<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<div class="moz-forward-container">
<table style="table-layout: fixed;" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table style="margin-bottom: 5px;
background-color:#FFFFFF;table-layout: fixed;
margin-right:auto; margin-left:auto;" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="3" border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><font style="font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12px;" face="Verdana, Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif"><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018271&v=3&key=fe16&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mynewsletterbuilder.com%2Femail%2Fnewsletter%2F1416249469"
style="color:#c2320e;" moz-do-not-send="true">View
as Web Page</a> </font> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><style>.noPad {padding:0px !important;} .noBGColor{background-color:'transparent' !important;}</style><![endif]-->
<table style="width: 100%; box-sizing: content-box;
background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); background-image: none;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td style="padding: 15px; box-sizing: content-box;
line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit; overflow:
visible;" align="center">
<table style="width: 610px; box-sizing: content-box;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td colspan="3" style="box-sizing: content-box;
line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit; overflow:
visible; width: 610px;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td style="box-sizing: content-box; line-height:
1.25; font-family: inherit; overflow: visible;
width: 0px;"><br>
</td>
<td style="box-sizing: content-box; line-height:
1.25; font-family: inherit; overflow: visible;
width: 610px;" valign="top" align="center">
<table style="box-sizing: content-box;
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
background-image: none; padding-bottom: 20px;
width: 610px;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody style="box-sizing: content-box;"
align="left">
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td style="box-sizing: content-box;
line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit;
overflow: visible; width: 610px;"
align="center"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td style="box-sizing: content-box;
line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit;
overflow: visible; width: 610px;">
<table style="width:
610px;margin-bottom:15px;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="position: relative;
clear: both; overflow: visible;
box-sizing: content-box;
border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221,
221, 221); background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255);
background-image: none; color:
rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 28px;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica,
sans-serif; text-align: center;
padding: 5px; border-collapse:
separate; width: 610px;"><br>
<div
style="display:block;text-align:center;clear:both;"><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018275&v=3&key=01e3&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ienearth.org%2Fien-honors-the-50th-anniversary-of-wounded-knee-73-occupation%2F%3Futm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3DMyNewsletterBuilder%26utm_content%3D%23subscriber_id%23%26utm_campaign%3DIEN%2BHonors%2Bthe%2B50th%2Banniversary%2Bof%2BWounded%2BKnee%2B73%2BOccupation%2B1416249469%26utm_term%3D"
target="_blank" rel="noopener"
style="box-sizing:
content-box;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
style="width: 600px; height:
503px; margin: 0px auto;
display: block; clear: both;
box-sizing: content-box;
padding-left: 0px;
padding-right: 0px;
border-width: 0px;"
src="https://media.mynewsletterbuilder.com/image/cache/3/1/4/2/7/9/9_w600_h503_s1_m2.jpg"
alt="For the 71 day
occupation, Native warriors
joined this act of defiance
that reaffirmed Indigenous
identity and solidarity from
across Turtle Island, many
of whom in the following 50
years have now passed onto
the spirit world."
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="600" height="503"
border="0"></a></div>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td style="vertical-align: top; width:
610px; min-height: 20px; box-sizing:
content-box; line-height: 1.25;
font-family: inherit; overflow: visible;"
valign="top">
<table style="width:
610px;margin-bottom:15px;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="clear: both; box-sizing:
content-box; background-color:
rgb(255, 255, 255);
background-image: none; padding:
5px; border-collapse: separate;
width: 610px; overflow: visible;">
<table style="width:
600px;margin-bottom:5px;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="position:
relative; clear: both;
overflow: visible;
box-sizing: content-box;
background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);
background-image: none;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
font-size: 24px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-align: left; padding:
5px; border-collapse:
separate; width: 600px;">
<div style="text-align:
center; box-sizing:
content-box; margin-top:
0px; margin-bottom: 0px;
padding-top: 0px;
padding-bottom: 0px;
font-size: 100%;
line-height: 1.25;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">IEN
Honors the 50th
anniversary of Wounded
Knee ‘73 Occupation</b><br>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="width: 600px;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="position:
relative; clear: both;
overflow: visible;
box-sizing: content-box;
background-color: rgb(255,
255, 255);
background-image: none;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
font-size: 16px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-align: left; padding:
5px; border-collapse:
separate; width: 600px;"><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing: content-box;
margin-bottom: 0px;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">This
year marks the 50th
anniversary of the
Wounded Knee
Occupation</b>, where
members of the Oglala
Lakota Nation and the
American Indian Movement
(AIM) occupied the town
of Wounded Knee, South
Dakota for 71 days from
Feb 27, 1973 – May 8,
1973. In the years
leading up to the
occupation, members of
the Oglala Lakota Nation
had endured years of
hardship at the hands of
the tribal council and
chairman’s misuse of
government funding that
resulted in even more
economic and social
hardship for the people.
