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                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;">
                                                          <span
                                                          style="font-size:18px"><strong>September
                                                          7th, 2023</strong></span>
                                                          </p>
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style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:top;display:table-cell;padding:0em
                                                          0em 0em
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                                                          <h1
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:.5em 0;border:none;text-align:center;"><a
config="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"
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tf6f7aa3e-2b83-4dd8-a6ed-e52479c00ba3/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
                                                          track="true"
                                                          lid="f6f7aa3e-2b83-4dd8-a6ed-e52479c00ba3"
                                                          target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><b>Elliott Abrams and the People of Central
                                                          America: Never
                                                          Forget!</b></a>
                                                          </h1>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <i>By
                                                          James Phillips</i>
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <i><span
style="background:white">(James Phillips is a cultural and political
                                                          anthropologist
                                                          who has lived
                                                          in Nicaragua
                                                          and Honduras
                                                          and has
                                                          studied
                                                          Central
                                                          America for
                                                          many years.
                                                          His latest
                                                          book is: </span></i><a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T56869a23-944a-4379-a103-90f7a7083f6e/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="56869a23-944a-4379-a103-90f7a7083f6e" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><i><span style="background:white">Extracting
                                                          Honduras:
                                                          Resource
                                                          Exploitation,
                                                          Displacement,
                                                          and Forced
                                                          Migration</span></i></a><i><span
style="background:white">.)</span></i> </p>
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style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);border-width:0;padding:0;">
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style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:top;border-width:0;padding:0;overflow:hidden;"
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style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:top;display:table-cell;width:50%;overflow:hidden;">
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                                                          style="overflow:hidden;">
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                                                          entity-id="b25e1f23-0a9c-4534-8ba5-a51611f9290d"
id="id_55660573-3401-448f-a61f-834fd0c5506c_img" max-width="544" alt=""
style="max-width:100%;border:0;display:block;float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:100%;"
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                                                          media-object"
src="https://default.salsalabs.org/2f449b05-5683-4aa3-845e-6a6924409da7/b25e1f23-0a9c-4534-8ba5-a51611f9290d.png"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="580" align="middle"> </div>
                                                          <div
                                                          class="media-body
media-body-center" style="overflow:hidden;zoom:1;text-align:center;">
                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-align:center;">
                                                          <em>As
                                                          Reagan’s
                                                          Assistant
                                                          Secretary of
                                                          State for
                                                          Inter-American
                                                          Affairs,
                                                          Abrams was
                                                          largely
                                                          responsible
                                                          for policies
                                                          and practices
                                                          that created
                                                          murder,
                                                          mayhem, and
                                                          misery in
                                                          Central
                                                          America.
                                                          Photo: NDLON</em>
                                                          </p>
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                                                class="sli-email-element
                                                sli-text"
style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);border-width:0;padding:0;">
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style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:top;border-width:0;padding:0;">
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                                                    style="display:table;"
                                                    width="100%"
                                                    cellspacing="0"
                                                    cellpadding="0">
                                                    <tbody
                                                      style="display:table-row-group;">
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                                                        style="display:table-row;">
                                                        <td
                                                          id="id_90dc844e-eb98-4f66-8caf-3fd7b49df9d3"
style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:top;display:table-cell;padding:0em
                                                          0em 0em
0em;border-color:#000000;border-width:0px;border-style:none;border-radius:0px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;background-attachment:scroll;background-size:cover;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin-left:0;margin-right:auto;float:none;clear:both;">
                                                          <div
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="text-align:start">
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Elliott
                                                          Abrams is
                                                          being
                                                          considered for
                                                          a position on
                                                          the State
                                                          Department’s
                                                          Advisory
                                                          Commission on
                                                          Public
                                                          Diplomacy.
                                                          According to
                                                          its <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tb9edaf1d-eda9-4f05-86b9-51be13778a11/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="b9edaf1d-eda9-4f05-86b9-51be13778a11" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">website<span style="text-underline:none">,</span></a>
                                                          the
                                                          Commission’s
                                                          work is
                                                          “appraising
                                                          U.S.
                                                          government
                                                          activities
                                                          intended to
                                                          understand,
                                                          inform, and
                                                          influence
                                                          foreign
                                                          publics and to
                                                          increase the
                                                          understanding
                                                          of, and
                                                          support for,
                                                          these same
                                                          activities.”
                                                          What this
                                                          neutral
                                                          sounding
                                                          language means
                                                          in practice is
                                                          whatever it
                                                          takes to
                                                          extend and
                                                          maintain U.S.
                                                          control of
                                                          other
                                                          countries. The
                                                          <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Td57d835b-7efd-4af6-9f11-99a7ce67121c/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="d57d835b-7efd-4af6-9f11-99a7ce67121c" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">activities of Elliott Abrams over the past forty
                                                          years</a>
                                                          provide some
                                                          of the worst
                                                          examples of
                                                          this mission,
                                                          and of a
                                                          blatant
                                                          disregard for
                                                          the
                                                          sovereignty,
                                                          rights, and
                                                          lives of
                                                          others. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>To
                                                          send email
                                                          messages to
                                                          President
                                                          Biden and your
                                                          Senators
                                                          opposing the
                                                          Elliott Abrams
                                                          nomination, </b><a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T097583ea-0549-44cf-a937-abd611569598/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="097583ea-0549-44cf-a937-abd611569598" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><b>click here</b></a><b>! </b> </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Abrams’
                                                          entire career
                                                          in public
                                                          office has
                                                          been guided by
                                                          his apparent
                                                          belief that
                                                          the killing,
                                                          torture, and
                                                          misery of any
                                                          number of
                                                          Latin
                                                          Americans (and
                                                          others) is
                                                          justified in
                                                          the name of
                                                          protecting the
                                                          "security' of
                                                          the United
                                                          States. This
                                                          is the essence
                                                          of the
                                                          so-called <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T0d1ba31b-a31c-454d-a967-874dd2fa5989/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="0d1ba31b-a31c-454d-a967-874dd2fa5989" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">National Security Doctrine </a>that was employed
                                                          by all of the
                                                          violent
                                                          military
                                                          dictatorships
                                                          of Latin
                                                          America in the
                                                          1970s and
                                                          1980s. It was
                                                          and remains
                                                          very much a
                                                          central part
                                                          of the
                                                          thinking of
                                                          many in the
                                                          U.S.
                                                          government,
                                                          such as Mr.
