as a resounding success, was
swiftly compared to
the Entebbe raid or<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> ‘</span>Operation
Thunderbolt’ <span style="mso-font-width:105%">of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>1976,<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>igniting<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>wave<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>national<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>exaltation<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>wide-
spread
celebration among the many Israelis desperate </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>sign<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>might<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>confirm<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>their<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>nation’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>ongoing <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">militarist
ingenuity and creativity. The Israeli minister of defence
called it ‘one of the
most extraordinary operations’<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>that
he has witnessed in more than 50 years.<sup>60</sup> To
extricate their forces
and the captives, however, Israel<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>had<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>carpet-bomb<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>camp<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>itself<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">,
</span>resulting<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the killing<span
style="letter-spacing:
1.75pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span>than<span
style="letter-spacing:1.75pt"> </span>270<span
style="letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span>Palestinian<span
style="letter-spacing:
1.75pt"> </span>civilians.<sup>61</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:4.0pt"> </span>One
of the commandos involved in the operation was also killed.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Despite<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>hype,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>actual<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>mechanics<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>op</span>eration<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>confirmed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Israel<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>has<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>only<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>one<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>strategy <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">for
victory in Gaza:<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>a
recurrent and
daily recourse to <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">massacres.<sup>62</sup></span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.3pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israeli-ness</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">is</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">now</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">being</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">redefined,</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">this</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">is</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:105%">hap</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">pening in ways that tacitly acknowledge
Palestinian
per<span style="mso-font-width:105%">spectives.<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>For us, who have endured and continue to </span>endure
the
horrors of Zionism and its systematic policies <span
style="mso-font-width:
105%">of exclusion,<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>murder<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, </span>ethnic cleansing,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>humiliation,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>re</span>vulsion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>various<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>forms<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>erasure,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>Zionism<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>has<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>always <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">been<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>form<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>horror<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>ongoing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>nightmare<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Nakba.
An emphatically <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">horrifying
</i>conception of Israeli-ness is
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">now</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">also</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">being</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">redefined</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">both</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Israelis</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">their</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">sup- </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">porters.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>This
new or emerging regime of the sublime, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">unfolding</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">through</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">extensive</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> fi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">repower</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">removal
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">of</span></span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:105%">battle</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">from</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">war</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">conducted</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">via</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">heavily</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">armoured</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">ma</span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">chinery and aimed at rendering
Gaza mute,<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>represents
a continuation of Israel’s
longstanding policy of ethnic cleansing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> – </span>but
it now does away with attempts to op</span>erationalise
aesthetics in ways that
might inspire wonder <span style="mso-font-width:105%">or<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>exaltation. It<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>consequently<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>fails<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>inspire<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>narratives of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>heroism<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>creativity<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt">. </span>Israel<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>confined<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span></span>anti-heroics of pure elimination and genocide.
This shift <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">is</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">already</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">having</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">dramatic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">impact</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israel’s</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">ability</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">to </span><span
style="mso-font-width:105%">elicit political legitimation
and support for its
colonial <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">enterprise.</span></span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">It<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>important<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>reiterate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>that,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>although<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>reliance
on pure horror has recently become more emphatic,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>Israel’s self-cultivated image of military excellence
has
always coexisted with its recourse to massacres,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>ethnic </span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">cleansing and
other
forms of brute force.<span style="letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span>Israel’s
creation <span style="mso-font-width:105%">was enabled by the
material effect
of such massacres, more than by a performative display of
awe-inspiring
operations. However much the symbolic cultivation of
Israeli-ness might centre
itself on the sublime assertion of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>power<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>reality<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>massacres<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>systematic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>ethnic cleansing
were the primary means
of its creation. The long history of the bloody killing of
Palestinians predates<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Nakba,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>intensified<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>during<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Nakba,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-3.35pt">it</span> has<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>continued<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>all<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>subsequent<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>confrontation with
Israeli settler
colonialism. This history is punctuated<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>by
the Kufr<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Qasem
Massacre,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>the
Qibya massacre, </span>the infamous
Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon and <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">numerous<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>other<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>atrocities.<sup>63</sup><span
style="letter-spacing:1.1pt"> </span>Though<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>these<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>episodes<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>are
</span>or should
be well-known, and played an essential role in <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt;
mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
105%">assertion</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Israeli</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">dominance</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">control,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">within</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">Is</span>rael
itself they were
also kept largely hidden from public <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:105%">scrutiny.</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.8pt;margin-right:7.9pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:9.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.35pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">By
contrast, the current and overt display of Israeli military
horror in Gaza
serves as a deterrent not only to Gaza but also to Lebanon and
the broader
region. Israeli propaganda on social media juxtaposes images
of<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>‘Beirut Before’
with suggestions of a
‘Beirut After’, evoking the spectre of a devastated city in
the event of a
large-scale war. This<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Shock<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">without<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span></i>Awe<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span>paradigm<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>continues<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>serve
Israel, as it flirts with dangerous fascist ideologies <span
style="letter-spacing:
-2.7pt">and</span> takes a festive and unapologetic pleasure in its
power to
punish, kill, maim and destroy.</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.35pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:10.05pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:105%">Today<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">, </span>Israel’s
hope is not that the world will soon forget this current phase
of the conflict.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Nor
does <span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">Israel
</span>seek<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>encourage<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>world<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>recognise<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>itself<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>its
carefully cultivated
image as a lone liberal democracy holding back a sea of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>Arab and Muslim barbarians. In- </span><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">stead,<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>hopes<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>world<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>will<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>soon<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>catch<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>up<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>with
<span style="mso-font-width:105%">its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>stark<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>monstrosity<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt">, </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>cement<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>collusion<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>all<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the horrors that
‘total victory’ might
require.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText"
