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<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">Ending Complicity in International Crimes: A Two-Way Arms Embargo on Israel</h1>
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<div class="gmail-reader-estimated-time">November 9, 2023<br></div>
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<div class="gmail-moz-reader-content gmail-reader-show-element"><div id="gmail-readability-page-1" class="gmail-page"><div><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The
undersigned organisations demand that States that have provided and
continue to provide arms and other forms of military assistance to
Israel, adhere to their legal obligations and act resolutely and
urgently to prevent Israel from perpetuating further international
crimes and other serious violations of international law. This includes
their obligations to prevent the commission of <a target="_blank">genocide</a>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>We remind these States that their
binding obligations under international humanitarian law, international
human rights law, international criminal law, and other international
law, including the United Nations (UN) Charter, require that they put an
immediate stop to such transfers, and suspend all licenses for arms
destined to Israel from their jurisdictions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>States parties to the Arms Trade
Treaty (ATT) have additional binding obligations under the treaty, and
so do States under relevant regional and national legal instruments on
arms control. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>We recall that providing arms or military support to Israel may make exporting States complicit in its actions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>States’ Facilitation of International Crimes against Palestinians through the Provision of Arms and Military Support</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Since the launching of its
large-scale retaliatory military offensive on Gaza on 7 October 2023,
the Israeli military has carried out indiscriminate, disproportionate
and other unlawful attacks against civilian infrastructure causing
widespread civilian casualties, including through the illegal use of <a target="_blank">explosive weapons</a> and <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/12/israel-white-phosphorus-used-gaza-lebanon" target="_blank">white phosphorus</a>. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>As of 2:00 pm on 7 November 2023, Israel’s military offensive has <a href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-32" target="_blank">resulted</a> in
the killing of 10,328 Palestinians, of whom 67 per cent are children
and women, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health. In addition,
about 2,450 Palestinians, including 1,350 children, have been reported
missing and are presumed to be trapped or dead under the rubble. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>As <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-briefing-notes/2023/10/israel-opt-update" target="_blank">“nowhere is safe in Gaza,”</a> Palestinian
civilians in besieged Gaza, including a million children, are trapped
in dire conditions under almost constant bombing, where they have no
access to safe shelter, food, water, electricity, or fuel. “The complete
siege of Gaza coupled with unfeasible evacuation orders and forcible
population transfers, is a violation of international humanitarian and
criminal law,” as <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/gaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-hospitals-and-schools-crimes-against-humanity" target="_blank">decried</a> by UN experts. On 27 October, the UN General Assembly, in a <a href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4025240?ln=en" target="_blank">resolution</a> adopted
at its emergency special session, stressed “the imperative, under
international humanitarian law, of ensuring that civilians are not
deprived of objects indispensable to their survival.” </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><a href="https://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/21878.html" target="_blank">Statements</a> by Israeli officials urged that <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/10/right-now-it-is-one-day-at-a-time-life-on-israels-frontline-with-gaza#:~:text=Speaking%20on%20Tuesday%20morning,%20IDF,damage%20and%20not%20on%20accuracy%E2%80%9D" target="_blank">“the emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy”</a>, and called for <a href="https://twitter.com/nissimv/status/1710694866009596169" target="_blank">“erasing the Gaza Strip from the face of the earth”.</a> In a span of under a week, Israel deployed around 6,000 bombs, almost the same <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/12/israel-seeks-end-hamas-gaza-war/" target="_blank">quantity</a> as the US had released in Afghanistan over the course of a year. We are particularly concerned with <a href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-18" target="_blank">reports</a> of
attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure, including attacks on
health personnel, journalists, hospitals, schools, mosques, churches,
bakeries, telecommunications infrastructure and areas marked for <a href="https://twitter.com/alhaq_org/status/1713276230517051825" target="_blank">safe passage.</a> Many
of these acts may amount to war crimes, crimes against humanity and
other grave violations of international law, including <a href="https://www.alhaq.org/advocacy/21898.html" target="_blank">incitement to commit acts of genocide. </a></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>UN human rights experts <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/10/gaza-un-experts-decry-bombing-hospitals-and-schools-crimes-against-humanity" target="_blank">sounded the alarm</a> on
19 October 2023, “There is an ongoing campaign by Israel resulting in
crimes against humanity in Gaza. Considering statements made by Israeli
