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New Roman',serif;" valign="top"><a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-amid-apathy-and-injustice-htm/r5sd75/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><b>Violence
Against Indigenous Women Grows in Vancouver
Amid ‘Apathy and Injustice’</b></a></td>
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valign="top"><b><em>Indigenous women and girls
in Canada continue to face disproportionate
levels of violence and insecurity rooted in
colonialism.</em></b><br>
<br>
<b>By Tanupriya Singh</b>
<div><br>
Violence against Indigenous women is <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/cic-calls-on-city-of-vancouver/r5sd78/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“escalating like
never before,”</a> the Union of British
Columbia Indian Chiefs (UBCIC) has warned. A <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/d-in-metro-vancouver-1-6055026/r5sd7c/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">series</a> of
tragedies have rocked the city of Vancouver (<a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/rams-land-acknowledgement-aspx/r5sd7g/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">unceded</a> Musqueam,
Squamish, and Tsleil-Waututh lands) in recent
months, including the discovery of the body of
a 14-year-old Indigenous child, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/oelle-osoup-who-vanished-at-13/r5sd7k/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">Noelle
O’Soup</a>, in May.<br>
<br>
“Apathy and injustice prevail among the
authorities while the intersecting crises of
MMIWG2S+ [missing and murdered Indigenous
women, girls, Two-Spirit, and others], the
colonial child welfare system, homelessness,
and the opioid crisis are literally killing
our people,” said Kukpi7 (Chief) Judy Wilson,
UBCIC secretary-treasurer, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/cic-calls-on-city-of-vancouver/r5sd78/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">according</a> to a
press release by the organization.<br>
<br>
Noelle O’Soup was <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-noelle-osoup-family-1-6546297/r5sd7n/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">found</a> in an
apartment approximately a year after she went
missing from a group home in Port Coquitlam,
while under the care of the Ministry of
Children and Family Development (MCFD),
British Columbia. Reports on the circumstances
of her <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-noelle-osoup-family-1-6546297/r5sd7n/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">disappearance</a> and
the investigation into her death have revealed
<a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ed-by-vancouver-investigators-/r5sd7r/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">negligence</a> by
both the police and the government. “The major
investigative oversight occurred despite
multiple visits to, and apparent inspections
of, the
single room occupancy unit where Noelle
O’Soup’s remains would finally be discovered,”
<a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ed-by-vancouver-investigators-/r5sd7r/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">stated</a> Global
News. Her case, unfortunately, is more the
rule rather than the exception in Canada.<br>
<br>
<b>An Ongoing Genocide</b><br>
<br>
In 2019, the National Inquiry into Missing and
Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (NIMMIWG)
released its <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/final-report-/r5sd7v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">final report</a>,
declaring that the violence against Indigenous
women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA (Two-Spirit,
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer,
questioning, intersex, and asexual) people
amounted to “genocide.”<br>
<br>
The NIMMIWG <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/9-06-Final-Report-Vol-1a-1-pdf/r5sd7y/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">emphasized</a> that
this genocide had been “empowered by colonial
structures evidenced notably by the Indian
Act, the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/sixties-scoop-/r5sd82/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">Sixties Scoop</a>,
residential schools, and breaches of human and
Indigenous rights, leading directly to the
current increased rates of violence, death,
and suicide in Indigenous populations.”<br>
<br>
The inquiry <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/9-06-Final-Report-Vol-1a-1-pdf/r5sd7y/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">found</a> that
“Indigenous women and girls are 12 times more
likely to be murdered or [go] missing than any
other women in Canada,” with the figure
soaring to 16 times when compared to white
women in the country.<br>
<br>
A <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-2022001-article-00004-eng-htm/r5sd85/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">report</a> by
Statistics Canada released in April 2022
stated that 56 percent of Indigenous women
have experienced physical assault, while 46
percent have experienced sexual assault in
their lifetime. Constituting approximately 5
percent of Canada’s population of women,
Indigenous women accounted for 24 percent of
all women homicide victims between 2015 and
2020, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-2022001-article-00004-eng-htm/r5sd85/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">according</a> to the
Statistics Canada report.<br>
<br>
The likelihood of experiencing violence seems
to be higher in cases where Indigenous women
live in rural and remote areas, if they have a
<a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-2022001-article-00004-eng-htm/r5sd85/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">disability</a>, have
experienced homelessness, or have been in
government care—81 percent of Indigenous women
who have been in the child welfare system have
been physically or sexually assaulted in their
lifetime, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-2022001-article-00004-eng-htm/r5sd85/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">according</a> to
Statistics Canada.<br>
<br>
“Across multiple generations, Indigenous
peoples were and continue to be subjected to