style="margin-top:.35pt;margin-right:5.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:10.05pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:17.0pt;line-height:115%" align="left"><span
style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20"><span style="mso-font-width:105%"><br>
</span></span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:4.65pt;margin-right:2.05pt;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.05pt;line-height:
130%"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Abdaljawad</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Omar</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">is</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">part-time</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Lecturer</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Philosophy </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and Cultural Studies
Department
at Birzeit University and has contributed to a number of
different outlets,
including </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Mon</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">doweiss <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">and </i>Electronic
Intifada<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">.</i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></i></p>
<h2
style="margin-top:6.65pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:
7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Notes</span><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></h2>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:10.9pt;margin-right:
1.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:.3pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:18.1pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Saleh
Abdel Jawad argues in his review of Bassem Sharif’s book on
Wadie Haddad, the
Arab Nationalist leader<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>assassinated<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Mossad<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>1978,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>successes in
extraction operations were
largely due to the hijackers’<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>orders<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>harm<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>passengers<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>eth- ical
commitments, which enabled
Israel to stage these spectacular triumphs without risking
much resistance from
the hijackers themselves.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>See
Saleh
Abdeljawad, ‘Abu<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Sharif<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Wadie<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Haddad:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>Towards<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Critical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>Review <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">External</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Operations’,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Al-Akhbar</span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">2014,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.al-akhbar.com/Opinion/2648"><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.al-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><a
href="https://www.al-akhbar.com/Opinion/2648"><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">akhbar.com/Opinion/2648</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.05pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.55pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.45pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:17.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">A<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>large<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>corpus<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>mainstream<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>books,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>alongside<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>many dramatised takes
on Israeli
militarism, such as </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Fauda </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">on</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">Netflix, attest</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">to</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">this</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">self-cultivated</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">image</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">an</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">em- </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">battled<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>liberal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>state<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>facing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>monstrous<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span>enemies.<span style="letter-spacing:1.25pt"> </span>See<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>for instance:<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span>Michael<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Bar-Zohar<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Nissim<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Mishal,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">Mossad: <span style="mso-font-width:85%">The Greatest
Missions
of the Israeli Secret Service </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%">(New York: </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Ecco,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>2012);<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Ronen<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>Bergman,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Rise<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Kill<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>First:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">
<span style="mso-font-width:90%">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Secret
History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">(New<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>York:</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">
<span style="mso-font-width:90%">Ran- </span>dom<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span>House,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>2018);
Yaakov<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Katz<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Amir<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Bohbot,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">The <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt">Weapon</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Wizards:</span><span
style="letter-spacing:1.0pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">How</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Israel</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Became</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">High-Tech</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Military
</span>Superpower<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">(New<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>York:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>St.
Martin’s<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Press,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>2017);<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>Yossi <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Melman</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Dan</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Raviv</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">, </span></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Spies</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Against</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Armageddon:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Inside
</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Israel’s</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Secret</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Wars</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">(New</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">York:</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Levant</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Books,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">2012).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.6pt;margin-right:2.05pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:18.5pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">For
an overview of the cultural and intellectual responses<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>this<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>defeat<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Arab<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>World,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>see<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Elizabeth
<span style="mso-font-width:90%">Suzanne<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Kassab,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Contemporary<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Arab<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Thought:</i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> <span
style="mso-font-width:90%">Cultural<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Critique<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Comparative<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Perspective<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span></span></i><span style="mso-font-width:90%">(New<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>York:</span> <span
style="mso-font-width:
90%">Columbia<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Uni</span>versity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Press,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>2009),<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>48–115.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:2.15pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:7.0pt 16.75pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Cf.</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">
<span style="mso-font-width:90%">Jens</span></span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;
mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Bjering</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:90%">et</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">al.,</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;
mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">eds.,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">War</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Aesthetics:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Art,</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Tech</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">nology,</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">the</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Futures</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Warfare</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">(Cambridge,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">MA:</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">MIT </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Press,<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt"> </span>2024).</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05pt;margin-right:3.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.8pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.2pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:17.7pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">5.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Walter
Benjamin, ‘Theories of German Fascism:<span
style="letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span>On
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Collection</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Essays</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">War</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Warrior</span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Edited</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">by</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Ernst </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Jünger’,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.0pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">New</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">German</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Critique</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.9pt">
</span></i><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">17</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-1.0pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">(1979),</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.0pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">122.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.05pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:17.0pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">6.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Benjamin</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">points</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">out</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">how</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">technologies</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">materia</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">ls<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>warfare,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>particularly<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>gas<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>warfare,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>make<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>desire for<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>war<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>empty<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span>gesture.<span style="letter-spacing:1.3pt"> </span>This<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>because<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>eliminates
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">‘outdated</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">symbols</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">heroism’</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">that</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Jünger</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">others