political leaders and their allies, accompanied by military action in
Gaza and escalation of arrests and killing in the West Bank, there is
also a risk of genocide against the Palestine people”, emphasising that
“There are no justifications or exceptions for such crimes. We are
appalled by the inaction of the international community in the face of
belligerent war-mongering.” </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In addition to carpet-bombing
Gaza, Israel has escalated its repression and collective punishment
against the Palestinian people on both sides of the Green Line. Between 7
October and 12:00 pm on 7 November 2023, in the West Bank, including
Jerusalem, the Israeli occupying forces and settlers <a href="https://www.ochaopt.org/content/hostilities-gaza-strip-and-israel-flash-update-32" target="_blank">killed</a> 158
Palestinians, including 45 children. Furthermore, the Knesset’s
National Security Committee continued with “the government’s broader
plan to arm Jewish Israeli civilians”, by <a href="https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/10916" target="_blank">loosening Israel’s gun control</a> and <a href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-24/ty-article-magazine/.premium/israel-is-basically-telling-citizens-you-need-to-take-care-of-yourself/0000018b-6180-d312-a1fb-f7fb54730000" target="_blank">reportedly</a> making an additional 400,000 Jewish-Israelis eligible to have a licence for guns.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Continued Arms Transfers to Israel in Spite of Evidence of Crimes and Other Violations </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In the midst of these attacks,
and despite well-documented and reported grave violations and crimes
against the Palestinian population over the years, the supply of arms
and military support to Israel from the United States (US), — <a href="https://www.stimson.org/2023/in-shadow-of-war-a-snapshot-of-u-s-military-assistance-to-israel/" target="_blank">the largest single provider of military aid</a> to Israel for decades,— and from <a href="https://www.cjpme.org/pr_2023_06_12_arms_exports" target="_blank">Canada</a>, <a href="https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-03/2303_at_fact_sheet_2022_v2.pdf" target="_blank">Germany</a>, <a href="https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/commercio-armi-italia-israele" target="_blank">Italy</a>, the <a href="https://caat.org.uk/news/statement-on-uk-arms-exports-to-israel/" target="_blank">United Kingdom (UK)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/11/07/nederland-blijft-israel-f35-onderdelen-leveren-ondanks-waarschuwing-schending-oorlogsrecht-a4180072" target="_blank">Netherlands</a> —
States Parties to the ATT —, has continued. At its 2021 Special Session
on the grave human rights situation in the Occupied Palestinian
Territory, including East Jerusalem, the UN Human Rights Council <a href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3928090?ln=en" target="_blank">urged</a> all
States to refrain from transferring arms when they assess that there is
a clear risk that such arms might be used to commit or facilitate
serious violations or abuses of international human rights law or
serious violations of international humanitarian law. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Our organisations are alarmed by the reported news that some States, including the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/12/us-to-send-more-arms-to-israel-before-expected-gaza-invasion#:~:text=The%20US%20pledged%20to%20send,low%20in%20the%20blockaded%20enclave." target="_blank">US</a>, the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/12/uk-to-send-navy-ships-and-spy-planes-to-support-israel#:~:text=Britain%20will%20send%20surveillance%20aircraft,fighting%20in%20the%20Middle%20East." target="_blank">UK</a>, and <a href="https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/brussels-playbook/brussels-terror-attack-drives-home-risk-of-jihadist-wave/" target="_blank">Germany</a>,
have in recent days decided to supply additional military equipment or
‘fast-track’ the supply of military equipment to Israel, in spite of
ample evidence of war crimes being committed in Gaza. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>International Legal Obligations Relating to Arms Transfers </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Among the applicable international legal obligations: </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Customary international law </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Pursuant to customary
international law, as largely codified in the International Law
Commission’s Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for
Internationally Wrongful Acts of 2001, a State that aids or assists
another State in the commission of an internationally wrongful act by
the latter is internationally responsible for doing so if: (a) that
State does so with the knowledge of the circumstances of the
internationally wrongful act; and (b) the act would be internationally
wrongful if committed by that State (Article 16). </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>This applies to arms transfers,
as well as to other forms of support that make a significant
contribution to the unlawful act(s) such as logistical, technical or
financial support, intelligence, or provision of other equipment. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>International Humanitarian Law </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Common Article 1 to the four
Geneva Conventions of 1949 places a standing obligation on States to
“respect and ensure respect” for the Conventions’ protections in all
circumstances. In its authoritative commentary to Common Article 1, the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) explains that the
Article 1 obligation requires, inter alia, that States “refrain from
transferring weapons if there is an expectation, based on facts or
knowledge of past patterns, that the weapons would be used to violate
