<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body
style="height: 100%;margin: 0;padding: 0;width: 100%;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;background-color: #FAFAFA;">
<div class="moz-forward-container">
<center>
<table id="bodyTable"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;height: 100%;margin: 0;padding: 0;width: 100%;background-color: #FAFAFA;"
width="100%" height="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="bodyCell"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;height: 100%;margin: 0;padding: 10px;width: 100%;border-top: 0;"
valign="top" align="center">
<table class="templateContainer"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;border: 0;max-width: 600px !important;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="templatePreheader"
style="background: #FAFAFA none no-repeat center/cover;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;background-color: #FAFAFA;background-image: none;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center;background-size: cover;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;padding-top: 9px;padding-bottom: 9px;"
valign="top">
<table class="mcnTextBlock"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner"
style="padding-top: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="top">
<table
style="max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnTextContentContainer"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent"
style="padding: 0px 18px 9px;text-align: center;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;word-break: break-word;color: #656565;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 12px;line-height: 150%;"
valign="top"><span
style="font-family:helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,verdana,sans-serif"><a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=8ed86d7924&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #656565;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="color:#ba2025">View
this email in your browser</span></a></span>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]--> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="templateHeader"
style="background: #FFFFFF none no-repeat center/cover;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;background-color: #FFFFFF;background-image: none;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center;background-size: cover;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;padding-top: 9px;padding-bottom: 0;"
valign="top">
<table class="mcnTextBlock"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner"
style="padding-top: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="top">
<!--[if mso]>
<table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;">
<tr>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td valign="top" width="NaN" style="width:NaNpx;">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnTextContentContainer"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent"
style="padding-top: 0;padding-right: 18px;padding-bottom: 9px;padding-left: 18px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;word-break: break-word;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"
valign="top"> <strong><span
style="font-size:20px"><span
style="color:#ba2025"><span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">Your
Enemies Destroyed One
Palestine; My Wounds
Populated Many
Palestines: The
Forty-Ninth Newsletter
(2023)</span></span></span></strong>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]--> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="templateBody"
style="background: #FFFFFF none no-repeat center/cover;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;background-color: #FFFFFF;background-image: none;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center;background-size: cover;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 2px solid #EAEAEA;padding-top: 0;padding-bottom: 9px;"
valign="top">
<table class="mcnTextBlock"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody class="mcnTextBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextBlockInner"
style="padding-top: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="top">
<!--[if mso]>
<table align="left" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100%;">
<tr>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td valign="top" width="NaN" style="width:NaNpx;">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="max-width: 100%;min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnTextContentContainer"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="mcnTextContent"
style="padding: 0px 18px 9px;font-family: "Lato", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;word-break: break-word;color: #202020;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"
valign="top"> <br>
<span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">
<div id="attachment_90453"
class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90453" decoding="async"
fetchpriority="high"
class="wp-image-90453 size-full img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Malak-Mattar-Palestine-A-life-stolen-before-it-had-begun-2023.jpg"
alt="Malak Mattar (Palestine), A Life Stolen Before It Had Begun, 2023."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Malak-Mattar-Palestine-A-life-stolen-before-it-had-begun-2023.jpg 950w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Malak-Mattar-Palestine-A-life-stolen-before-it-had-begun-2023-300x212.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Malak-Mattar-Palestine-A-life-stolen-before-it-had-begun-2023-768x542.jpg 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-90453" class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;"><a
style="color: #ba2025;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=72fb706f4a&e=d206d0a40d"
moz-do-not-send="true">Malak
Mattar</a>
(Palestine), <i>A Life
Stolen Before It Had
Begun</i>, 2023.</span></p>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Dear
friends,</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
from the desk of <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=4473d3ec79&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
Institute for Social
Research</a>.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">The
indecency of the phrase
‘humanitarian pause’ is
obvious. There is nothing
humanitarian about a brief
interlude between bouts of
horrendous violence. There
is no true ‘pause’, merely
the calm before the storm
continues. We are witnessing
the bureaucratisation of
immorality, the use of old
words with great meaning
(‘humanitarian’) and their
reduction to new, empty
phrases that betray their
original meanings. Before
the debris from the first
rounds of Israeli bombs
could be cleared, the
bombing resumed just as
viciously as before.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">The
word ‘humanitarian’ has been
severely bruised by the
West. You might remember
another phrase,
‘humanitarian intervention’,
that was used as cover for
the destruction of Libya in
2011 after the legitimacy of
Western military
intervention had been
eviscerated by the illegal
US invasion of Iraq in 2003.