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">celebrate</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">(Benjamin,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">‘Theories</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">German</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Fascism’,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">121).</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:16.7pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-10.0pt;line-height:12.05pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:16.7pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">7.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Benjamin,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">‘Theories</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">German</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Fascism’,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">127–8.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:1.1pt;margin-right:2.15pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.3pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:17.35pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">8.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Barbee-Sue
Rodman, ‘War and Aesthetic Sensibility: <span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">An</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Essay</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Cultural</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">History’,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Soundings:</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.65pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">An Interdisciplin</span>ary<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Journal<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span></i>51:3<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>(1968),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>308.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:17.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-10.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:17.0pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">9.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">J</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%">. </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Glenn</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt;
mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Gray</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:90%">, </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
90%">The</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:
90%"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Warriors:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
90%">Reflections</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:
90%"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">on</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:
90%">Men</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:
90%"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">in</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt;mso-font-width:
90%">Battle </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">[1959]</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">(Lincoln:</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Bison</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-1.0pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Books,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-1.0pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">1970),</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-1.0pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">36.</span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:1.05pt;margin-right:
0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.15pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">10.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Gray,<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Warriors</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">36.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.95pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.15pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">11.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Gray,<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Warriors</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">36.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.9pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.15pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">12.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Gray,<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Warriors</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">xii.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.95pt;margin-right:11.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:105%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:6.7pt 23.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">13.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Quoted
in Joshua Leifer, ‘What Amos Oz Couldn’t See’, <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Dissent Magazine </i>(Spring 2019), </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/what-amos-oz-couldnt-see/"><span
style="color:#231F20;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> </span><a
href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/what-amos-oz-couldnt-see/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">dissentmagazine.org/article/what-amos-oz-couldnt-see/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-right:11.95pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:6.7pt 21.7pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">14.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:85%">Tom<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Segev,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">1967:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>Israel,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>War,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Year<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Trans- </i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">formed</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Middle</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">East,</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">trans.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Jessica</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Cohen</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">(New</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">York: </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Metropolitan<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Books,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>2007),<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>247.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:22.15pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">15.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Segev,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">1967</span></i><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">15.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:22.15pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.15pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">16.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Segev,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">1967</span></i><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">676.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.9pt;margin-right:12.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:6.7pt 23.05pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">17.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Amnesty
International, ‘Israel/OPT: 10 Things You <span
style="mso-font-width:105%">Need<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Know<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>About<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Annexation’,
2<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>July<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>2020, </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/07/israelopt-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-annexation/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">https:</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:20.7pt;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.35pt;line-height:
103%"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/07/israelopt-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-annexation/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">//www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/07/israelopt-10-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:4.0pt"> </span><a
href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/07/israelopt-10-things-you-need-to-know-about-annexation/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">things-you-need-to-know-about-annexation/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-right:11.85pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:6.7pt 22.6pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">18.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Mu’in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>al-Taher<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>Tabgh<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>wa-Zaytoun,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>‘Hikayat<span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>wa-
Suwar<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>min<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Zaman<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Muqawim<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>[Tobacco<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Olives:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>Stor- <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Pictures</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">from</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Time</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Resistance]’</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">(Doha:</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Arab </span>Centre
for Research and Policy Studies, 2017), 19.</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:12.0pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.45pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.05pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:6.45pt 22.85pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">19.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Rosemary</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Sayigh,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Palestinians:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">From</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Peasants</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">to</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Re</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">volutionaries<span style="letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">(London:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Zed<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt"> </span>Books,<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt"> </span>1979).</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:12.45pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.25pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:21.9pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">20.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Dalia</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Gavrieli-Nuri,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">‘Saying</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">“War’,’</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Thinking</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">“Victory”</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">– </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">The Mythmaking Surrounding Israel’s 1967 Victory’,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Israel </i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">Studies </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">15:1<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>(2010),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>96.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-right:11.85pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.1pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">21.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">For</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">a</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">discussion</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">on</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">war,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">the</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">excessive</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">the</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">relation- </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">ship<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>sublime,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>see<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Vivienne<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Jabri,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>‘Shock<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Awe: <span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Power</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Resistance</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Art’,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Millennium </span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.3pt">34:3</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">(2006), </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">821–4.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:12.0pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:21.9pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">22.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Jean-François<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Lyotard,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Postmodern<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>Condition:</i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">A<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Re- </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">port</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">on</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Knowledge</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">(Minneapolis:</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">University</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Minnesota </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Press,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>1984),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>77.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-right:12.3pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.45pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">23.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Edmund Burke, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">A
Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin </i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">of</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">Our</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">Ideas</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">of</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">the</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">Sublime</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">Beautiful</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">[1757]</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt">(Oxford: </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Oxford<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>University<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.05pt"> </span>Press,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>1990).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05pt;margin-right:12.1pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:23.0pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">24.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">For
Kant this confrontation with the suprasensible <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">produces</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">pain,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">it</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">instigates</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">process</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">within</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">faculty</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">mind.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">See</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">Immanuel</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">Kant,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">Critique</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">Judgement</span></i><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">trans.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;mso-font-width:90%">J.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:6.7pt;line-height:11.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20">H.<span style="letter-spacing:-1.0pt"> </span>Bernard<span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span>(New<span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span>York:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>MacMillan,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.95pt"> </span>1951),<span style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">84.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:1.1pt;margin-right:12.0pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.85pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">25.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Roland
Barthes writes about how myths transform <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">history</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">into</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">nature,
and</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">thereby</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">extract</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">events</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">from</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">their historical</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">context.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">See</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">particular</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Roland</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Barthes,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Myth- </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ologies</span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">trans. Annette</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Lavers</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">(New</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">York:
Farrar,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Straus </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>Giroux,<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>1972),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>142–5.</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.25pt;margin-right:12.3pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.7pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.55pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">26.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">For<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>more<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>on<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt">
</span>militarism<span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>fear<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>peace,
<span style="mso-font-width:90%">see Uri Ben-Eliezer, <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">War over Peace:</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">
<span style="mso-font-width:90%">One Hundred Years of <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">Israel’s</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Militaristic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Nationalism</span></span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">, trans.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:90%">Shaul</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:
90%"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Vardi</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">(Oakland: </span>University of California
Press,
2019).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05in;margin-right:11.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.45pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">27.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">For<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>detailed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>exploration<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Nietzsche<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Zionism
<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">influence</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Nietzsche</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">early</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Zionist</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">thinking,
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">centring</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">notions</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">such</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">self-overcoming,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">mastery</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">long- </span>ing<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.2pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.2pt"> </span>authentic<span
style="letter-spacing:
-1.1pt"> </span>self<span style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.2pt"> </span>sublime<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt">
</span>missions,<span style="letter-spacing:-1.2pt"> </span>see<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span>Jacob <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Golomb,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.65pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Nietzsche</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.6pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-1.6pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Zion</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.6pt"> </span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">(Ithaca,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">NY:</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.75pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Cornell</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">University
</span>Press,<span style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt"> </span>1997).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05pt;margin-right:.05pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.45pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.2pt;line-height:105%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.85pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">28.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Ze’ev<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Jabotinsky,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.7pt"> </span>‘The<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Ethics<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Iron<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Wall’,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Razs<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">viet</span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">,
11 November 1923, </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><a
href="https://en.jabotinsky.org/archive/search-archive/item/?itemId=114767"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">https://en.jabotinsky.org/archive/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><a
href="https://en.jabotinsky.org/archive/search-archive/item/?itemId=114767"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">search-archive/item/?itemId=114767</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:.15pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:30.5pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">29.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">Talal<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Asad,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>‘Reflections<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.75pt"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Israeli-Palestinian <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Conflict</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.35pt">’,
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Humanity</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.8pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Journal</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.6pt">, </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">21</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">March</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">2024,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:1.35pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><a
href="https://humanityjournal.org/blog/reflections-on-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:
-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https:</span></a></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:20.35pt;margin-bottom:
0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.35pt;line-height:
103%"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://humanityjournal.org/blog/reflections-on-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">//humanityjournal.org/blog/reflections-on-the-israeli-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><a
href="https://humanityjournal.org/blog/reflections-on-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">palestinian-conflict/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:.35pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.3pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:.4in"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">30.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Walid<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Daqqa,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>‘Sihr<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>al-Wa’i<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>aw<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>I’adat<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Ta’rif<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>al-Ta’dhib <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">[Searing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Consciousness</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">or</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Redefining</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Torture</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">]’ </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">(Beirut:
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Centre</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.7pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Studies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Arab</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Scientific</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Publishers,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">with </span>Al-Jazeera,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>2010),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>27–33.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;line-height:12.05pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.4pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">31.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Daqqa,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">‘Sihr</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">al-Wa’i</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">aw</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">I’adat</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Ta’rif</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">al-Ta’dhib.’</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:.55pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.05pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">32.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Paul</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;
mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Virilio,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">War</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Cinema:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.05pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">The</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Logistics</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">of</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Perception</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">, </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">trans.