the Conventions.” </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The express purpose of the ATT
was to prevent and reduce human suffering by establishing common
international standards for the transfer of conventional weapons. Its
Preamble refers to the obligations to respect and ensure respect for
International Humanitarian Law and to respect and ensure respect for
human rights.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Under <a href="https://www.thearmstradetreaty.org/hyper-images/file/TheArmsTradeTreaty1/TheArmsTradeTreaty.pdf" target="_blank">Article 6(3) of the ATT</a>,
States Parties undertake not to authorise any transfer of conventional
arms if they have knowledge at the time of authorisation that arms or
items would be used in the commission of genocide, crimes against
humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, attacks
directed against civilian objects or civilians protected as such, or
other war crimes as defined by international agreements to which they
are a Party.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>Under <a href="https://www.thearmstradetreaty.org/hyper-images/file/TheArmsTradeTreaty1/TheArmsTradeTreaty.pdf" target="_blank">Articles 7 and 11</a>,
State Parties undertake not to authorise any export of conventional
arms, munitions, parts and components that would, inter alia, undermine
peace and security or be used to commit serious violations of
international humanitarian law and international human rights law. </p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>EU Common Position on Arms Exports 2008/944/CFSP </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>European Union (EU) <a href="https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/country-profiles_en" target="_blank">Member States</a> are also bound by the terms of the Council <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32008E0944" target="_blank">Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 December 2008</a> as
common rules governing the control of exports of military technology
and equipment, and are, inter alia, required to “deny an export licence
if there is a clear risk that the military technology or equipment to be
exported might be used in the commission of serious violations of
international humanitarian law.” </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>OSCE Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s (OSCE) <a href="https://www.osce.org/participating-states" target="_blank">members</a>, which include the US , are required to adhere to the <a href="https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/3/6/42313.pdf" target="_blank">OSCE Principles Governing Conventional Arms Transfers</a> (OSCE
Principles) in their arms export decisions. Principle 4 requires States
to “promote and, by means of an effective national control mechanism,
exercise due restraint in the transfer of conventional arms and related
technology.” In order to give effect to that principle, States “will
take into account” a number of factors in considering any proposed arms
exports. They are then required to avoid any transfers which breach any
or all of the OSCE criteria contained within the OSCE Principles. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>It is clear that the continued
supply of arms exports and military aid to Israel is in violation of all
these obligations. Over the years, unchecked and in many cases arguably
internationally unlawful military support to Israel has also enabled,
facilitated and maintained Israel’s decades-long settler-colonial and
apartheid regime imposed over the Palestinian people as a whole. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>A failure to take action may also
render States parties complicit in internationally wrongful acts
through the aiding or abetting of international crimes and may give rise
to the individual criminal responsibility of senior officials of these
States for aiding and abetting the commission of war crimes and crimes
against humanity under Article 25(3)(c) of the <a href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf" target="_blank">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.</a> Given
the overwhelming evidence, States providing weapons and other military
assistance to Israel cannot claim that they are unaware of the myriad of
serious violations of international law that are being, and have been,
committed for decades. The provision of military equipment and military
support to Israel with knowledge that they are likely to be used in
serious violations of international law, including international crimes,
invites charges of complicity. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>As Israel continues to import
weapons, with over USD 4 billion annually from the US and Germany alone,
it has also established itself as a leader in the cybersecurity and <a href="https://www.alhaq.org/cached_uploads/download/alhaq_files/images/stories/PDF/Submission_to_the_UN_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Right_to_Freedom_of_Opinion_and_Expression.pdf" target="_blank">surveillance</a> industry and is among the world’s largest exporters of weapons, <a href="https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-ranked-as-worlds-10th-biggest-arms-exporter-1001407631" target="_blank">ranking tenth</a> in
2022. Such technologies are often promoted as having been successfully
tested on the Palestinian population in the context of Israel’s
long-standing occupation during which they have also often been
developed. Our organisations therefore further demand that States put an
end to and denounce imports of arms and surveillance technology from
Israel. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Demands for Immediate Measures by States: </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Imposing a two-way arms embargo
on Israel is both a legal and a moral obligation. Pending such an
embargo, all States must immediately suspend all transfers of military
items and associated services and assistance to Israel. ATT States
Parties must immediately terminate current, and prohibit future