To rehabilitate this
legitimacy, the West pushed
the United Nations to hold a
conference that resulted in
a new doctrine,
Responsibility to Protect
(R2P), which, while <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9da19ffe3f&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">purporting</a>
to ‘ensure that the
international community
never again fails to halt
the mass atrocity crimes of
genocide, war crimes, ethnic
cleansing and crimes against
humanity’, instead provided
the West with a UN Security
Council mandate (under
Chapter VII of the UN
Charter) for the use of
force. The attack on Libya
in 2011 took place under
this doctrine. The guise of
humanitarianism was used to
destroy the Libyan state and
throw the country into what
appears to be a permanent
civil war. There has never
been even a whiff of R2P
when it comes to the Israeli
bombardment of Gaza (not in
2008–09, not in 2014, and
not now).</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">It
does not seem to matter that
more Palestinians have been
displaced and killed by
Israel since 7 October than
were displaced and killed in
the Nakba (‘Catastrophe’) of
1948. If the word
‘humanitarian’ meant
something in 1948, it
certainly does not mean much
now.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_90463"
class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90463" decoding="async"
class="wp-image-90463 size-full img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hanaa-Malallah-The-Looting-of-the-Museum-of-Art-2003.jpg"
alt="Hanaa Malallah (Iraq), The Looting of the Museum of Art, 2003."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hanaa-Malallah-The-Looting-of-the-Museum-of-Art-2003.jpg 950w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hanaa-Malallah-The-Looting-of-the-Museum-of-Art-2003-300x297.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hanaa-Malallah-The-Looting-of-the-Museum-of-Art-2003-768x760.jpg 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-90463" class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;"><a
style="color: #ba2025;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=53d09ea245&e=d206d0a40d"
moz-do-not-send="true">Hanaa
Malallah</a> (Iraq), <i>The
Looting of the Museum
of Art</i>, 2003.</span></p>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">As
the numbers of the dead and
displaced increase, a sense
of numbness grows. It began
with a hundred dead, then a
hundred more, and is rapidly
escalating into the tens of
thousands. In Iraq,
approximately a million
people were killed by the US
onslaught, the sheer scale
of death and the anonymity
surrounding it forcing a
sense distance from the rest
of the world. It is
difficult to wrap one’s head
around these numbers unless
there are stories attached
to each of the dead and
displaced.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Part
of the problem here is that
the international division
of humanity makes for unjust
accounting of human life:
were the Palestinians killed
in Gaza treated with as much
dignity as the Israelis
killed on 7 October? Are
their lives, and deaths,
assigned equal worth? The
uneven response to these
deaths, alongside the
uncritical acceptance of
this unevenness, suggests
that this international
division of humanity remains
in place and is not only
accepted, but also
perpetuated, by Western
leaders, who make allowances
for the killing of more
brown bodies than white
ones, the latter seen as
precious, the former seen as
disposable.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_90473"
class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90473" decoding="async"
class="wp-image-90473 size-full img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Abdel-Rahman-al-Muzayen-Untitled-2000.-.jpg"
alt="Abdel Rahman al-Muzayen (Palestine), Untitled, 2000."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Abdel-Rahman-al-Muzayen-Untitled-2000.-.jpg 735w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Abdel-Rahman-al-Muzayen-Untitled-2000.--228x300.jpg 228w"
sizes="(max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="735" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-90473" class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Abdel
Rahman al-Muzayen
(Palestine), <i>Untitled</i>,
2000.</span></p>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">During
the ‘humanitarian pause’, a
hostage transfer took place
through which Hamas and the
Palestinian factions
released 110 Israelis while
Israel <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=617ae55d7b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">released</a>
240 Palestinian women and
children. The stories of the
Israeli casualties, many of
them residents of
settlements near the Gaza
perimeter fence, and other
hostages such as the Thai
and Nepalese fieldworkers
are now well-known. Less
frequently discussed and
much less understood are the
stories of the Palestinian
casualties. Equally
disregarded is the fact that
after 7 October, Israel
launched a mass campaign to
detain over 3,000
Palestinians, including
nearly 200 children. There
are more Palestinians in
Israeli prisons <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=852605af33&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">now</a>
than before 7 October.