Patrick<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Camiller<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>(London: Verso,<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>1989),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>10.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:28.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.4pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">33.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Virilio,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">War</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Cinema</span></i><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">13.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.9pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:28.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.4pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">34.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Virilio,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">War</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Cinema</span></i><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.25pt">13.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.95pt;margin-right:.55pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.3pt;line-height:105%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.4pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:105%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">35.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">Harlan</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">K.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Ullman</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">James</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">P.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Wade,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">Shock and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">Awe: </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Achieving<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Rapid<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>Dominance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">(Washington,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>DC:<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>National Defense
University, 1996), </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Ullman_Shock.pdf"><span
style="color:#231F20;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">http://www.dodccrp.org/files/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> </span><a
href="http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Ullman_Shock.pdf"><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">Ullman_Shock.pdf</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:110%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:29.0pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:110%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">36.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">See<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>instance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Nadia<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Abu<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>El-Haj,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Combat<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.75pt"> </span>Trauma: <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Imaginaries
of War
and Citizenship in Post-9/11 America </span></i>(London:
Verso,<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>2022).</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:12.65pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:29.8pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">37.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">For
a critical take on Shock and Awe and its relationship<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Vietnam<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>War,<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>see<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>H.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>R.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>McMaster,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>‘This Familiar<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Battleground’,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">World<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt">
</span>Affairs</i>, 9<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>October<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>2009, </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.hoover.org/research/familiar-battleground"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">https://www.hoover.org/research/familiar-battleground</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:28.4pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.75pt;line-height:11.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.4pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">38.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Ullman</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Wade,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Shock</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Awe</span></i><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.75pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.35pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.25pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.35pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">39.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Lucian</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Staiano-Daniels,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">‘Taste</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Claims</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">War: </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">The
Kantian Sublime and the Function of War in Pub- <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">lic</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Aesthetic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Judgement’,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">History</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">European</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Ideas</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span></i><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">49:5
</span>(2022),<span style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt"> </span>824.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.3pt;margin-right:0in;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:12.05pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.35pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:28.65pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">40.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Martin
Heidegger, ‘The Question Concerning Tech- <span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">nology’,
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The</i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt">Question</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Concerning</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Technology</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">Other </span>Essays</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>trans.<span
style="letter-spacing:.95pt">
</span>William<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Lovitt<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>(New<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>York:
Harper<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>&<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>Row, <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">1977),</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">3–35.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">For</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Heidegger,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">essence</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">technology</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">is </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">not</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">technological;</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">rather, it</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">lies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">technology</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">mode</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">revelation</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">which</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">he</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">calls</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">‘enframing’</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">[<i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Gestell</i>].</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
.35pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Enframing </span>‘is
the
gathering together that belongs to that setting- <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">upon</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">which</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">sets</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">upon</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">man</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">puts</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">him</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">position</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">re- veal</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">real,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">mode</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ordering,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">standing-reserve’</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:.55pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:12.65pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:108%"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">(24).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">By</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">enhancing</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">military</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">its</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">perceptive</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">capacit</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">ies<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>through<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>employment<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>wide<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>range<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>complex
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">tools – sensors, radars,
satellites,
algorithmic deductions, </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">artificial
intelligence, cyber capabilities, representational </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">media,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">aerial</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">surveillance,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">among</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">others</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> – </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">both</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">those</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">op</span>erating<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>system<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>those<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>targeted<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span>by<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>it<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>are <span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">reduced</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">mere</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">data</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">points</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">web</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">calculations.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">They </span>now<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>come<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>seen<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>resources<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>either<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>used<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>or <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">annihilated.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Enframing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">also</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">conceals</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">what</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">it</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">reveals</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the </span>context<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>modern<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>technology<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt">. </span>As<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Heidegger<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>puts<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>it,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>en- <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">framing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> ‘</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">does</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">not</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">simply</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">endanger</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">man</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">his</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">relationship
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>himself<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>everything<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>is.’ In<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>addition,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>en-
framed<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>resources<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>or<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>inventory<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>tools<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>at<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>man’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>disposal ‘no<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.7pt"> </span>longer<span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>even<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>let<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>their<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>own<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>fundamental<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>characteristic appear<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">, </span>namely<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">,
</span>this<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>revealing<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>such<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">’ </span>(27).<span
style="letter-spacing:1.3pt">
</span>Instead<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of
<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">disclosing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">truth</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">being,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">modern</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">technology</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">distorts
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">it.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
.25pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">This</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">has</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">deep</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">implications</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">impact</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">technology
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">warfare,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">ways</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">battlefield</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">comes</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">be </span>ordered,
including human and non-human actants and <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">targets.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:6.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:10.4pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:10.4pt 27.35pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">41.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Jean<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>Baudrillard,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Gulf<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>War<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Did<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Not<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Take<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Place</i>,
trans.<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Paul Patton
(Bloomington:
Indiana University Press,<span style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt">
</span>1991).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:6.0pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:10.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:106%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:27.75pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:106%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">42.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">A series of articles were