For months before the
siege, community
meetings were conducted
led by the Oglala Sioux
Civil Rights
Organization (OSCRO) in
secret to address the
graft, corruption, and
to protect themselves
from the violent
intimidation tactics
used by the tribal
chairman Richard
“Dickey” Wilson. His
orders were carried out
on anyone who dared hold
him accountable for his
crimes against his
people by the
self-proclaimed
Guardians of the Oglala
Nation (GOON Squad.)
This time period became
known as the Reign of
Terror. </span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">On
February 27th, at a
tribal council meetin</b>g,
and another attempt to
impeach Wilson, all the
tensions, anger, and
grief over murdered and
missing relatives came
to a head. The meeting
spilled out onto the
street where the Oglala
community members,
chiefs, and leaders of
AIM went into action and
headed to Wounded Knee,
SD on the Pine Ridge
reservation to begin the
“The Wounded Knee
Occupation.” This would
become a ‘last stand’
type of event as the
days turned into weeks,
and law enforcement
agencies and military
units were dispatched to
the site. National and
international media
networks, journalists,
and human rights leaders
gathered at the
blockaide in an effort
to report what was
happening inside and
bear witness to the
actions of the
government. The US
government brought in
federal armored
personnel, snipers and
even put up roadblocks
to prevent food coming
in and to starve the
warriors. Despite the
blockade to prevent
supplies from getting to
the approximately 200
people who were hunkered
down in the church and
store on the site, there
are stories and reports
of the bravery and
fortitude that helped to
sustain the siege for
the 71 day occupation.</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">There
were government
representatives</b>
dispatched by President
Nixon to negotiate a
settlement that would
peacefully put an end to
the siege. However, the
US government wanted to
end the occupation
without agreeing to the
demands even though what
the People were asking
for was already written
in the treaties. The
treaties, as written,
provide the rights for
Indigenous Peoples to
speak for themselves in
all matters related to
Indigenous sovereignty,
self-determination, and
self-governance.
Ultimately, the people
wanted nothing more than
for the US government to
stop violating the
provisions outlined and
codified in the </span><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018277&v=3&key=e162&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fmilestone-documents%2Ffort-laramie-treaty"
style="box-sizing:
content-box; color:
rgb(0, 0, 238);
font-size: 12px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration:
underline;"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(17,
85, 204);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">Ft.
Laramie Treaty of 1868</span></a><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">. Soon
after this treaty was
signed it was broken
when gold was found in
the Black Hills. These
lands were set aside in
that treaty as exclusive
to the Lakota Peoples.
These are still the
sacred lands of the
Lakota Peoples, where
ancestors were laid to
rest and ancient
ceremonies and rites
were observed for
countless generations
before the colonizers
arrived on Turtle
Island. Native warriors
at Wounded Knee also
took a firm stance to
convey to all that
Indigenous Peoples’
traditional ways of
living and being must
not be forgotten because
it is the traditional
spiritual ways that
provide guidance and
direction in our lives -
then and now. The
companion rally-cry
during the weeks of the
occupation and beyond is
that we’re still here
and we’re here to
stay. </span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">The
first occupation
occurred at Wounded
Knee in 1890</b> where
over 400 women, children
and elders were brutally
shot, tortured, and are
now buried in a mass
grave, known as the
Wounded Knee Massacre.
Again in 1973, there was
bloodshed that took
place at the second
Wounded Knee occupation.
Two Lakota men were shot
and killed and several
more were wounded by US
federal agents. </span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">For the
71 day occupation,
Native warriors joined
this act of defiance</b>
that reaffirmed
Indigenous identity and
solidarity from across
Turtle Island, many of
whom in the following 50
years have now passed
onto the spirit world.
One of the original
Wounded Knee warriors,
Leonard “Lenny” Foster
(Diné), Board member of
the International Indian
Treaty Council, and
spiritual advisor to
Leonard Peltier, shared
this, in a recent phone
interview with IEN,
“There was a lot of
frustration and anger by
the Indian People
towards the United
States government and
the local law
enforcement officials in
these border towns.