transfers to Israel of conventional arms, munitions, parts and
components referred to in Articles 2(1), 3 and 4 of the ATT. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In addition to imposing a two-way
arms embargo, States must also refrain from concluding any military
cooperation agreements, including military training and intelligence
operational cooperation, which could implicate them in international
crimes and other serious violations of international law.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Our organisations hence call on:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>1. All States to call for an
immediate ceasefire, the unconditional and unimpeded access of fuel and
humanitarian aid, including water, food, and medical supplies, into the
Gaza Strip to alleviate the dire humanitarian crisis, and the immediate
lifting of the 16-year-long illegal blockade and closure; </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>2. The US, the UK, Germany,
Canada, Italy, the Netherlands and other States that authorise the
continued transfer of arms, and other forms of military support to
Israel to:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Immediately bring an end to such transfers in accordance with their international law obligations, and</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Immediately halt the provision of
any materiel, equipment or other commodity that may foreseeably be used
in the commission of serious international law violations including
international crimes;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>3. States importing arms and surveillance technology from Israel to immediately halt all such imports; </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>4. Transit States to refuse to have their ports and airports used for transferring arms to Israel; and</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>5. All ATT States Parties to
cooperate within relevant international and regional organisations to
impose a two-way embargo on transfers of military items to and from
Israel, including by supporting the prompt organisation of an
extraordinary meeting of the Conference of States Parties, as provided
in Article 17.5 of the ATT.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Endorsing organisations, as of 18:00 Palestine time, 8 November 2023. This will be updated on a rolling basis. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>A Different Jewish Voice (Een Ander Joods Geluid)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>AIXARRA Restorative Justice Forum, based at the Centre for African Studies and Linguistics, University of Cape Town.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Al-Haq, Law in the Service of Man</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Alliance for Justice between Israelis and Palestinians</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Alrowwad Cultural and Arts Society</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Arab Network for Knowledge about Human Rights (ANKH)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aquarius Supervivienties</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Arab Center for Agricultural Development </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Arab Counseling Center for Education</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Arab Lawyers Association (UK)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Asociación Americana de Juristas </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Association Belgo-palestinienne WB</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Association des Universitaires pour le Respect du Droit International en Palestine (AURDIP)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Association France Palestine Solidarité (AFPS) France</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Association pour la promotion des droits humains </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Association pour les jumelages entre les camps de réfugiés palestiniens et les villes françaises </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Bahrain Institute for Rights and Democracy</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Balasan Initiative for Human Rights - Palestine</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Banglar Manabadhikar Suraksha Mancha (MASUM) </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>BDS Korea</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Belgian Academics and Artists for Palestine (BAA4P)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Bisan Center for Research and Development </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Bizilur - Lankidetzarako eta Herrien Garapenerako Erakundea</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Black Alliance For Peace</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Campaign Against Arms Trade</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Center for Defense of Liberties & Civil Rights “HURRYYAT”</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>CIVICUS</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>CNE CSC</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Coalition Burkinabè des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (CBDDH)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Coalition Togolaise des Défenseurs des Droits Humains (CTDDH)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Collectif Paix Palestine Israël [CPPI Saint-Denis]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Conectas Direitos Humanos</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Cultura è libertà una campagna per la Palestina</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Defence of Human Rights</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Defend our Democracy </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Deutsch-Palästinensiche Gesellschaft (DPG) e.V.