published by the Israeli magazine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">+972<span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></i>that<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>discuss<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>generative<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>targeting power<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.85pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>AI<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>use<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>war<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>Gaza.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>See<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>particular Yuval
Abraham, “‘A Mass
Assassination Fact</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">ory”: Inside<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Calculated<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>Bombing<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Gaza’,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">+972 Magazine</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>30<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>November<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>2023,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/"><span
style="color:#231F20;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.972mag.com/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> </span><a
href="https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">; </span><span
style="color:#231F20">Yuval<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Abraham,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>“‘Lavender”: The<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>AI<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Machine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>Directing Israel’s<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>Bombing<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Spree<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Gaza’,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">+972<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Magazine</i>,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>3<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>April
2024, </span><a
href="https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/"><span
style="color:#231F20;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> </span><a
href="https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">gaza/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:6.15pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:10.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:25.85pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">43.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Although</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Israeli</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">society</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">speaks</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">an</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">existential</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">anxi- </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">ety</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">this</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">generally</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">remains</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">productive</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">confession</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">vul- nerability</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">face</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">possible</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">demise.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">This</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">form</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">pub- </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">lic<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>acknowledgement<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>precarity<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>hides<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>deeper<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span>sense
of<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>security<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>paradoxically<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span>produced<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>speaking<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>of <span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">vulnerabilities.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:1.15pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">A</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">large</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">literature</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">exists</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">existential</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">anxi- </span>ety<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>society<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">
– </span>see<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>instance<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span>Gad<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Yair<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">, </span>‘Israeli Existential
Anxiety:<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Cultural
Trauma and the Constitu<span style="mso-font-width:90%">tion
of National Character’, </span></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Social Identities </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">20:4–5 (2014), </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">346–62;</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Gilad</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Hirschberger</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt">, </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Tom</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Pyszczynski</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Tsachi </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Ein-Dor<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">, ‘</span>An<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Ever-Dying<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>People: The<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>Existential<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Under<span
style="mso-font-width:90%">pinnings of Israelis’ Perceptions
of War and Conflict’,
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Les Cahiers Internationaux de
Psychologie
Sociale </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">87:3 (2010), </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">443–57.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05in;margin-right:6.15pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.05pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:25.85pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">44.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">The<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>DADO<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Centre<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>for<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Interdisciplinary<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.6pt"> </span>Military<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>Stud-
<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">was</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">established</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2007</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">reconfiguration</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the </span>older
Operational Theory Research Institute (OTRI), which<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.25pt"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>directed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Shimon<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Naveh.<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt">
</span>This<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>change<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>oc<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">curred</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">as</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">result</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">2006</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Lebanon</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">War</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">during</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">which </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Israel’s military faced
significant criticism for
its failures </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>ground<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>manoeuvres<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.75pt"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>South<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Lebanon.<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>The<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Winograd
Commission,<span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>set<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>up<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>investigate<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>these<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>failures,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span>placed <span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">some</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">responsibility</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">on</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">language</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">operative
concepts</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">developed</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">by</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">OTRI</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">work</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Naveh</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">and </span>his<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>team. DADO<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.75pt"> </span>thus<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>emerged<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>as<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>an<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>updated<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt">
</span>version<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>of
the<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Institute,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>intended<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>retain<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>what<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>was<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>valuable in<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.95pt"> </span>OTRI’s<span style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span>work<span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span>while<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt">
</span>learning<span style="letter-spacing:-.9pt"> </span>from<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span>excesses<span
style="letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span>and<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">mis</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">takes.</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:1.05pt;margin-right:
2.05pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:7.0pt 21.9pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">45.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Naveh’s</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;
mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">1997</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;
mso-font-width:90%">book,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.4pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">In</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Pursuit</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">of</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Military</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.35pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">Excellence:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:.75pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">The </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Evolution of Operational
Theory</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">, is replete with various ex</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">amples<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>systems<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>analysis<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>historical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>experiences<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">operational</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">art,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">including</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Napoleonic</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Wars,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Blitzkrieg
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>1967<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>war,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>among<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>others.<span style="letter-spacing:.5pt"> </span>He<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>provides<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>analyses of these operations by approaching them
through sys<span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">tems</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">analysis,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">emphasising</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">capacity</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">integrate</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">vari</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ous</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">components</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">into</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">single</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">operation</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">that</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">successfully
</span>achieves<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>its<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>objectives.<span style="letter-spacing:1.45pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>book<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>also<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>includes analyses<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>how<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>these<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>operations<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>can<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>induce<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>systems
shock in the enemy forces.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.05pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:7.0pt 22.75pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">46.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">When
Aviv Kochavi came to lead Israel’s military in <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">2019,</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">he</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">redrew</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">its</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">conceptual</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">apparatus</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">around</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">pur-
suit</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.2pt">of</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">decisive</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">victory.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">See</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Yaakov</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Lappin,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">‘The</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">IDF’s</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Mo- </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">mentum</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Plan</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Aims</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Create</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">New</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Type</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">War</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Machine’, </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="mso-font-width:90%">BESA<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>Center<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Perspectives<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>Paper</span></i><span
style="mso-font-width:
90%">,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>no.</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.65pt"> </span><span
style="mso-font-width:90%">1,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>497,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>22<span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>March<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>2020,
