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valign="top"><a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/al-patients-in-both-countries-/tklcdv/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><b>The
U.S. Blockade of Cuba Hurts Medical Patients
in Both Countries</b></a></td>
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valign="top"><b><em>The blockade of Cuba limits
its ability to share its scientific and
technological advances with the rest of the
world.
</em></b><br>
<br>
<b>By Natalia Marques</b>
<div>
<br>
Scientists in Cuba believe that the
breakthroughs they have made in the health
care and technology sectors should be used to
save and improve lives beyond the country’s
borders. This is why the island nation has
developed important scientific and medical <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/an-doctors-who-heal-the-world-/tklcdy/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">partnerships</a> with
organizations and governments across the
globe, including with those in <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/stem-with-help-of-cuba-2583167/tklcf2/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Mexico</a>, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ies-To-Cuba-20220519-0025-html/tklcf5/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Palestine</a>, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/comes-doctors-trained-in-cuba-/tklcf8/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Angola</a>, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/hank-cuba-for-medical-studies-/tklcfc/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Colombia</a>, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/pand-healthcare-coop-with-Cuba/tklcfg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Iran</a>, and <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/m-in-Brazil-20230104-0018-html/tklcfk/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Brazil</a>. However,
such collaborations are difficult due to the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-the-us-blockade-against-cuba-/tklcfn/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">blockade</a> imposed
on Cuba by the United States, which has now
been in place for the last six decades.<br>
<br>
In a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2023-01-25/tklcfr/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">conference</a>,
“Building Our Future,” held in Havana in
November 2022, which brought together youth
from Cuba and the United States, scientists at
the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-/tklcfv/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Cuban Center of
Molecular Immunology (CIM)</a> stated during
a presentation that the blockade hurts the
people of the United States, too. By lifting
the sanctions against Cuba, the scientists
argued, the people of the United States could
have access to life-saving treatments being
developed in Cuba, especially against diseases
such as diabetes, which <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/t-us-statistics-about-diabetes/tklcfy/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">ravage</a>
working-class
communities each year.
<br>
<br>
<b>A Cure for Diabetes</b>
<br>
<br>
Cuban scientists have developed both a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/thout-breaking-law-1019093001-/tklcg2/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">lung cancer vaccine</a>
and a groundbreaking <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-s-20-t-QdAJ4gC1SEDMkaKRxBLKYA/tklcg5/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">diabetes treatment</a>.
The new diabetes treatment, Heberprot-P, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-international-award-20110324-/tklcg8/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">developed</a> by the
Cuban Center for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology (CIGB), can reduce leg
amputations of people with diabetic foot
ulcers by more than <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/7-23-biotechnology-medicament-/tklcgc/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">four times</a>. The
medication <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ent-uploads-2018-04-mr-287-pdf/tklcgg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">contains</a> a
recombinant human epidermal growth factor
that, when injected into a foot ulcer,
accelerates its healing process, thereby,
reducing diabetes-related amputations. And
yet, despite the fact that the medication has
been registered in Cuba <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ent-uploads-2018-04-mr-287-pdf/tklcgg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">since 2006</a>, and
has been registered in several other countries
since, people in the United States are <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/lancet-article-PIIS0140-673619/tklcgk/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs)31362-5/fulltext"
moz-do-not-send="true">unable</a> to get
access to Heberprot-P.<br>
<br>
Diabetes was the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-products-databriefs-db427-htm/tklcgn/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">eighth</a> leading
cause of death in the United States in 2020,
according to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ts-leading-causes-of-death-htm/tklcgr/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">killing more than
100,000 patients in that year</a>. “Foot
ulcers are among the most common complications
of patients who have diabetes,” which can
escalate into lower limb amputations, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/books-NBK537328-/tklcgv/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">according</a> to a
report in the National Center for
Biotechnology Information. Each year, around
73,000 “<a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/putation-indications-and-after/tklcgy/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">non-traumatic lower
extremity amputations</a>” are performed on
people who have diabetes in the U.S. These
amputations occur at a disproportionate rate
depending on the race of a patient, being far
more prevalent among Black and Brown people
suffering from diabetes. Many point to <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/lancet-article-PIIS0140-673621/tklch2/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs)00724-8/fulltext"
moz-do-not-send="true">racial economic
disparities and systemic medical racism</a>
as the reason for this.<br>
<br>
“If you go into low-income African American
neighborhoods, it is a war zone… You see
people wheeling themselves around in
wheelchairs,” Dr. Dean Schillinger, a medical
professor at the University of California-San
Francisco, told <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ful-metric-of-inadequate-care-/tklch5/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">KHN</a>. According to
the KHN article, “Amputations are considered a
‘mega-disparity’ and dwarf nearly every other
health disparity by race and ethnicity.”
<br>
<br>
The life expectancy of a patient with
post-diabetic lower limb amputation is
significantly reduced, according to <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/pmc-articles-PMC5755273-/tklch8/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">various reports</a>.
“[P]atients with diabetes-related amputations
have a high risk of mortality, with a
five-year survival rate of 40–48 percent
regardless of the etiology of the amputation.”