During the first four days
of the truce alone, Israel
arrested almost as many
Palestinians as it released
through the hostage
transfer.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">It
is of note that most (more
than <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=aef2f4c539&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">two-thirds</a>)
of the Palestinians released
from Israeli prisons are
never charged with any crime
and have been held in ‘<a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=c609f0d116&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">administrative
detention</a>’ in the
military’s legal system,
meaning that they are
held without a time limit,
‘without trial [and] without
having committed an offence,
on the grounds that he or
she plans to break the law
in the future’, as defined
by the human rights
organisation B’tselem. Some
of them have been lost in
the maze of the Israeli
incarceration system
indefinitely, unable to
exercise even the most basic
right of habeas corpus, with
no court appearance, no
access to a lawyer, and no
access to the evidence
against them. Israel
currently <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=e1c45db398&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">holds</a>
more than 7,000 Palestinian
political prisoners, many of
them associated with
left-wing factions (such as
the Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine and
the Democratic Front for the
Liberation of Palestine).
More than 2,000 of these
prisoners are being held in
administrative detention.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Many
of these Palestinian
prisoners are children. Many
of them spend years in the
Israeli system, often under
administrative detention,
unable to make a case for
their release. The Defence
for Children International
(Palestine) <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=15fe3f64a2&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">reports</a>
that 500–700 children are
detained each year, and a
chilling <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=63e1249fc1&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">report</a>
from the United Nations
Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in
2015 showed that Israel is
in full violation of the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=4658163b3d&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">UN
Convention on the Rights
of the Child</a> (1990).
Article 37 of the convention
says that the ‘arrest,
detention, or imprisonment
of a child shall be in
conformity with the law and
shall be used only as a
measure of last resort and
for the shortest appropriate
period of time’. As multiple
cases show, Israel uses
arrests as a measure of <i>first</i>
resort and holds children
for long periods of time.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Defence
for Children International <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=5f81051a6b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">studied</a>
sworn affidavits from 766
child detainees from the
occupied West Bank arrested
between 1 January 2016 and
31 December 2022. The
following data emerged from
their analysis:</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">75%
were subjected to physical
violence.<br>
80% were strip-searched.<br>
97% were interrogated
without a family member
present.<br>
66% were not properly
informed of their rights.<br>
55% were shown or made to
sign a paper in Hebrew, a
language most Palestinian
children do not understand.<br>
59% were arrested at night.<br>
86% were not informed of the
reason for their arrest.<br>
58% were subjected to verbal
abuse, humiliation, or
intimidation during or after
their arrest.<br>
23% were detained in
solitary confinement for
interrogation purposes for a
period of two or more days.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_90483"
class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90483" decoding="async"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-90483 size-full img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Sliman-Mansour-Prison-1982.jpg"
alt="Sliman Mansour (Palestine), Prison, 1982."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Sliman-Mansour-Prison-1982.jpg 950w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Sliman-Mansour-Prison-1982-300x253.jpg 300w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Sliman-Mansour-Prison-1982-768x648.jpg 768w"
sizes="(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-90483" class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;"><a
style="color: #ba2025;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=73adc2b0c8&e=d206d0a40d"
moz-do-not-send="true">Sliman
Mansour</a>
(Palestine), <i>Prison</i>,
1982.</span></p>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">There
are thousands of untold
stories of the brutality
inflicted upon Palestinian
children. One of them, <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=1a0c6305ba&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Ahmad
Manasra</a>, was arrested
on 12 October 2015 at the
age of thirteen in occupied
East Jerusalem on the charge
that he stabbed two
Israelis: Yosef Ben-Shalom,
a twenty-year-old security
guard, and Naor Shalev
Ben-Ezra, a
thirteen-year-old boy, who
survived the attack. The
Israeli courts initially
found Ahmad guilty of the
stabbing but then changed
their opinion to say that
his fifteen-year-old cousin
Hassan Khalid Manasra, who
was shot dead at the scene,
had stabbed the two
Israelis. There was no
evidence of Ahmad’s
complicity, yet he was
sentenced to nine-and-a-half
years in prison.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Still
in prison, Ahmad Manasra
(now 21) has been held in
solitary confinement for
months on end. Khulood
Badawi of Amnesty
International <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=46a3c97ef4&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>
in late September that Ahmad
‘was taken to the mental
health unit at Ayalon prison
after spending the better
part of two years in
solitary confinement. The
Israeli Prison Service has
requested an extension of
Ahmad’s isolation for
another six months in brazen
violation of international
law. Prolonged solitary
confinement lasting more
than 15 days violates the
absolute prohibition of
torture and other cruel,
inhuman, or degrading
treatment’.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Ahmad’s
case took place during a
wave of what were called
‘knife attacks’, when young
Palestinians were accused of
rushing at Israeli military
posts with knives and were
then shot dead. At that
time, I investigated several
of these attacks and found
them to be based on little
more than the word of
Israeli soldiers. For
instance, on 17 December
2015, Israeli soldiers at
the Huwwara checkpoint shot
fifteen-year-old Abdullah
Hussein Ahmad Nasasra to
death. Eyewitnesses told me
that the boy had his hands
in the air when he was
fatally shot. One of them,
Nasser, told me that there
was no knife, and that he
‘saw them kill the boy’.