</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://besacenter.org/idf-momentum-plan/"><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://besacenter.org/idf-momentum-plan/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:22.5pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.8pt;line-height:11.4pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.5pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">47.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Sergio</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Catignani,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Israeli</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">Counter-Insurgency</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:90%">and</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20"> <span style="mso-font-width:90%">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt;
mso-font-width:90%">In</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">tifadas:</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Dilemmas</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">a</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Conventional</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-1.1pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Army</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">(London:</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Rout</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">ledge,<span
style="letter-spacing:-1.25pt"> </span>2008).</span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.1pt;margin-right:2.2pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-.3pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:7.0pt 22.45pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">48.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
mso-font-width:90%">Eyal<span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span>Weizman,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Hollow<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Land:</i></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#231F20"> <span style="mso-font-width:90%">Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>Architecture<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Oc</span>cupation<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span></span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">(London: Verso<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>Books,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span>2012),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt">
</span>187–219.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.8pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.8pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:26.05pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">49.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">Łukasz<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Przybyło,<span
style="letter-spacing:4.0pt"> </span>‘Systemic<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt">
</span>Operational<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Design<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>– a Study in Failed
Concept’, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Security and
Defence Quarterly </i>42:2<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>(2023),<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>35–54.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.2pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:110%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.75pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:110%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">50.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">For<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>critical<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>reading<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt">
</span>on<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.15pt"> </span>Palestinian<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>Authority<span
style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>in the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt">
</span>wake<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.4pt"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Second<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Intifada,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt">
</span>see<span style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Dana<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>El<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>Kurd,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Po-
<span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">larized</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Demobilized:</span><span
style="letter-spacing:.25pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Legacies</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Authoritarianism</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">in </span>Palestine<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i>(London: Hurst<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span>Publishers,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>2019).</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.2pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.5pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.5pt;line-height:106%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:23.9pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:106%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">51.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">See
in particular Eyal Weizman, ‘Walking through Walls:<span
style="letter-spacing:
2.0pt"> </span>Soldiers as Architects in the Israeli–Palestinian <span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Conflict’, </span></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.3pt">Radical
Philosophy</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20"> </span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">136 (March 2006), </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/walking-through-walls"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:
-.3pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://</span></a></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/walking-through-walls"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:
-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/walking-through-walls</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.75pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:7.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.25pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">52.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">For</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt;
mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">an</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">early</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">discussion</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">of</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">airpower</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">its</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">efficacy</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt;mso-font-width:90%"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:90%">and </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">possibilities,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">see</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Giulio</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Douhet,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">The</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Command</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Air</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">, </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">trans.<span style="letter-spacing:-.05pt"> </span>Dino<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Ferrari<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>(New<span style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span>York;<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Coward-McMann,<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.8pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">1942).</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-right:2.75pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:.25pt;line-height:107%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:23.45pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:107%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">53.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Shimon</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Naveh,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">In</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Pursuit</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">of</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Military</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">Excellence:</span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.2pt">The </span></i><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Evolution<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>Operational<span
style="letter-spacing:-.25pt"> </span>Theory </span></i><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">(London:<span
style="letter-spacing:1.8pt"> </span>Routledge, <span
style="letter-spacing:
-.1pt">1997).</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-right:1.9pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.3pt;line-height:106%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.8pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:106%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">54.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Colonel<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Eran<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Ortal,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>‘We’re<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Confused,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Too: A<span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt"> </span>Histor<span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">ical</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Perspective</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.65pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Discussion</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">of</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">“Land</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Ahead’,”</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Military Review</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.7pt"> </span></i><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">(March-April</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">2019),</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/Mar-Apr-2019/82-Confused/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">https://www.armyupress.army.</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><a
href="https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/Mar-Apr-2019/82-Confused/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/Mar-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><a
href="https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/Mar-Apr-2019/82-Confused/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">Apr-2019/82-Confused/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:
-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.05in;margin-right:11.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:23.2pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">55.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Aviv
Kochavi and Eran Ortal, ‘Ma’asei Aman:<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Permanent<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Change<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>in<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Changing<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Reality’,<span
style="letter-spacing:2.0pt">
</span>DADO<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Center,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>2<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>July<span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span>2014,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> </span>https:/</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="http://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/dado-"><span
style="color:#231F20;
text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">/www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/dado-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> <span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">center/vol-2-change-and-transformation/ma-asei-
aman/.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:11.55pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:106%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:21.95pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:106%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">56.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Major</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">General</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Aviv</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Kochavi,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">‘To</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Be</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">a</span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Military</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">Leader:
</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Major
General Kochavi’, Dado Center, Israel Defense Forces (22 June
2022), </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/dado-center/research/to-be-a-military-leader-major-general-kochavi/"><span
style="color:#231F20;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> </span><a
href="https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/dado-center/research/to-be-a-military-leader-major-general-kochavi/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">dado-center/research/to-be-a-military-leader-major-general-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><a
href="https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/dado-center/research/to-be-a-military-leader-major-general-kochavi/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">kochavi/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:12.5pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.25pt;line-height:106%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:25.4pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:106%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">57.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">David M. Halbfinger, ‘A Press Corps Deceived,
and
the Gaza Invasion That Wasn’t’, </span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">New York Times</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">,
14<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span>May<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.35pt"> </span>2021,<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt"> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/14/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-disinformation.html"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/14/world/</span></a></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/14/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-disinformation.html"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:
-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">middleeast/israel-gaza-disinformation.html</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:21.95pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-15.75pt;line-height:11.6pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:21.95pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">58.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Kochavi,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.9pt"> </span>‘To<span
style="letter-spacing:-.9pt"> </span>Be<span
style="letter-spacing:-.9pt"> </span>a<span
style="letter-spacing:-.9pt"> </span>Military<span
style="letter-spacing:-.85pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Leader.’</span></span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:.85pt;margin-right:11.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.9pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:.25pt;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:23.85pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">59.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20">The metaphoric reference to matrix capability
is
meant<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>to<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>highlight<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>representational<span
style="letter-spacing:
-.45pt"> </span>media<span style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span>available
for<span style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>commanders.<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>The<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>matrix<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt"> </span>is<span
style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>designed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.8pt">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing:-.75pt"> </span>integ-
rate<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>vast<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>amounts<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>intelligence,<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>imagery<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>other<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>in- formation,
displaying this
consolidated data on one or <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">multiple</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">screens</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">for</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">commanders</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">and</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.6pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">operational</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">leaders.