Indian People were being
oppressed, there was a
lot of racism and
discrimination towards
Indian People throughout
this country. The
takeover of this
particular historical
site demonstrated the
seriousness and
commitment of the
American Indian
movement.” </span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">The
occupation of Wounded
Knee ‘73 was not an
isolated incident</b>
for American Indian
people taking a stance
to assert their
sovereignty. In fact
there were many other
occupations and
demonstrations that led
up to Wounded Knee,
including the almost
2-year long standoff at
the old federal prison
on Alcatraz island,
known now as the </span><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018279&v=3&key=65b4&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DU9sBk8Stms4"
style="box-sizing:
content-box; color:
rgb(0, 0, 238);
font-size: 12px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration:
underline;"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(17,
85, 204);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">Alcatraz
Occupation</span></a><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">, stand
off at </span><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018281&v=3&key=6e42&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialism.com%2Ffs-article%2Fstandoff-at-big-mountain%2F"
style="box-sizing:
content-box; color:
rgb(0, 0, 238);
font-size: 12px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration:
underline;"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(17,
85, 204);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">Big
Mountain</span></a><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">, and
United Indians of All
Tribes retakes </span><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018283&v=3&key=c0cb&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdepts.washington.edu%2Fcivilr%2FFtLawton_takeover.htm"
style="box-sizing:
content-box; color:
rgb(0, 0, 238);
font-size: 12px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration:
underline;"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(17,
85, 204);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">Fort
Lawton/Discovery Park</span></a><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"> to
protest the declining
state of Native
reservations, and
others. </span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">Another
demonstration of
Indigenous resistance
leading up to Wounded
Knee ‘73,</b> included
the </span><a
href="http://report.mnb.email/t.js?s=63fe40392f6c4b3e3332ec60&u=48018285&v=3&key=31aa&skey=e83fdc6a7a&url=https%3A%2F%2Fabolitionnotes.org%2Ftrail-of-broken-treaties-20point-plat"
style="box-sizing:
content-box; color:
rgb(0, 0, 238);
font-size: 12px;
font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-decoration:
underline;"
target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(17,
85, 204);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;">1972
Trail of Broken
Treaties</span></a><span
style="font-size: 11pt;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"> which
brought caravans of
Native activists to
Washington DC to meet
with the Nixon
administration and BIA
Director. The people
were ready for this
meeting with a 20-point
position paper that
included critical
analyses of the issues
they faced to include
outlining very clear
solutions. Despite this
and the powerful
resurgence of American
Indian resistance that
resulted in the BIA
takeover, the US
government did not make
any significant American
Indian policy change.</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(34, 34,
34); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">Manny
Pino (Acoma Pueblo),
IEN Board President
and Native Scholar</b>
described Wounded Knee
as a pivotal moment in
contemporary Indigenous
history because it <i
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-style: italic;">“created
awareness of the 1868
Fort Laramie Treaty,
and Treaty rights in
general. It’s really
the first time that
grassroots Native
people took an
initiative to really
do a content analysis
of the [Fort Laramie]
Treaty. One of the
major things that
emerged from the
research back then was
the impact of gold
mining in the late
1800s, and the forced
displacement and
relocation of the
Oglala Lakota people
to confinement on
reservations. It was
gold that was found in
the Black Hills that
precipitated the
United States
government to break
the initial 1851
Treaty. When the 1851
treaty was rewritten
and then renegotiated
the 1868 Treaty
changed the boundaries
and reduced the size
of the reservation
from the initial
borders and boundaries
of the 1851 Treaty.
The stimulus of gold
created for the
federal government a
process of priority to
create Indian
reservations. That is
one of the major
outcomes of that
research analysis of
the treaty, that it
became more public
information at the
time.”</i></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
20px; box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;"><i
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-style: italic;"><span
style="color:
rgb(0, 0, 0);
background-color:
transparent;
box-sizing:
content-box;">This
timeline of
Indigenous
resistance and
resurgence with
the start of the
American Indian
Movement emerging
out of Alcatraz,
it is said that
the concept of
“Red Power” was
born from the
occupation of
Wounded Knee ‘73.