                                                          Abrams. The
                                                          "security"
                                                          justification
                                                          in this
                                                          context was
                                                          and is a lie,
                                                          an excuse for
                                                          eliminating
                                                          all dissent
                                                          and extending
                                                          control over a
                                                          population. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> As
                                                          Assistant
                                                          Secretary of
                                                          State for
                                                          Inter-American
                                                          Affairs,
                                                          Abrams was
                                                          largely
                                                          responsible
                                                          for policies
                                                          and practices
                                                          that created
                                                          murder,
                                                          mayhem, and
                                                          misery in
                                                          Central
                                                          America, and
                                                          that still
                                                          haunt the
                                                          region today,
                                                          largely
                                                          because people
                                                          like Abrams
                                                          are still in
                                                          positions of
                                                          influence in
                                                          Washington.
                                                          “These same
                                                          guys that
                                                          caused so much
                                                          misery in the
                                                          1980s are
                                                          still walking
                                                          the streets
                                                          freely,” a
                                                          Honduran woman
                                                          told me after
                                                          the 2009 coup
                                                          in her
                                                          country. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> In the
                                                          early 1980s,
                                                          Abrams helped
                                                          to oversee the
                                                          Guatemalan
                                                          Army’s
                                                          genocide of
                                                          four hundred
                                                          Mayan villages
                                                          where men,
                                                          women, and
                                                          children were
                                                          systematically
                                                          slaughtered.
                                                          Because the
                                                          authors of <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tcbfaa896-e271-4cc1-8859-71d6378869cf/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="cbfaa896-e271-4cc1-8859-71d6378869cf" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">this genocide</a> remained in power, it took
                                                          decades to
                                                          bring anyone
                                                          to justice for
                                                          this <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T3c032af0-e419-48c9-b22a-f76d824bf617/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="3c032af0-e419-48c9-b22a-f76d824bf617" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">atrocity<span style="text-underline:none">. </span></a> Abrams
                                                          and the Reagan
                                                          Administration
                                                          continued to
                                                          support the
                                                          genocidal
                                                          Guatemalan
                                                          military in
                                                          the face of
                                                          international
                                                          condemnation.
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Abrams
                                                          had a large
                                                          hand in
                                                          directing U.S.
                                                          policy in El
                                                          Salvador, in
                                                          the 1980s,
                                                          when the
                                                          country’s
                                                          military
                                                          engaged in a
                                                          long and
                                                          brutal series
                                                          of
                                                          assassinations
                                                          and massacres,
                                                          with the
                                                          excuse of
                                                          guarding the
                                                          nation against
                                                          the
                                                          “communist”
                                                          insurgency of
                                                          the Farabundo
                                                          Marti National
                                                          Liberation
                                                          Front (FMLN).
                                                          The most
                                                          infamous
                                                          example
                                                          occurred in
                                                          the community
                                                          of <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T7a5284b4-c490-4877-9d8b-7bb8830500d6/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="7a5284b4-c490-4877-9d8b-7bb8830500d6" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">El Mozote</a>, where the Salvadoran military
                                                          massacred
                                                          1,000 innocent
                                                          people for
                                                          allegedly
                                                          aiding the
                                                          FMLN. The
                                                          government and
                                                          the military
                                                          adopted the
                                                          assassination
                                                          tool that came
                                                          to be known as
                                                          the <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tb78d8cbc-b23a-47f6-998b-fcbaaa6c93ab/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="b78d8cbc-b23a-47f6-998b-fcbaaa6c93ab" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">“death squad,”</a> (<i>esquadrón de la muerte</i>),
                                                          that was
                                                          widely used
                                                          also in
                                                          Honduras and
                                                          Guatemala. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          Salvador
                                                          military also
                                                          targeted
                                                          progressive
                                                          sectors of the
                                                          Catholic
                                                          Church,
                                                          assassinating
                                                          Archbishop
                                                          Oscar Romero,
                                                          several
                                                          priests, four
                                                          U.S. church
                                                          women, six
                                                          Jesuit faculty
                                                          of the
                                                          University of
                                                          Central
                                                          America in San
                                                          Salvador and
                                                          their
                                                          housekeeper
                                                          and her
                                                          daughter, and
                                                          an unknown
                                                          number of
                                                          Delegates of
                                                          the Word and
                                                          other lay
                                                          church
                                                          leaders. It
                                                          was said that
                                                          the military
                                                          trained to the
                                                          chant of ”Be a
                                                          patriot, kill
                                                          a priest.” At
                                                          this time, El
                                                          Salvador was
                                                          the third
                                                          largest
                                                          recipient of
                                                          U.S. military
                                                          and economic
                                                          aid (behind
                                                          only Israel
                                                          and Egypt).
                                                          U.S.
                                                          Representative
                                                          Joe Moakley
                                                          (D-MA) led a
                                                          Congressional
                                                          fact-finding
                                                          delegation and
                                                          issued a <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T5dc0cc42-8861-49df-aa51-f150996695a0/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="5dc0cc42-8861-49df-aa51-f150996695a0" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">report</a> that was a scathing denunciation of
                                                          the use of
                                                          U.S. aid for
                                                          the Salvadoran
                                                          military
                                                          engaged in
                                                          such human
                                                          rights
                                                          disasters. In
                                                          response,
                                                          Abrams applied
                                                          his talents as
                                                          a spin-master
                                                          to excuse and
                                                          whitewash
                                                          these
                                                          atrocities. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> With
                                                          Abrams, in the
                                                          1980s the
                                                          Reagan
                                                          Administration
                                                          worked to make
                                                          Honduras its
                                                          most reliable
                                                          <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T0fef0e86-af65-49a9-8057-129b01dfeb60/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="0fef0e86-af65-49a9-8057-129b01dfeb60" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">colony and the platform for U.S. intervention</a>
                                                          and control of
                                                          the region.
                                                          The U.S.
                                                          military
                                                          expanded its
                                                          presence in
                                                          the country
                                                          and its close
                                                          working
                                                          relationship
                                                          with the
                                                          Honduran
                                                          military. Many
                                                          Hondurans
                                                          today recall
                                                          that as one of
                                                          the worst
                                                          periods of
                                                          political
                                                          repression in
                                                          the country’s
                                                          history.
                                                          Student
                                                          activists,
                                                          labor leaders,
                                                          and others
                                                          were
                                                          disappeared
                                                          and often
                                                          found dead and
                                                          mutilated.
                                                          Military
                                                          roadblocks
                                                          were
                                                          everywhere;
                                                          soldiers
                                                          checked
                                                          everyone
                                                          riding on
                                                          public
                                                          transportation.