Kamal Badran Qabalan, an
ambulance driver, was not
allowed to retrieve the
body. The Israelis wanted
control over the body and
the story they would tell
about it.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Another
<a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=98318c074b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">story</a>
is that of
twenty-three-year-old Anas
al-Atrash in Hebron. Anas
and his brother Ismail
returned home from a week of
work in Jericho, their car
filled with fruits and
vegetables. At a checkpoint,
Anas got out of the car when
instructed to do so and an
Israeli soldier shot him
dead. The next morning,
Israeli media reported that
Anas tried to kill the
Israeli soldiers. The
journalist Ben Ehrenreich,
who reported the story with
a fierce determination for
the truth, sought out the
family’s version. Anas had
no interest in politics,
they told him. He was
studying accounting and
hoped to get married soon.
The Israeli soldiers and
intelligence officials kept
asking Ismail if his brother
had a knife. There was
simply no knife. Anas had
been killed in cold blood.
‘This is a savage country’,
an eyewitness <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=4833e748db&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">told</a>
Ehrenreich. ‘They have no
shame’. He meant the Israeli
soldiers.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_90493"
class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90493" decoding="async"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-90493 size-full img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hakim-Alakel-Yemen-The-Eye-of-the-Bird-2013.-.jpg"
alt="Hakim Alakel (Yemen), from the series The Eye of the Bird, 2013."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hakim-Alakel-Yemen-The-Eye-of-the-Bird-2013.-.jpg 700w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Hakim-Alakel-Yemen-The-Eye-of-the-Bird-2013.--300x214.jpg 300w"
sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="700" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-90493" class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;"><a
style="color: #ba2025;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d2d7b35548&e=d206d0a40d"
moz-do-not-send="true">Hakim
Alakel</a> (Yemen),
from the series <i>The
Eye of the Bird</i>,
2013.</span></p>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">The
grammar of the Israeli
occupation is to put
pressure on Palestinians
until an act of violence
takes place – a knife
attack, say, or even a
fabricated knife attack –
and then use that event as
an excuse to deepen the
displacement of Palestinians
with more illegal
settlements. The events that
have followed 7 October
maintain this logic. Israel
has used people like Anas,
Abdullah, and Ahmad, and the
fabricated narratives
surrounding their alleged
crimes, as the raison d’etre
to increase the demolition
of Palestinian homes and
expand illegal Israeli
settlements, accelerating
the Permanent Nakba.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Ten
years ago, I met with
Professor Nadera
Shalhoub-Kevorkian, who
teaches at Hebrew University
of Jerusalem.
Shaloub-Kevorkian studies
how the occupation produces
an everyday form of
victimhood that stretches
from the streets to
Palestinians’ most intimate
of spaces. Her book <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=5db67dfc08&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><i>Security
Theology, Surveillance,
and the Politics of Fear</i></a> (2015)
provides a glimpse into the
industry of fear that is
produced and reproduced in
the everyday violence
inflicted upon Palestinians
by settlers and the
military, including the
difficulties that
Palestinians face in giving
birth and burying their
dead. The depth of the
violence and uncertainty,
Shalhoub-Kevorkian writes,
moves Palestinian women to
speak of ‘being choked,
suffocated, or gagged’ and
has led many of their
children to <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=c43953c807&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #007C89;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">lose</a>
their will to live. There is
widespread social trauma in
Palestine or what
Shalhoub-Kevorkian calls
‘sociocide’: the death of
society.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">More
than fifty years of an
occupation and war have
created a strange dynamic.
Both Ehrenreich and
Shalhoub-Kevorkian’s work
offer windows into this
madness. Shalhoub-Kevorkian,
who lives in Jerusalem, told
me that she is part of a
group of women who walk
Palestinian children to
school each day, since it is
too dangerous for them to
confront the police and the
settlers on their own, or
even in the company of their
Palestinian family and
friends. ‘<i>Bikhawfuni</i>!’
(‘They scare me!’), one
girl, Marah (age 8), told
her.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">The
children draw pictures at
school. One of them drew a
clown, a Palestinian clown.