</span>This integration allows for real-time situational
aware- ness and
informed decision-making, and is presumed <span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">to
enhance operational effectiveness on the battlefield. </span>See
Ron Leshem,
‘IDF Possesses Matrix-like Capabilit- <span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ies,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Ex-Israeli</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Army</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Chief</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Says</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">’, </span></span><i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">Ynetnews</span></i><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.3pt">, </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">30</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">June</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.4pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.2pt">2023, </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/ry0uzlhu3"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Palatino Linotype";color:#231F20;letter-spacing:
-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/ry0uzlhu3</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:22.1pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:-15.9pt;line-height:11.2pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-list:
l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:22.1pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">60.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Al<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>Jazeera<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>staff,<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>‘Nuseirat:<span
style="letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span>Anatomy<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span>Israel’s<span
style="letter-spacing:-.65pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Mas</span>sacre
in Gaza’, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Al Jazeera</i>,
11 June 2024, </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/11/nuseirat-anatomy-of-israels-massacre-in-gaza"><span
style="color:#231F20;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">https://www.</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20"> </span><a
href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/11/nuseirat-anatomy-of-israels-massacre-in-gaza"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/11/nuseirat-anatomy-of-israels-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt"> </span><a
href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/11/nuseirat-anatomy-of-israels-massacre-in-gaza"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">massacre-in-gaza</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-left:21.95pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:-15.75pt;line-height:11.8pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:21.95pt" align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">61.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Al</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">Jazeera</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.95pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;
letter-spacing:-.1pt">staff,</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.9pt"> </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt">‘Nuseirat.’</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:1.05pt;margin-right:
11.65pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:5.95pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
left;text-indent:.2pt;line-height:106%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:24.65pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:106%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">62.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%">Shrouq Aila, ‘Nuseirat
Massacre:<span style="letter-spacing:2.0pt"> </span>Inside
Israel’s Failed Hostage Rescue in
Gaza’, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The Intercept</i>,
10 June<span style="letter-spacing:-.15pt"> </span>2024, </span><span
style="font-family:
"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a
href="https://theintercept.com/2024/06/10/nuseirat-massacre-israel-hostage-rescue-gaza/"><span
style="color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none">https://theintercept.com/2024/06/10/nuseirat-</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;mso-font-width:105%"> </span><a
href="https://theintercept.com/2024/06/10/nuseirat-massacre-israel-hostage-rescue-gaza/"><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none">massacre-israel-hostage-rescue-gaza/</span></a><span
style="color:#231F20;letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-font-width:105%">.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:11.85pt;
margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:6.2pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:0in;line-height:108%;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:23.0pt"
align="left"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:108%;color:#231F20;mso-font-width:85%"><span
style="mso-list:Ignore">63.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></b><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#231F20">Much
is made of Israeli protests against the 1982 <span
style="mso-font-width:90%">Sabra
Shatila Massacres.</span> <span style="mso-font-width:90%">A
confluence of
factors encour</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">aged</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">these</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">protests</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">to</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">emerge</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">Israel</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">at</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">time,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.3pt">includ</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">ing</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">concerns</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">that</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.55pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Israel</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">might</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">get</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">bogged</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">down</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">an</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">un-
necessary</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">war</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">in</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">Lebanon,</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">More</span><span
style="letter-spacing:
-.5pt"> </span><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">fundamentally</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">the</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.5pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">mas</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">sacres</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">drew</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">particular</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt">
</span><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">condemnation</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">because</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.45pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">they</span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.55pt"> </span><span
style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">were </span>committed<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>by<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>allies<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>of<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>Israeli<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt">
</span>military<span style="letter-spacing:-.35pt">, </span>the<span
style="letter-spacing:-.7pt"> </span>Phalange, rather than
by the military
itself.</span><span
style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
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