                                                          Young men were
                                                          systematically
                                                          rounded up and
                                                          jailed,
                                                          disappeared,
                                                          or forced into
                                                          the Honduran
                                                          military. The
                                                          Honduran
                                                          Army’s <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tc7b6087e-e0f3-495b-8258-40d37d7692d5/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="c7b6087e-e0f3-495b-8258-40d37d7692d5" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Battalion 316 </a>became notorious as a death
                                                          squad used to
                                                          assassinate
                                                          leading
                                                          critics of the
                                                          U.S. or of the
                                                          neoliberal
                                                          economy the
                                                          government was
                                                          developing. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Under
                                                          pressure from
                                                          the Reagan
                                                          Administration,
                                                          the Honduran
                                                          government and
                                                          the army
                                                          allowed the
                                                          south of the
                                                          country, along
                                                          the Nicaraguan
                                                          border, to be
                                                          turned into a
                                                          safe zone
                                                          where U.S.
                                                          trainers,
                                                          supplies, and
                                                          advisers were
                                                          funneled to
                                                          Contra camps,
                                                          and where
                                                          Contra
                                                          officers
                                                          recruited
                                                          young men
                                                          among the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          refugees in
                                                          the large
                                                          refugee camp
                                                          near
                                                          Jacaleapa. The
                                                          Honduran
                                                          government was
                                                          not always
                                                          comfortable
                                                          with the U.S.
                                                          using the
                                                          country as the
                                                          staging point
                                                          for war
                                                          against
                                                          Honduras’
                                                          neighbors,
                                                          especially
                                                          Nicaragua.
                                                          When the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          army chased
                                                          some Contra
                                                          forces out of
                                                          northern
                                                          Nicaragua and
                                                          back into
                                                          Honduras, the
                                                          U.S.
                                                          government
                                                          spread <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T54abcdee-442c-4246-a6de-8c02a00d7b93/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="54abcdee-442c-4246-a6de-8c02a00d7b93" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">the story that Nicaragua was invading Honduras</a>.
                                                          When asked
                                                          about this,
                                                          Honduran
                                                          President
                                                          Azcona denied
                                                          that there was
                                                          any Nicaraguan
                                                          invasion. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Abrams
                                                          was adept at
                                                          peddling fear
                                                          as a weapon. I
                                                          could not find
                                                          many people in
                                                          Honduras who
                                                          really
                                                          believed
                                                          Abrams and
                                                          Reagan when
                                                          they lied that
                                                          Sandinista
                                                          Nicaragua was
                                                          preparing to
                                                          invade
                                                          Honduras and
                                                          turn it into a
                                                          communist
                                                          dictatorship.
                                                          In neighboring
                                                          Nicaragua,
                                                          however,
                                                          everyone lived
                                                          with the fear
                                                          that the
                                                          United States
                                                          would invade
                                                          Nicaragua at
                                                          any moment. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Under the
                                                          Reagan
                                                          Administration,
                                                          Abrams was one
                                                          of the chief
                                                          agents in
                                                          organizing,
                                                          funding, and
                                                          sustaining the
                                                          Contra War in
                                                          which the
                                                          United States
                                                          used legal and
                                                          illegal means
                                                          to fund, arm,
                                                          train, and
                                                          advise the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          Contra forces
                                                          to destroy the
                                                          Sandinista-led
                                                          popular
                                                          revolution. In
                                                          1979, that
                                                          revolution had
                                                          finally
                                                          toppled the
                                                          45-year
                                                          dictatorship
                                                          of the Somoza
                                                          family that
                                                          had brutally
                                                          ruled
                                                          Nicaragua with
                                                          the blessing
                                                          of eight U.S.
Administrations from Franklin Roosevelt to Jimmy Carter. By 1981, Reagan
                                                          and his posse
                                                          were
                                                          determined to
                                                          topple the
                                                          revolution.
                                                          Abrams lent
                                                          his skills
                                                          enthusiastically
                                                          to this
                                                          effort. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Td8957f22-9498-4d19-8a67-a7e2fbed4c5a/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="d8957f22-9498-4d19-8a67-a7e2fbed4c5a" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">The Iran-Contra Affair</a> shows how far-reaching
                                                          and cynical
                                                          were the
                                                          efforts of
                                                          Abrams and his
                                                          associates.
                                                          The Reagan
                                                          Administration
                                                          secretly
                                                          brokered an
                                                          illegal deal
                                                          to sell
                                                          weapons to the
                                                          Islamic
                                                          revolutionary
                                                          government of
                                                          Iran, the same
                                                          government
                                                          that Reagan
                                                          was publicly
                                                          denouncing as
                                                          an evil and
                                                          repressive
                                                          regime seeking
                                                          to destabilize
                                                          the Middle
                                                          East. The
                                                          money from the
                                                          sale of these
                                                          arms was then
                                                          used to
                                                          illegally fund
                                                          the equipping,
                                                          training, and
                                                          support of the
                                                          emerging
                                                          Contra forces
                                                          on the border
                                                          between
                                                          Honduras and
                                                          Nicaragua.
                                                          When
                                                          questioned
                                                          about this by
                                                          the 1987 <span
style="background:white">Iran-Contra </span>Congressional investigative
                                                          committee,
                                                          Abrams lied,
                                                          but he managed
                                                          to avoid
                                                          actual
                                                          prosecution
                                                          and returned
                                                          to a position
                                                          of influence
                                                          in the
                                                          Administration.
                                                          <span
                                                          style="background:white">In
                                                          1991, he
                                                          pleaded guilty
                                                          to two
                                                          offenses of
                                                          lying to
                                                          Congress. He
                                                          was pardoned
                                                          by President
                                                          George H. W.
                                                          Bush.</span> </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>To
                                                          send email
                                                          messages to
                                                          President
                                                          Biden and your
                                                          Senators
                                                          opposing the
                                                          Elliott Abrams
                                                          nomination, </b><a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T159999c1-d8bf-4474-bddf-f97aa29e48b9/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="159999c1-d8bf-4474-bddf-f97aa29e48b9" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><b>click here</b></a><b>! </b> </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Abrams
                                                          and his
                                                          associates
                                                          also found
                                                          another
                                                          (illegal and
                                                          destructive)
                                                          way to fund
                                                          the Contra
                                                          war. In August
                                                          1996, Pulitzer
                                                          Prize-winning
                                                          journalist
                                                          Gary Webb
                                                          stunned the
                                                          world with a
                                                          series of
                                                          articles in
                                                          the <i>San
                                                          Jose Mercury
                                                          News </i>reporting
                                                          the results of
                                                          his year-long
                                                          investigation
                                                          into the roots
                                                          of the crack
                                                          cocaine
                                                          epidemic in
                                                          the United
                                                          States,
                                                          specifically
                                                          in Los
                                                          Angeles. The
                                                          series,
                                                          entitled “Dark
                                                          Alliance,”
                                                          revealed that
                                                          for the better
                                                          part of the
                                                          1980s a Bay
                                                          Area drug ring
                                                          sold tons of
                                                          cocaine to Los
                                                          Angeles street
                                                          gangs and
                                                          funneled
                                                          millions in
                                                          drug profits
                                                          to the
                                                          CIA-backed
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          Contras. This
                                                          arrangement
                                                          helped to
                                                          destroy the
                                                          lives of
                                                          people in Los
                                                          Angeles
                                                          neighborhoods
                                                          and the lives
                                                          of Nicaraguan
                                                          peasants
                                                          thousands of
                                                          miles away. A
                                                          <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Td594dac7-160f-43fe-a3bd-9e93ede05c23/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="d594dac7-160f-43fe-a3bd-9e93ede05c23" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Justice Department investigation </a>confirmed
                                                          much of Webb’s
                                                          findings. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          strategy of
                                                          the Nicaraguan
                                                          Contras was
                                                          shaped and
                                                          directed by
                                                          Abrams and
                                                          others who
                                                          referred to it
                                                          as
                                                          “low-intensity
                                                          conflict.” It
                                                          was anything
                                                          but
                                                          low-intensity
                                                          for the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          people who
                                                          lived through
                                                          the nightmare.