When Shalhoub-Kevorkian
asked the child (age 9) what
a Palestinian clown is, he
explained, ‘This is a
Palestinian clown. Clowns in
Palestine cry’.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_90503"
class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-90503" decoding="async"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-90503 size-full img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Abdul-Rahim-Nagori-Pakistan-Sabra-and-Shatila-1982.jpg"
alt="Abdul Rahim Nagori (Pakistan), Sabra and Shatila, 1982."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Abdul-Rahim-Nagori-Pakistan-Sabra-and-Shatila-1982.jpg 450w, https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Abdul-Rahim-Nagori-Pakistan-Sabra-and-Shatila-1982-245x300.jpg 245w"
sizes="(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px"
style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;padding-bottom: 0;display: inline;vertical-align: bottom;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="450" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-90503" class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;"><a
style="color: #ba2025;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;font-weight: normal;text-decoration: underline;"
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=384d3a04e7&e=d206d0a40d"
moz-do-not-send="true">Abdul
Rahim Nagori</a>
(Pakistan), <i>Sabra
and Shatila</i>, 1982.</span></p>
</div>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">The
poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz, who
moved to Beirut to edit the
magazine <i>Lotus</i> in
the aftermath of the 1977
military coup in Pakistan,
wrote with horror about the
plight and struggles of the
Palestinians:</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Tere
aaqa ne kiya ek Filistin
barbaad<br>
Mere zakhmon ne kiye kitne
Filistin aabaad.</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Your
enemies destroyed one
Palestine.<br>
My wounds populated many
Palestines.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Faiz’s
poem ‘A Lullaby for a
Palestinian Child’, written
during the Israeli invasion
of Lebanon in 1982, reflects
the reality facing
Palestinian children today:</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Don’t
cry children.<br>
Your mother has just cried
herself to sleep.</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Don’t
cry children.<br>
Your father has just left
this world of sorrow.</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Don’t
cry children,<br>
Your brother is in an alien
land.<br>
Your sister too has gone
there.</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Don’t
cry children.<br>
The dead sun has just been
bathed and the moon is
buried in the courtyard.</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Don’t
cry children.<br>
For if you cry,<br>
Your mother, father,
brother, and sister<br>
And the sun, and the moon<br>
Will make you cry ever more.</p>
<p
style="padding-left: 40px;margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Maybe
if you smile,<br>
They’ll one day return,
disguised<br>
to play with you.</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
<p
style="margin: 10px 0;padding: 0;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family: Helvetica;font-size: 16px;line-height: 150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
</span> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]--> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td id="templateFooter"
style="background: #FAFAFA none no-repeat center/cover;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;background-color: #FAFAFA;background-image: none;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-position: center;background-size: cover;border-top: 0;border-bottom: 0;padding-top: 9px;padding-bottom: 9px;"
valign="top">
<table class="mcnFollowBlock"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody class="mcnFollowBlockOuter">
<tr>
<td
style="padding: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowBlockInner" valign="top"
align="center">
<table class="mcnFollowContentContainer"
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-left: 9px;padding-right: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
align="center">
<table
style="min-width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContent"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top: 9px;padding-right: 9px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="top"
align="center">
<table
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
border="0"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="top"
align="center">
<!--[if mso]>
<table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="display: inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer" valign="top">
<table
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle" align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width=""
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle" align="center"> <a href="www.eltricontinental.org"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-link-48.png"
alt="Website"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true" width="24" height="24"></a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="display: inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer" valign="top">
<table
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle" align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width=""
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle" align="center"> <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=3f63b5f4b0&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-facebook-48.png"
alt="Facebook"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true" width="24" height="24"></a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="display: inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer" valign="top">
<table
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle" align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width=""
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle" align="center"> <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=1dbec19f3f&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-twitter-48.png"
alt="Twitter"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true" width="24" height="24"></a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="display: inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-right: 0;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer" valign="top">
<table
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 9px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle" align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width=""
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle" align="center"> <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=56ee9f9d34&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-instagram-48.png"
alt="Instagram"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline: none;text-decoration: none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;"
class=""
moz-do-not-send="true" width="24" height="24"></a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]--> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]-->
<!-- // END TEMPLATE --> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<center> <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<table id="canspamBarWrapper"
style="background-color: #FFFFFF;border-top: 1px solid #E5E5E5;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace: 0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom: 20px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="top" align="center"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<style type="text/css"></style> </center>
<img
src="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a29b041da7&e=d206d0a40d"
alt="" moz-do-not-send="true" width="1" height="1">
</div>
</body>
</html>