Red Power gave
Indigenous Peoples
new momentum to
take on the US
colonial system of
oppression.</span></i></b></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">IEN’s
Executive Director,
Tom BK Goldtooth
(Diné/Dakota) shares</b>,<i
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-style: italic;">
“For me, the Wounded
Knee occupation was a
beginning to find the
need to change the US
system that did not
recognize who we are,
to confront the
extreme racism in the
border towns of our
reservations, and the
failures of the US
government to
recognize our
Treaties. We knew what
the issues were, and
how it not only
involved the US
government’s Bureau of
Indian Affairs, and
other agencies, but
was internalized
within our Navajo
Nation whose elected
governmental
leadership were
singled out and often
compromised in
supporting coal mining
development (and oil.)
The standing up of the
Oglala Lakota and
other
Lakota/Dakota/Nakota
and Indigenous Peoples
from other Tribes
helped me and many
others feel we had a
role to seek a better
tomorrow within our
reservations and
communities. Seeing
the grassroots Ikce
Wicasa at Pine Ridge,
in their historical
location of Wounded
Knee to stand up
against their chairman
Dickie Wilson and his
goons gave me
strength– it gave many
Indigenous Peoples
strength, it was
called Red Power. I
saw this was what the
colonial government
did not want,
including the
extraction
corporations. They
wanted to continue to
use the tactics of
divide-and-conquer. It
was a wakeup call for
us, our generation at
the time. Wounded Knee
‘73 in my mind was
about reclaiming our
Indigenous lands, our
sovereignty, our
rights, our dignity -
and the rights of the
common people (Ikce
Wicasa) of the Oglala
Lakota people at Pine
Ridge. ”</i></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(34, 34,
34); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">The
armed standoff at
Wounded Knee laid a
course for American
Indian</b> advocacy
that continues to the
present day. The
political ideology
during this time was not
that of other liberation
movements because it was
at Wounded Knee that
leaders exclaimed that
our traditional
spiritual ways are what
provides us with
guidance and direction.
At the time this was
unprecedented. Reviving
the warrior spirit was
also important, so much
so that people were
willing to give their
lives for the struggle.
During this time period,
Indigenous resistance
was focused on
protecting lands and the
Peoples connected to
that land, and
ultimately to take a
stand against
assimilation and
fighting for cultural
and spiritual revival.</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">Lenny
Foster shared</b>, <i
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-style: italic;">“Wounded
Knee provided that
pride and dignity, it
provided that
experience where a
whole change, or
renaissance occurred
as a result. Up until
that point in
1969-1970, a lot of
Indian people were
ashamed of being
Indian. They didn’t
have long hair. It was
a real down time,
until AIM came onto
the political
landscape and the
leadership that I
became acquainted with
was very special…
people that we may
never see like that
again. The experience
of Wounded Knee
brought forth pride,
dignity and awareness,
and every effort to
raise the level of our
consciousness was done
through direct action
and confrontation. It
would've been much
easier to just sit
down and negotiate,
but the [US]
government was not
willing to do that.
They are still
introducing
legislation to do away
with Indian people.
Indian rights are
serious business, and
that is what Wounded
Knee ‘73 is about. We
must never forget it.”</i></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">Manny
Pino also shared</b>,<i
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-style: italic;">
“Wounded Knee made
people aware of these
historical events that
were interpreted from
the side of the
colonizers, [otherwise
known as] U.S history.
After that, AIM and
actions like Wounded
Knee stimulated Indian
educators to say ‘we
need Native American
Studies being taught
in colleges and
universities; we need
American Indian
Studies being taught
in high school and
middle school
curriculum. It really
stimulated that
institutional reaction
that we have today
like getting a
Bachelors, Masters,
and PhD degree in
American Indian
Studies. That didn’t
exist before these
actions and so-called
radical movements that
initiated this type of
thinking that we have
today– not only in
scholarship but in
mainstream grassroots
societies.”</i></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">Lenny
Foster emphasized</b>,
<i style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-style: italic;">“The
new generation must
understand this
history. Respect this
history. Research this
and discuss it.”