                                                          The strategy
                                                          was to target
                                                          not the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          Sandinista
                                                          army but
                                                          rather the
                                                          civilian
                                                          population,
                                                          especially the
                                                          small farmers
                                                          and peasants
                                                          in hundreds of
                                                          rural
                                                          communities
                                                          throughout the
                                                          country; to
                                                          make life
                                                          unbearable so
                                                          that the
                                                          people would
                                                          turn against
                                                          the Sandinista
                                                          government or
                                                          be unable to
                                                          support it. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The CIA
                                                          wrote and
                                                          distributed to
                                                          Contra
                                                          soldiers and
                                                          others a <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T648221a1-d3de-4da8-84fe-10613d318651/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="648221a1-d3de-4da8-84fe-10613d318651" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">how-to manual </a>for performing acts of
                                                          sabotage
                                                          against daily
                                                          life,
                                                          especially
                                                          anything that
                                                          was related to
                                                          the Nicaraguan
                                                          government. It
                                                          was a manual
                                                          on how to
                                                          conduct
                                                          “psychological
                                                          operations” to
                                                          terrorize the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          population.
                                                          CIA Director
                                                          William Casey
                                                          defended the
                                                          manual as an
                                                          “educational”
                                                          tool. When
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          brought a <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T099d6f80-62eb-420d-adf5-6dbe651c9e4f/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="099d6f80-62eb-420d-adf5-6dbe651c9e4f" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">case against the U.S. in the World Court </a>in
                                                          1984, the
                                                          manual was one
                                                          piece of the
                                                          evidence
                                                          against the
                                                          Reagan
                                                          Administration.
                                                          The World
                                                          Court directed
                                                          the U.S. to
                                                          pay Nicaragua
                                                          for damages
                                                          caused by the
                                                          war, but the
                                                          Reagan
                                                          Administration
                                                          ignored the
                                                          Court. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> I was in
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          during the
                                                          Contra War,
                                                          witnessing and
                                                          documenting
                                                          its effects in
                                                          rural
                                                          communities.
                                                          Putting aside
                                                          all of the
                                                          bureaucratic
                                                          and political
                                                          rhetoric of
                                                          the
                                                          instigators in
                                                          far-away
                                                          Washington,
                                                          this is what
                                                          the Contra War
                                                          was like for
                                                          so many
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          communities.
                                                          This
                                                          description of
                                                          one out of
                                                          hundreds of
                                                          such incidents
                                                          is taken
                                                          almost
                                                          verbatim from
                                                          my field notes
                                                          written at the
                                                          time. The
                                                          names are
                                                          real, not
                                                          pseudonyms; I
                                                          think these
                                                          people should
                                                          be remembered.
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> At 7 p.m.
                                                          on the night
                                                          of May 20,
                                                          1986, Contra
                                                          forces
                                                          attacked the
                                                          small rural
                                                          community of
                                                          Teodosio
                                                          Pravia (twelve
                                                          families),
                                                          east of the
                                                          city of
                                                          Estelí. A
                                                          small group of
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          army soldiers
                                                          and local men
                                                          held off the
                                                          full Contra
                                                          attack until
                                                          most of the
                                                          women and
                                                          children could
                                                          flee up the
                                                          hill on a path
                                                          in the dark to
                                                          the
                                                          neighboring
                                                          community of
                                                          Sandino
                                                          (fifteen
                                                          families). The
                                                          Contra forces
                                                          swept into
                                                          Pravia,
                                                          capturing one
                                                          woman and
                                                          holding her as
                                                          a human
                                                          shield. They
                                                          burned to
                                                          ashes almost a
                                                          dozen wooden
                                                          houses, two
                                                          storage sheds
                                                          full of seed
                                                          potatoes, and
                                                          the
                                                          schoolhouse. 
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Then they
                                                          turned their
                                                          attention to
                                                          the Sandino
                                                          community.
                                                          They attacked
                                                          with mortars
                                                          and grenades,
                                                          shooting and
                                                          looting
                                                          houses.
                                                          Hermida
                                                          Talavera, 12,
                                                          and her
                                                          brother
                                                          Rafael, 10,
                                                          were in the
                                                          house of their
                                                          cousin Jesus,
                                                          15, when a
                                                          mortar shell
                                                          struck the
                                                          roof. It is
                                                          uncertain
                                                          whether the
                                                          three children
                                                          were killed by
                                                          the bursting
                                                          shell, the
                                                          collapse of
                                                          the roof, or
                                                          the grenade
                                                          that a Contra
                                                          soldier threw
                                                          into the
                                                          house. When I
                                                          visited the
                                                          scene a few
                                                          days later, I
                                                          saw the blood
                                                          of the three
                                                          children
                                                          splattered on
                                                          the wall of
                                                          the house. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Silivio
                                                          Chavarria, a
                                                          Ministry of
                                                          Agrarian
                                                          Reform worker
                                                          with a wife
                                                          and children
                                                          in Estelí,
                                                          happened to be
                                                          in Sandino
                                                          community that
                                                          night after he
                                                          and his work
                                                          partner,
                                                          Julio, had
                                                          spent the day
                                                          working with
                                                          the people. A
                                                          Contra soldier
                                                          threw a
                                                          grenade that
                                                          injured
                                                          Silvio’s leg
                                                          so he could
                                                          not move.
                                                          After the
                                                          attack, his
                                                          badly
                                                          mutilated body
                                                          was found.
                                                          Some people
                                                          said they
                                                          heard screams
                                                          that night and
                                                          thought he
                                                          might have
                                                          been tortured.