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Egyptian Front for Human Rights (EFHR)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>El Nadim Center against Violence and Torture</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ensemble! Mouvement pour une Alternative de Gauche Ecologiste et Solidare</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Equal Education </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>European Coordination of Committees and Associations for Palestine - ECCP</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Forum Palestine Citoyenneté</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Fundación Mundubat</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Gaza Action Ireland</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Global Human Rights Group</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Goringhaicona Khoi Khoin Indigenous Traditional Council</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Housing and Land Rights Network - Habitat International Coalition</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Human Rights and Democracy Media Center (SHAMS)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>HuMENA for Human Rights and Civic Engagement</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>IBON International </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Impact Malaysia</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Impact4Good </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Indian Association of Lawyers</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>International Organization for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (EAFORD) </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Jews for Palestinian Right of Return</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Just Peace Advocates/Mouvement Pour Une Paix Juste</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Justiça Global</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Justitia Center for Legal Protection of Human Rights in Algeria</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Kurdish Human Rights Action Group (KHRAG)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Labor for Palestine</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Law for Palestine </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Libya Crimes Watch </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>L'union juive française pour la paix (UJFP) </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Majal.org</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Maldivian Democracy Network (MDN)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>MENA Rights Group</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mining Affected Communities
United in Action (MACUA-South Africa), Women Affected by Mining United
in Action (WAMUA- South Africa) & Youth Affected by Mining United in
Action (YAMUA- South Africa)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Namibia Diverse Women’s Association </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>National Lawyers Guild - Midwest Region</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>National Lawyers Guild - St. Louis Chapter</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>National Lawyers Guild International Committee</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>National Lawyers Guild Palestine Subcommittee</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Network of the Independent Commission for Human Rights in North Africa </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>New Weapons Research Group (NWRG), Italy</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Palestinian and Jewish Unity (PAJU)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>People’s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy (PSPD)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Platform of French NGOs for Palestine</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Programme Against Custodial Torture & Impunity (PACTI) </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Project on Organizing, Development, Education, and Research (PODER)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Promoting Empowerment Through Awareness for Lesbian and Bisexual Women [PETAL]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Refugees in Libya </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Rete Italiana Pace Disarmo</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sexual Rights Initiative</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>SHOAA for Human Rights - شعاع لحقوق الإنسان </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sinai Foundation for Human Rights</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Stop Fuelling War, Cessez d'alimenter la Guerre</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Tamer institute for Community Education </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Civic Coalition for Jerusalem</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Community Action Center at Al-Quds University</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Palestine Institute for Public Diplomacy (PIPD)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Regional Coalition for Women Human Rights Defenders in South West Asia and North Africa (also known as WHRDMENA)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>The Rights Forum</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Union Juive Française pour la Paix (UJFP) </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Union of Agricultural Work Committees (UAWC)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Vredesactie- Belgium</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>WomanHealth Philippines</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Women in Black Vienna</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Women’s Center for Legal Aid and Counselling</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Women’s Library, West Bengal, India. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Worldwide Lawyers Association</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
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