Foster reminds us that
during this time,
practicing Native
cultures, traditions,
and ceremonies was
outlawed. “Sundance
went underground for
many years. It was
illegal to participate
in your own
ceremonies… Indian
religion was outlawed,
Wounded Knee ‘73 and
the American Indian
Movement revived a lot
of that. That is why
it is important to
remember sacrifices
that were made,
commitments that were
made, the vows that
were made at Wounded
Knee.”</i></span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:
11pt; color: rgb(0, 0,
0); background-color:
transparent;
font-weight: 400;
box-sizing:
content-box;"><b
style="box-sizing:
content-box;
font-weight: bolder;
color: inherit;
background: inherit;
border: medium none;
padding: 0px;">The
fight for Indigenous
rights, sovereignty,
and self-determination
still persists today</b>,
as does the need for
Indigenous resistance
too. Our lands, sacred
sites, cultures,
languages, and utter
existence remain under
attack, however, the
elders and leaders from
Wounded Knee ‘73 remind
us that our traditional
ways of being and
knowing– our traditional
spiritual ways– is what
empowers us to be
warriors, protectors and
defenders of not only
our people and our
lands, but all living
things. </span><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td style="box-sizing: content-box;
line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit;
overflow: visible; width: 610px;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td style="box-sizing: content-box; line-height:
1.25; font-family: inherit; overflow: visible;
width: 0px;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="box-sizing: content-box;">
<td colspan="3" style="box-sizing: content-box;
line-height: 1.25; font-family: inherit; overflow:
visible; width: 610px;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse;
vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width: 100%;
background-color: #FFFFFF; color: #222222; font-family:
'Trebuchet MS', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-weight:
normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; font-size: 11px; padding:
0; table-layout: fixed; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: 0;"
align="left">
<td style="width: 15px; word-break: break-word;
-webkit-hyphens: auto; -moz-hyphens: auto; hyphens: auto;
border-collapse: collapse !important; vertical-align: top;
text-align: left; color: #333333; font-family:
'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;
font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding: 0;" valign="top"
align="left"> <img
src="http://media.mynewsletterbuilder.com/image/cache/1/0/8/6/2_w15_h15_s1.gif"
alt="Please enable images" style="border: 0 none;
display: block; height: 15px; width: 15px;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="15" height="15" border="0">
</td>
<td style="word-break: break-word; -webkit-hyphens: auto;
-moz-hyphens: auto; hyphens: auto; border-collapse:
collapse !important; vertical-align: top; text-align:
center; padding: 15px 0; margin-left: auto; margin-right:
auto;" valign="top" align="center">
<center style="width: 100%;">
<table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0;
border-collapse: collapse; background-color: #FFFFFF;
text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right:
auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;
padding: 0;" align="center">
<td style="word-break: break-word;
-webkit-hyphens: auto; -moz-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto; border-collapse: collapse
!important; vertical-align: top; text-align:
center; color: #333333; font-family: 'Trebuchet
MS', 'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif;
font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule:
exactly; font-size: 11px; padding: 0 0 10px;
margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
valign="top" align="center">
<p style="margin: 0; padding: 0; text-align:
center;">The Indigenous Environmental Network
<span style="color: #B5B5B5;">|</span> PO
Box 485 <span style="color: #B5B5B5;">|</span>
Bemidji, MN 56619 <span style="color:
#B5B5B5;">|</span> <a
href="http://www.ienearth.org/"
style="color: #2C74B1; text-decoration:
none;" moz-do-not-send="true"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://www.ienearth.org/</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;
padding: 0;" align="center">
<td style="word-break: break-word;
-webkit-hyphens: auto; -moz-hyphens: auto;
hyphens: auto; border-top: 1px dashed #DDDDDD;
border-collapse: collapse !important;
vertical-align: top; text-align: center; color:
#B5B5B5; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',
'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-weight:
bold; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; font-size:
10px; padding: 10px 0; margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;" align="center"> <br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;
padding: 0;" align="center">
<td style="border-collapse: collapse !important;
vertical-align: top; text-align: center;
padding: 0; margin-left: auto; margin-right:
auto;" valign="top" align="center"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
</td>
<td style="width: 15px; word-break: break-word;
-webkit-hyphens: auto; -moz-hyphens: auto; hyphens: auto;
border-collapse: collapse !important; vertical-align: top;
text-align: right; color: #333333; font-family:
'Helvetica', 'Arial', sans-serif; font-weight: normal;
font-size: 12px; margin: 0; padding: 0;" valign="top"
align="right"> <img
src="http://media.mynewsletterbuilder.com/image/cache/1/0/8/6/2_w15_h15_s1.gif"
alt="Please enable images" style="border: 0 none;
display: block; height: 15px; width: 15px;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="15" height="15" border="0">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 10px;" align="center">
<br>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>