                                                          When I visited
                                                          Julio a few
                                                          days later in
                                                          Estelí, he
                                                          recounted
                                                          these details
                                                          about Silvio.
                                                          Julio himself
                                                          was injured;
                                                          his leg
                                                          bandaged. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          Contras also
                                                          killed Marta
                                                          Tinoco, 21, a
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          Army soldier
                                                          and daughter
                                                          of peasant
                                                          farmers, and
                                                          they destroyed
                                                          the
                                                          communications
                                                          radio she was
                                                          using to call
                                                          for help. They
                                                          killed a
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          army
                                                          lieutenant,
                                                          Marco
                                                          Cascante, and
                                                          two Ministry
                                                          of Housing
                                                          workers who
                                                          were in the
                                                          community
                                                          helping to
                                                          build
                                                          houses—Juan
                                                          Francisco
                                                          Lumbi and
                                                          Concepción
                                                          López Vargas.
                                                          In all, eight
                                                          were killed,
                                                          including six
                                                          civilians,
                                                          three of whom
                                                          were children.
                                                          Sixteen others
                                                          in the
                                                          communities
                                                          were injured,
                                                          and more might
                                                          have been
                                                          killed if they
                                                          had not
                                                          managed to
                                                          escape into
                                                          the forest in
                                                          the dark. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          Contra forces
                                                          also destroyed
                                                          or damaged at
                                                          least fourteen
                                                          houses, three
                                                          storehouses,
                                                          several
                                                          thousand
                                                          pounds of seed
                                                          potatoes, a
                                                          schoolhouse,
                                                          and three
                                                          trucks
                                                          belonging to
                                                          the Ministry
                                                          of Housing.
                                                          They
                                                          slaughtered
                                                          animals
                                                          belonging to
                                                          community
                                                          members,
                                                          looted
                                                          personal
                                                          belongings and
                                                          small personal
                                                          savings, and
                                                          took an
                                                          estimated ten
                                                          thousand
                                                          dollars (seven
                                                          million
                                                          Córdobas) the
                                                          Sandino
                                                          community had
                                                          gotten from
                                                          the sale of
                                                          potatoes. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> When I
                                                          visited, it
                                                          was a scene of
                                                          bizarre
                                                          devastation.
                                                          Bullet holes,
                                                          blood, dead
                                                          animals. In
                                                          the mud beside
                                                          a path was a
                                                          basket of
                                                          eggs. A
                                                          picture of the
                                                          Virgin Mary
                                                          was propped up
                                                          against a
                                                          wooden post
                                                          outside the
                                                          blood-stained
                                                          wall of a
                                                          destroyed
                                                          house. People
                                                          said a Contra
                                                          soldier
                                                          carefully
                                                          removed the
                                                          picture before
                                                          he shot up and
                                                          grenaded the
                                                          house. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Officials
                                                          at the U.S.
                                                          Embassy in
                                                          Managua had
                                                          been searching
                                                          for a way to
                                                          rationalize
                                                          this attack.
                                                          They said in a
                                                          statement that
                                                          communities
                                                          such as
                                                          Sandino and
                                                          Pravia are
                                                          “militarized
                                                          if not
                                                          actually
                                                          military
                                                          targets.”
                                                          Apparently
                                                          seed potatoes
                                                          are a threat
                                                          to national
                                                          security. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> Why does
                                                          all this
                                                          matter now?
                                                          Elliott
                                                          Abrams’
                                                          appointment at
                                                          this time to
                                                          the State
                                                          Department
                                                          Advisory
                                                          Commission on
                                                          Public Policy
                                                          is not a
                                                          coincidence.
                                                          Despite his
                                                          past and
                                                          recent efforts
                                                          and the
                                                          enormous
                                                          damage they
                                                          caused, his
                                                          work is not
                                                          complete; the
                                                          U.S. empire is
                                                          not “secure.”
                                                          The revolution
                                                          continues in
                                                          Nicaragua, the
                                                          Guatemalan and
                                                          Honduran
                                                          peoples have
                                                          elected
                                                          reformist
                                                          democratic
                                                          governments
                                                          that pose a
                                                          threat to the
                                                          established
                                                          network of
                                                          resource
                                                          extraction,
                                                          corruption,
                                                          and repression
                                                          that the U.S.
                                                          has supported
                                                          in these
                                                          countries.
                                                          Abrams would
                                                          be
                                                          instrumental
                                                          in efforts to
                                                          assure “regime
                                                          change,”
                                                          ensuring the
                                                          continued
                                                          colonization
                                                          of Honduras
                                                          and Guatemala,
                                                          and destroying
                                                          the “threat of
                                                          a good
                                                          example” in
                                                          Nicaragua, a
                                                          country that,
                                                          has
                                                          experienced <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T796f6956-cfe6-48e1-b615-3bc502d04900/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="796f6956-cfe6-48e1-b615-3bc502d04900" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">continual improvements </a>in many basic
                                                          services,
                                                          infrastructure,
                                                          and conditions
                                                          of daily life,
                                                          despite heavy
                                                          economic
                                                          sanctions
                                                          imposed by the
                                                          U.S. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> We are
                                                          witnessing an
                                                          intense
                                                          negative news
                                                          and propaganda
                                                          campaign in
                                                          which
                                                          Nicaragua is
                                                          cast as a
                                                          brutal
                                                          dictatorship
                                                          that represses
                                                          human rights,
                                                          religion, and
                                                          all political
                                                          expression.
                                                          This media
                                                          campaign makes
                                                          ample use of
                                                          distortions of
                                                          fact, outright
                                                          fabrications
                                                          of “truth,”
                                                          and erasure of
                                                          any context
                                                          that might
                                                          allow us to
                                                          evaluate
                                                          events
                                                          clearly. It
                                                          has succeeded
                                                          in dividing
                                                          solidarity for
                                                          Nicaragua and
                                                          polarizing
                                                          attitudes
                                                          towards the
                                                          Sandinista
                                                          government in
                                                          general and
                                                          Daniel Ortega
                                                          in particular.
                                                          Any action by
                                                          the Nicaraguan
                                                          government to
                                                          respond to
                                                          provocation
                                                          and threat is
                                                          denounced as
                                                          brutal or
                                                          extreme. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          government’s
                                                          measured
                                                          response to
                                                          the uprising
                                                          of April 2018
                                                          was denounced
                                                          in Washington
                                                          and the
                                                          mainstream
                                                          media as an
                                                          extreme
                                                          repression of
                                                          an uprising
                                                          that was
                                                          painted as
                                                          “peaceful.”
