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<a class="gmail-domain gmail-reader-domain" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-california-muslims-argue-fbi-spying-case-can-continue-without-state-secrets">middleeasteye.net</a>
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<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">'We don't need secret evidence': California Muslims argue FBI spying case should move forward</h1>
<div class="gmail-credits gmail-reader-credits">By Umar A Farooq - June 9, 2023<br></div>
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<div class="gmail-moz-reader-content gmail-reader-show-element"><div id="gmail-readability-page-1" class="gmail-page"><div><img src="cid:ii_lip9gqhm0" alt="image.png" width="392" height="221"><br><p>After more than a decade of shuttling through the <a href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/countries/us" target="_blank">US</a>
court system, three Muslim men who fell victim to the FBI's covert
surveillance programme are back in court arguing that their case against
the government should continue to move forward.</p>
<p>During a hearing on Thursday at the US Court of Appeals for the 9th
Circuit, Peter Bibring, the lawyer representing the Muslim men, argued
that the court should hear the case despite the government's arguments
the case should be dismissed based on the state secrets privilege.</p>
<p>"We've taken the position that we don't need any discovery into the
secret evidence," said Bibring, saying that they could present their
arguments with non-privileged evidence.</p>
<p>Judge Marsha Berzon, one of the three judges listening to the
arguments, voiced scepticism of the government's defence around state
secrets being a reason for altogether throwing out the case.</p>
<p>"The underlying problem here is that there is an inherent conflict of
interest by the government. They're both the defender and protector of
the interests and having no eyes on that is very troublesome," Berzon
said during the hearing that was streamed on YouTube.</p>
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<p>"The notion that things are going to leak out that haven't leaked out in the last 20 years is not very believable."</p>
<p>In response to the government's arguments, Judge Berzon said it is rare for cases to be dismissed at this stage of litigation.</p>
<p>"That's our problem here. I mean, how much do we hamper both sides
because of this problem or do we just close the courthouse door
altogether and say we're not going to bother?"</p>
<h3>Operation Flex</h3>
<p>In the early 2000s, the growing Muslim community in southern
California was just getting on its feet both financially and socially
following the 9/11 attacks and the vitriol and Islamophobia that Muslims
in the US faced in the years after.</p>
<p>By 2004, the city of Irvine, California, had its own mosque, the
Islamic Centre of Irvine, which was regularly seeing a thousand people
attend its weekly Friday prayer services.</p>
<p>However, in the next few years, the entire social fabric of the
community was ruptured after a paid FBI informant infiltrated and began
working to entrap young Muslim men.</p>
<div>
<p><a href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-supreme-court-rules-favour-fbi-muslim-spying-case" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.middleeasteye.net/sites/default/files/styles/read_more/public/images-story/ucla-fbi-fazaga-2021-supreme-court.jpeg?itok=7k--km3n" alt="" class="gmail-moz-reader-block-img" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="392" height="245">
</a></p><p>US Supreme Court rules in favour of FBI in Muslim spying case</p>
<p><a href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/us-supreme-court-rules-favour-fbi-muslim-spying-case" target="_blank">Read More »</a>
</p></div>
<p>Between 2006 and 2007, the FBI sent Craig Monteilh, otherwise known
to many in the community as Farouk al-Aziz, to spy on California's
Orange County - home to multiple mosques and 120,000 Muslims at the
time. The affair was known as Operation Flex.</p>
<p>Years later in 2011, Yassir Fazaga, an imam at the Orange County
Islamic Foundation, and Ali Uddin Malik and Yasser Abdelrahim, who both
attended the Islamic Center of Irvine, filed a lawsuit against the
government.</p>
<p>The three men accused the FBI of using an informant to infiltrate
mosques in southern California and spy on Muslim Americans, including
religious leaders, on the basis of their religion.</p>
<p>Among the issues the plaintiffs have is that Monteilh had planted
recording devices in the office at the mosque, and had brought up
violence and jihad to young men in the community and asked them to join
him in violent plots on US soil </p>
<p>In one case, Monteilh went with two Muslims in the community on a
drive to a mosque in Culver City, where he asked them to join in an
attack on US soil. </p>
<p>Despite trying to convince him against the act and also telling him
that they would not get involved in any plots, one of the
men, Ahmadullah Niazi, was later arrested on perjury and
immigration-related charges.</p>
<p>While the charges were dropped, his entire social circle distanced themselves from Niazi, members of the community <a href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/fbi-surveillance-of-california-mosques-destroyed-fabric-community" target="_blank">previously</a> told MEE.</p>
<p>By targeting Muslims, the men say the FBI's alleged actions
constitute religious discrimination in violation of the US
Constitution's First Amendment, as well as violating the Fourth
Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures.</p>
<h3>State secrets</h3>
<p>The plaintiffs argue that they should be given the opportunity to
challenge the unlawful surveillance and targeting of the Muslim-American
community.</p>
<p>The government called for the case to be dismissed by asserting the
"state-secrets" privilege, saying that defending the case in court would
threaten the disclosure of information that could pose a threat to
national security.</p>
<p>After the case was dismissed at the district level in 2012, the Ninth
Circuit ruled in 2019 that the case could move forward on the basis of
the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which governs how
surveillance-related evidence can be used in court. </p>
<p>The Supreme Court in March 2022 unanimously overturned the appeals
court ruling in favour of the men, determining that the court misapplied
the law, and ordered the lower court to reassess whether the case can
move forward based on the state secret privilege.</p>
<p>Bibring, the lawyer on behalf of the plaintiffs, argued that the
state secrets privilege does not authorise dismissal of this case. The
privileged material in question can be removed without preventing them
from presenting their own non-secret evidence, according to Bibring.</p>
<p>"The government cannot have its cake and eat it too. It can claim
that it still needs to keep secret information about this 17-year-old
investigation of law-abiding Southern California residents, or it can
try to defend its dragnet surveillance practices in federal court,"
Ahilan Arulanantham, counsel for plaintiffs and faculty co-director of
the Center for Immigration Law and Policy at UCLA School of Law, said in
a statement given to MEE after the hearing.</p>
<p>"But it cannot hide behind the shield of secrecy and simultaneously avoid any accountability for its actions."</p>
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