Heberprot-P could help tens of thousands of
patients avoid such amputations, however, due
to the blockade, U.S. patients cannot access
this treatment. People in the U.S. have a
vested interest in dismantling the U.S.
blockade of Cuba.<br>
<br>
“So after five years [post-amputation], that’s
the most you can live, and we are preventing
that from happening,” said Rydell Alvarez
Arzola, a researcher at CIM, in a presentation
given to the U.S. and Cuban youth during the
conference in Havana. “And that also is
something that could bring both of our peoples
[in Cuba and the U.S.] together to fight… to
eliminate [the blockade].”<br>
<br>
<b>Cuban Health Care Under Blockade</b><br>
<br>
Perhaps one of Cuba’s proudest achievements is
a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-full-10-1177-0169796X19826731/tklchc/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">world-renowned health
care system</a> that has thrived despite
economic devastation and a 60-year-long
blockade.<br>
<br>
After the fall of Cuba’s primary trading
partner, the Soviet Union, in 1991, the island
saw a GDP decrease of <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-review-socialism-soviet-union/tklchg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">35 percent over three
years</a>, blackouts, and a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/itp-cuba-CubaSituation0308-pdf/tklchk/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">nosedive</a> in
caloric intake. Yet, despite these
overwhelming challenges, Cuba never wavered in
its commitment to providing universal health
care. Universal health care, or access to free
and quality health care for all, is a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/l-to-expand-healthcare-access-/tklchn/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">long-standing demand</a>
of people’s movements in the United States
that has never been implemented
largely due to the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ealth-care-became-big-business/tklchr/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">for-profit model</a>
of the health care industry and enormous
corporate interests in the sector.<br>
<br>
As other nations were enacting neoliberal <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/es-to-stronger-health-systems-/tklchv/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">austerity measures</a>,
which <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/cles-10-1186-s40985-017-0059-2/tklchy/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">drastically cut</a>
social services in the 1980s and 1990s, Cuba’s
public health care spending <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-review-socialism-soviet-union/tklchg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">increased by 13
percent</a> from 1990 to 1994. Cuba
successfully raised its doctor-to-patient
ratio to one doctor for every <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-review-socialism-soviet-union/tklchg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">202 Cubans</a> in the
mid-1990s, a far better statistic than the
United States’ ratio of one doctor for every
300 people, according to a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/lation-do-doctors-comprise-htm/tklcj2/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">2004 census</a>.
<br>
<br>
As the blockade begins its seventh decade,
Cuba is not only upholding universal health
care but also continues to be at the forefront
of scientific developments globally.
<br>
<br>
This was evident during the COVID-19 crisis.
Cuba, faced with the inability to purchase
vaccines developed by U.S. pharmaceutical
companies due to the U.S. blockade, developed
<a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-but-5-covid-vaccines-its-cuba/tklcj5/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">five vaccines</a>.
The nation not only achieved its goal of
creating <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/1-2-efficacy-against-covid-19-/tklcj8/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">one of the most
effective COVID-19 vaccines</a> but also
launched the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/virus-vaccine-abdala-soberana-/tklcjc/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">first mass COVID-19
vaccination campaign for children</a> from
two to 18 years old in September 2021.<br>
<br>
<b>To Share Knowledge Without Restrictions</b>
<br>
<br>
Despite its achievements, Cuban health care
still faces serious, life-threatening
limitations due to the economic blockade. CIM,
for example, has struggled to find
international companies willing to carry out
vital services for them. Claudia Plasencia, a
CIM researcher, explained during the
conference that CIM had signed a contract with
a German gene synthesis company which later
backed out because it had signed a new
contract with a U.S. company. “They could not
keep processing our samples, they could not
keep doing business with Cuba,” Plasencia
said.<br>
<br>
Arzola explained how it is virtually
impossible to purchase top-of-the-line
equipment due to trade restrictions. “A flow
cytometer is a machine that costs a
quarter-million dollars… even if my lab has
the money, I cannot buy the best machine in
the world, which is from the U.S., everyone
knows that,” he said. Even if CIM were to buy
such a machine from a third party, it cannot
utilize the repair services from the United
States. “I cannot buy these machines even if I
have the money, because I would not be able to
fix them. You cannot spend a quarter-million
dollars every six months [buying a new
machine]… even though you know that this
[machine] is the best for your patients.”
<br>
<br>
I spoke to Marianniz Diaz, a young woman
scientist at CIM. When asked what we in the
U.S. could do to help CIM’s scientists, her
answer was straightforward: “The principal
thing you can do is eliminate the blockade.”
<br>
<br>
“I would like us to have an interaction
without restrictions, so we [Cuba and the
U.S.] can share our science, our products,
[and] our knowledge,” she said.<br>
<br>
<em>This article was produced in partnership
with <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2023-01-25/tklcjg/1234823023?h=ByV5YjoKCpbZjXWQ37cQXAqCGRjDz5TphF3T_cSlcZs"
moz-do-not-send="true">Peoples Dispatch</a>.</em>
<br>
<br>
<em><b>Natalia Marques</b> is a writer at
Peoples Dispatch, an organizer, and a
graphic designer based in New York City</em>.<br>
<br>
<b>For media outlets interested in publishing
Globetrotter articles like these, please
send us an email: <a
href="mailto:info@globetrotter.media?subject=Syndication%20Inquiry%3A%20"
moz-do-not-send="true">info@globetrotter.media</a>.</b></div>
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