                                                          despite ample
                                                          evidence that
                                                          it was
                                                          anything but
                                                          peaceful. An <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tc52585c2-cdc0-4051-9d3b-48666d7ffe92/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="c52585c2-cdc0-4051-9d3b-48666d7ffe92" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">alternative narrative </a>from eyewitnesses in
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          paints a very
                                                          different
                                                          picture of
                                                          events, a
                                                          narrative that
                                                          the U.S. has
                                                          tried very
                                                          hard to
                                                          suppress and
                                                          keep out of
                                                          the media.
                                                          Elliott
                                                          Abrams’
                                                          special
                                                          talents would
                                                          lend
                                                          themselves
                                                          perfectly to
                                                          this ongoing
                                                          effort to
                                                          undermine and
                                                          remove Ortega
                                                          and the
                                                          Sandinistas
                                                          from power,
                                                          again as in
                                                          the 1980s, to
                                                          thwart the
                                                          will of a
                                                          people and
                                                          substitute the
                                                          will of the
                                                          U.S.
                                                          government in
                                                          its
                                                          place—regime
                                                          change and
                                                          forms of
                                                          intervention
                                                          by any means
                                                          at any cost. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> As for
                                                          Honduras, the
                                                          new government
                                                          of Xiomara
                                                          Castro is
                                                          facing
                                                          enormous <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/T7ef13087-6c6a-4416-aec4-5f0d0519cca0/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="7ef13087-6c6a-4416-aec4-5f0d0519cca0" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">dilemmas</a> as it tries to repair the damage
                                                          done to the
                                                          country by its
                                                          predecessor
                                                          and to
                                                          dismantle the
                                                          entrenched web
                                                          of corruption
                                                          of the past
                                                          decade. But
                                                          the U.S. has
                                                          issued veiled
                                                          and more
                                                          direct
                                                          warnings to
                                                          the Castro
                                                          government. A
                                                          campaign of
                                                          increased
                                                          violence and
                                                          negative
                                                          criticism is
                                                          underway, and
                                                          Castro is
                                                          under enormous
                                                          pressure to
                                                          abandon most
                                                          of her
                                                          election
                                                          promises of
                                                          reform. Here
                                                          also, Abrams
                                                          would be in an
                                                          excellent
                                                          position to
                                                          help ensure
                                                          that the
                                                          Honduran
                                                          government
                                                          answers to the
                                                          demands of
                                                          U.S. economic
                                                          interests
                                                          rather than
                                                          the needs of
                                                          the Honduran
                                                          people. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          larger issue
                                                          in all of this
                                                          is not any
                                                          single person,
                                                          even Elliott
                                                          Abrams. The
                                                          same mindset
                                                          that helped
                                                          orchestrate
                                                          the genocide
                                                          in Guatemala,
                                                          the murders of
                                                          Church people
                                                          in El
                                                          Salvador, the
                                                          death squads
                                                          and
                                                          militarized
                                                          state in
                                                          Honduras, and
                                                          the Contra War
                                                          in Nicaragua
                                                          is still
                                                          infecting
                                                          Washington.
                                                          Some of its
                                                          purveyors are
                                                          still in
                                                          place, shaping
                                                          and effecting
                                                          policy and
                                                          practice. A
                                                          real step to
                                                          security for
                                                          the US and the
                                                          hemisphere
                                                          would be to
                                                          bar people
                                                          like Elliott
                                                          Abrams from
                                                          holding any
                                                          office or
                                                          responsibility
                                                          in any level
                                                          of government
                                                          anywhere. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>For
                                                          more
                                                          information
                                                          and to send
                                                          email messages
                                                          to President
                                                          Biden and your
                                                          Senators
                                                          opposing the
                                                          Elliott Abrams
                                                          nomination, </b><a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Ta8887f41-b3d4-47c3-8230-4ed3048df625/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="a8887f41-b3d4-47c3-8230-4ed3048df625" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><b>click here</b></a><b>! </b> </p>
                                                          </div>
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                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;">
                                                          <b>Briefs<br>
                                                          By Nan McCurdy
                                                          </b> </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;">
                                                          <b>Nicaragua
                                                          and China Sign
                                                          Free Trade
                                                          Agreement</b><br>
                                                          A Free Trade
                                                          Agreement was
                                                          signed on
                                                          August 30
                                                          between China
                                                          and Nicaragua
                                                          that will
                                                          enter into
                                                          force on
                                                          January 1,
                                                          2024. The two
                                                          countries
                                                          resumed
                                                          diplomatic
                                                          relations just
                                                          20 months ago,
                                                          which has been
                                                          enough time
                                                          for
                                                          delegations
                                                          from both
                                                          governments to
                                                          negotiate the
                                                          treaty which
                                                          will allow
                                                          Nicaragua to
                                                          access the
                                                          largest market
                                                          on the planet
                                                          with its
                                                          agricultural
                                                          and fishing
                                                          production,
                                                          coffee, dairy
                                                          and meat
                                                          products,
                                                          among others.
                                                          In turn, China
                                                          will be able
                                                          to export to
                                                          Nicaragua high
                                                          quality
                                                          industrial,
                                                          electronic and
                                                          other
                                                          products.
                                                          Since China
                                                          and Nicaragua
                                                          began trade
                                                          negotiations
                                                          in July 2022,
                                                          it has only
                                                          taken one year
                                                          to finalize
                                                          the
                                                          negotiations
                                                          and reach a
                                                          beneficial
                                                          result. (<i>Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          30 August
                                                          2023) </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;">
                                                          <b>Nicaragua
                                                          First Central
                                                          American
                                                          Country to
                                                          Export Sugar
                                                          to China</b><br>
                                                          With the
                                                          signing of the
                                                          Free Trade
                                                          Agreement with
                                                          China,
                                                          Nicaragua will
                                                          be the first
                                                          Central
                                                          America nation
                                                          to export
                                                          sugar to
                                                          China. Mario
                                                          Amador,
                                                          general
                                                          manager of the
                                                          National
                                                          Committee of
                                                          Sugar
                                                          Producers
                                                          pointed out
                                                          that countries
                                                          such as Costa
                                                          Rica, which
                                                          signed an
                                                          agreement with
                                                          China a long
                                                          time ago, have
                                                          not obtained
                                                          access to the
                                                          Chinese market
                                                          to export
                                                          sugar. He said
                                                          that the
                                                          negotiations
                                                          went well for
                                                          Nicaragua and
                                                          the country
                                                          was able to
                                                          include all
                                                          its main
                                                          export
                                                          products such
                                                          as meat,
                                                          sugar, coffee
                                                          and other
                                                          items that
                                                          will help
                                                          develop
                                                          Nicaragua’s
                                                          economy. For
                                                          the sugar
                                                          sector, the
                                                          quota is
                                                          50,000 tons
                                                          paying a 15%
                                                          tariff, which
                                                          is a good
                                                          opportunity.
                                                          The tariff
                                                          paid by other
                                                          nations that
                                                          export to
                                                          China is 50%;
                                                          that is,
                                                          Nicaragua has
                                                          a 35% tariff
                                                          benefit. (<i>Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          1 Sept. 2023)
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;">
                                                          <b>Honoring
                                                          Memory of Poet
                                                          Rubén Darío</b><br>
                                                          The United
                                                          Nations
                                                          Educational,
                                                          Scientific and
                                                          Cultural
                                                          Organization
                                                          (UNESCO)
                                                          announced that
                                                          the archive
                                                          and collection
                                                          of the Rubén
                                                          Darío House
                                                          Museum in León
                                                          has been
                                                          certified and
                                                          incorporated
                                                          into the
                                                          Memory of the
                                                          World Program.
                                                          The press
                                                          release states
                                                          that “the
                                                          archive and
                                                          collection of
                                                          the Rubén
                                                          Darío House
                                                          Museum has
                                                          most of the
                                                          personal
                                                          objects and
                                                          writings of
                                                          the Nicaraguan
                                                          poet known as
                                                          the 'Prince of
                                                          Castilian
                                                          Letters.’” The
                                                          UNESCO Memory
                                                          of the World
                                                          Program is an
                                                          initiative
                                                          that seeks to
                                                          preserve and
                                                          raise public
                                                          awareness of
                                                          the importance
                                                          of world
                                                          documentary
                                                          heritage. (<i>Nicaragua
                                                          News</i>, 5
                                                          Sept. 2023) </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>Nicaragua
                                                          Leader in
                                                          Health
                                                          Policies in
                                                          Central
                                                          America</b><br>
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          leads the
                                                          Central
                                                          American
                                                          countries with
                                                          the most
                                                          public
                                                          hospitals and
                                                          the second
                                                          largest health
                                                          budget,
                                                          according to a
                                                          study of the
                                                          region's
                                                          health system
                                                          carried out in
                                                          Honduras. The
                                                          study reports
                                                          that Nicaragua
                                                          has 77 public
                                                          hospitals for
                                                          a population
                                                          of 6,850,540.
                                                          Guatemala
                                                          follows with
                                                          44 hospitals
                                                          for 17.11
                                                          million people
                                                          and Honduras
                                                          in third
                                                          position, with
                                                          31 hospitals,
                                                          and a
                                                          population of
                                                          9.5 million.
                                                          El Salvador
                                                          has 30
                                                          hospitals for
                                                          6.3 million
                                                          people, and
                                                          Costa Rica has
                                                          29 hospitals
                                                          for 5.1
                                                          million
                                                          people. <i>(Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          5 Sept. 2023)
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>Electricity
                                                          Coverage at
                                                          99.34%</b><br>
                                                          The Minister
                                                          of Energy and
                                                          Mines Salvador
                                                          Mansell
                                                          reported that
                                                          national
                                                          electricity
                                                          coverage was
                                                          99.341% at the
                                                          end of July,
                                                          with 70%
                                                          generation
                                                          based on
                                                          renewable
                                                          sources.
                                                          Mansell said
                                                          that "9,906
                                                          electrification
                                                          projects have
                                                          been carried
                                                          out over the
                                                          last 15 years,
                                                          benefiting
                                                          3,666,959
                                                          people through
                                                          coverage that
                                                          has expanded
                                                          from 54% in
                                                          2007 to
                                                          99.34%." (<i>Nicaragua
                                                          News</i>, 1
                                                          Sept. 2023) </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>Contribution
                                                          of Solidarity
                                                          to Renewable
                                                          Energy </b><br>
Representatives of the Climate Change Secretariat and the Ministry of
                                                          Energy and
                                                          Mines (MEM)
                                                          made a site
                                                          visit to
                                                          evaluate
                                                          operations at
                                                          the Benjamin
                                                          Linder Small
                                                          Hydroelectric
                                                          Power Plant in
                                                          San José de
                                                          Bocay,
                                                          Jinotega
                                                          Department.
                                                          The head of
                                                          the MEM
                                                          Environmental
                                                          Unit, Luis
                                                          Molina, stated
                                                          that “Since
                                                          1994 the small
                                                          hydroelectric
                                                          plant has
                                                          provided 190KW
                                                          of energy,
                                                          benefiting
                                                          11,000
                                                          inhabitants.
                                                          This project
                                                          represents the
                                                          dream of
                                                          murdered
                                                          solidarity
                                                          worker
                                                          Benjamin
                                                          Linder to
                                                          provide clean
                                                          energy to the
                                                          population and
                                                          is one of the
                                                          models for the
                                                          entry of
                                                          Nicaragua into
                                                          the
                                                          development of
                                                          renewable
                                                          energy, which
                                                          to date
                                                          represents
                                                          almost 70% of
                                                          the
                                                          electricity
                                                          produced in
                                                          the country."
                                                          The
                                                          hydroelectric
                                                          plant
                                                          guarantees a
                                                          stable supply
                                                          of electricity
                                                          to thousands
                                                          of families
                                                          and
                                                          contributes to
                                                          the reduction
                                                          in use of oil
                                                          in keeping
                                                          with the
                                                          climate change
                                                          mitigation
                                                          goals of the
                                                          country.” (<i>Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          30 August
                                                          2023) </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>Indigenous
                                                          Community
                                                          Leaders
                                                          Approve
                                                          Actions to
                                                          Protect
                                                          Environment</b><br>
                                                          The leaders of
                                                          22 communities
                                                          of the Wangki
                                                          Maya
                                                          Indigenous
                                                          territory of
                                                          the
                                                          municipality
                                                          of Waspam,
                                                          North
                                                          Caribbean,
                                                          approved the
                                                          continuation
                                                          of the
                                                          government’s
                                                          Integrated
                                                          Climate Action
                                                          project. This
                                                          project
                                                          strives to
                                                          reduce
                                                          deforestation
                                                          and strengthen
                                                          resilience in
                                                          the Bosawas
                                                          and Río San
                                                          Juan
                                                          Biospheres. A
                                                          total of 179
                                                          people
                                                          participated
                                                          in the
                                                          meeting.  To
                                                          facilitate the
                                                          participation
                                                          of women with
                                                          children
                                                          during the
                                                          territorial
                                                          assembly, a
                                                          day care
                                                          center was set
                                                          up, attending
                                                          129 children.
                                                          In addition,
                                                          health
                                                          personnel
                                                          provided 156
                                                          consultations.
                                                          See photos: <a
href="https://default.salsalabs.org/Tdb05bf6c-e7b7-41ad-9936-b8da35ce23d5/424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
lid="db05bf6c-e7b7-41ad-9936-b8da35ce23d5" track="true" target="_top"
style="color:rgb(152,0,0);overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word;-ms-word-break:break-all;word-break:break-word;"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://radiolaprimerisima.com/lideres-de-comunidades-indigenas-aprueban-acciones-para-proteger-medio-ambiente/</a> <i>(Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          1 Sept. 2023)
                                                          </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>National
                                                          Police with a
                                                          Strong
                                                          Revolutionary
                                                          Ideology </b><br>
                                                          Approaching
                                                          its 44<sup>th</sup>
                                                          anniversary on
                                                          Sept. 5, the
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          National
                                                          Police
                                                          highlighted
                                                          that one of
                                                          the
                                                          achievements
                                                          of the
                                                          institution is
                                                          peace, the
                                                          security of
                                                          the population
                                                          - manifested
                                                          in a rate of
                                                          seven
                                                          homicides per
                                                          100,000
                                                          inhabitants,
                                                          one of the
                                                          lowest in
                                                          Latin America
                                                          and the world.
                                                          Likewise, the
                                                          reduction in
                                                          robberies and
                                                          dangerous
                                                          crimes. These
                                                          represent less
                                                          than 4% of the
                                                          crimes (out of
                                                          every 100
                                                          crimes 96 are
                                                          minor or
                                                          misdemeanors).
                                                          These
                                                          achievements
                                                          in security
                                                          matters are
                                                          the result of
                                                          government
                                                          policies,
                                                          strategies,
                                                          programs and
                                                          plans to
                                                          protect the
                                                          lives of the
                                                          population. </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> The
                                                          National
                                                          Police is a
                                                          new police
                                                          institution
                                                          that broke
                                                          with all the
                                                          traditional
                                                          schemas. It
                                                          was formed
                                                          with humble,
                                                          revolutionary
                                                          young people
                                                          who were
                                                          creating a
                                                          different
                                                          model from
                                                          other police
                                                          forces in the
                                                          region. The
                                                          Nicaraguan
                                                          Police emerged
                                                          from the
                                                          people, to
                                                          serve the
                                                          people, with
                                                          principles,
                                                          values and
                                                          ideals that
                                                          are preserved
                                                          44 years later
                                                          and that are
                                                          transmitted to
                                                          the new
                                                          generations.
                                                          New units and
                                                          Women's Police
                                                          Stations
                                                          continue to be
                                                          built in the
                                                          municipalities,
                                                          improving
                                                          police
                                                          services to
                                                          the citizens.
                                                          The
                                                          professional
                                                          training
                                                          programs
                                                          implemented by
                                                          the government
                                                          continue to be
                                                          strengthened,
                                                          including: the
                                                          Leonel Rugama
                                                          University of
                                                          Police
                                                          Sciences; the
                                                          Julio Briceño
                                                          Dávila
                                                          University of
                                                          Medical
                                                          Sciences;
                                                          Georgino
                                                          Andrade Online
                                                          High School
                                                          and the
                                                          Angelita
                                                          Morales Avilés
                                                          Online
                                                          Technical
                                                          School. The
                                                          National
                                                          Police is
                                                          planning to
                                                          hold its main
                                                          anniversary
                                                          event on
                                                          September 11
                                                          and the "Con
                                                          la Paz no se
                                                          Juega" (Peace
                                                          is not a Game)
                                                          Parade on
                                                          September 12.
                                                          Sports
                                                          activities are
                                                          also planned,
                                                          including
                                                          softball,
                                                          athletics,
                                                          volleyball and
                                                          soccer
                                                          tournaments. (<i>Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          31 August
                                                          2023) </p>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNoSpacing"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:none;"> <b>Guatemala
                                                          Executes
                                                          Fraudulent
                                                          Maneuver
                                                          against
                                                          Nicaragua</b><br>
                                                          On September 2
                                                          the Nicaraguan
                                                          government
                                                          denounced a
                                                          maneuver by
                                                          Guatemala to
                                                          take away
                                                          Nicaragua's
                                                          right to
                                                          assume by
                                                          rotation the
                                                          Executive
                                                          Secretariat of
                                                          the Center for
                                                          Disaster
                                                          Prevention in
                                                          Central
                                                          America and
                                                          the Dominican
                                                          Republic. In
                                                          the Central
                                                          American
                                                          Integration
                                                          System (SICA),
                                                          there are
                                                          rules and
                                                          procedures
                                                          recognized by
                                                          the
                                                          participating
                                                          countries.
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          noted that it
                                                          is not
                                                          possible to
                                                          alter the
                                                          order of
                                                          rotation or
                                                          force the
                                                          substitution
                                                          of one
                                                          government for
                                                          another, when
                                                          it is not a
                                                          legitimate
                                                          procedure of
                                                          SICA. “The
                                                          Government of
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          formally
                                                          denounces this
                                                          maneuver that
                                                          alters and
                                                          eats away at
                                                          the legal
                                                          framework of
                                                          SICA, and
                                                          communicates
                                                          that it
                                                          rejects it as
                                                          illegitimate
                                                          and contrary
                                                          to the
                                                          principles,
                                                          values and
                                                          statutes that
                                                          govern and
                                                          legally order
                                                          the Central
                                                          American
                                                          Integration
                                                          System. We
                                                          call upon the
                                                          General
                                                          Secretariat to
                                                          conduct these
                                                          processes in
                                                          accordance
                                                          with the SICA
                                                          Rules, and
                                                          ensure
                                                          compliance
                                                          with them.
                                                          This maneuver
                                                          is
                                                          illegitimate,
                                                          completely
                                                          irregular, and
                                                          Nicaragua
                                                          condemns it,
                                                          protests, and
                                                          rejects it and
                                                          does not join
                                                          consensus.” (<i>Radio
                                                          La Primerisima</i>,
                                                          2 Sept. 2023)
                                                          </p>
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                                                          <p
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-align:center;">Having
                                                          trouble
                                                          viewing this
                                                          email? <a
href="https://afgj.salsalabs.org/nicanotes-09-07-2023?wvpId=424acc16-08a3-4cae-bdf5-0ee8fd652d2e"
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                                                          <h2
                                                          style="clear:both;margin:.5em
                                                          0;"> Contact
                                                          Us </h2>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="contact-info"
style="clear:both;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.25em;"> Alliance for Global
                                                          Justice<br>
                                                          225 E 26th St
                                                          Ste 1<br>
                                                          Tucson,
                                                          Arizona 85713<br>
                                                          202-540-8336<br>
                                                          <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:afgj@afgj.org">afgj@afgj.org</a>
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