the detrimental harms of colonialism,” <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-2022001-article-00004-eng-htm/r5sd85/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">acknowledged</a> the
report. Not only are Indigenous children <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ng-1541187352297-1541187392851/r5sd88/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">disproportionately</a>
represented in Canada’s child welfare system
(52.2 percent), but advocates have also <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/s-family-separations-advocate-/r5sd8c/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">found</a> that more
children have been forcibly separated from
their families now than during the brutal
Indian <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-residential-school-in-canada-/r5sd8g/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">residential schools</a>
period.<br>
<br>
Along with its final report, the NIMMIWG also
made a key <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/plementary-Report-Genocide-pdf/r5sd8k/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">intervention</a> in
prevailing <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/20the20Crime20of20Genocide-pdf/r5sd8n/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">definitions</a> of
genocide, <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/plementary-Report-Genocide-pdf/r5sd8k/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">stating</a> that “In
actuality, genocide encompasses a variety of
both lethal and non-lethal acts, including
acts of ‘slow death,’ and all of these acts
have very specific impacts on women and
girls.”<br>
<br>
“This reality must be acknowledged as a
precursor to understanding genocide as a root
cause of the violence against Indigenous women
and girls in Canada,” the NIMMIWG <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/plementary-Report-Genocide-pdf/r5sd8k/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">added</a>, “[n]ot
only because of the genocidal acts that were
and still are perpetrated against them, but
also because of all the societal
vulnerabilities it fosters, which leads to
deaths and disappearances.”<br>
<br>
<b>‘The Police Don’t Protect Us’</b><br>
<br>
The remains of Noelle O’Soup were found in
Downtown Eastside (DTES), a neighborhood
referred to as <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/lly20safe20ways20to-Braley-pdf/r5sd8r/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“ground zero”</a> for
violence against Indigenous women. Residents
face <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">disproportionate
levels</a> of “manufactured and enforced
violence, poverty, homelessness, child
apprehension, criminalization, and fatal
overdoses.”<br>
<br>
Approximately <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/vhuecbf7/r5sd8y/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">8,000</a> women live
and work in DTES, where the rates of <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-after-recent-violence-in-dtes/r5sd92/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">violence</a> have
been more than double compared to the rest of
Vancouver, according to data provided by the
police.<br>
<br>
Indigenous women have an acute vulnerability
to violence, and yet the institutional
response has been to stigmatize the women in
DTES for having <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“high-risk
lifestyles.”</a><br>
<br>
“Harmful stereotypes that are perpetuated
against Indigenous women are used as an
ongoing tool of colonization to enforce their
vulnerability to violence,” stated Christine
Wilson, director of Indigenous Advocacy at the
Downtown Eastside Women’s Center (DEWC), in an
interview with Peoples Dispatch.<br>
<br>
In 2019, the DEWC published <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“Red Women Rising,”</a>
a historic report produced in direct
collaboration with 113 Indigenous survivors of
violence and 15 non-Indigenous women in the
DTES who knew Indigenous women who have
experienced violence, have gone missing, or
have overdosed. “Red Women Rising” was
published in response to the final report of
the NIMMIWG.<br>
<br>
Echoing the argument put forth in <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“Red Women Rising,”</a>
Wilson reiterated that “the criminal justice
system constructs Indigenous women as ‘risks’
that need to be contained, which leaves them
unsafe and exacerbates inequalities.”
Widespread <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-CEDAW-C-OP-8-CAN-1-7643-E-pdf/r5sd95/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">bias</a> within the
policing system has not only influenced
whether police take Indigenous women’s
complaints seriously, Wilson explained, but
also whether Indigenous women approach the
police at all.<br>
<br>
“The police don’t protect us; they harass us,”
stated DJ Joe, a resident of DTES, in the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">report</a> by DEWC.
“Native women face so much violence but no one
believes a Native woman when she reports
violence.”<br>
<br>
In cases involving missing or murdered women,
there is a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ormans-disappearance-and-death/r5sd98/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">lack of proper
investigation</a> and adequate resources,
Wilson stated, adding that family members of
victims were subjected to insensitive and
offensive treatment, alongside general
jurisdictional confusion and lack of
coordination among the police.<br>
<br>
Police have also been actively hostile and <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/igenous-women-saskatchewan-and/r5sd9c/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">abusive</a> toward
Indigenous women in Canada. They continue to
be <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-2022-05-FAFIA-RCMP-REPORT-pdf/r5sd9g/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">targets</a> of sexual
violence by police forces, particularly the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), which
has been deployed on contract policing
services in 600 Indigenous communities.<br>
<br>
Lack of police and judicial protection also
overlaps with <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-women-inmates-are-indigenous-/r5sd9k/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">criminalization</a>,
thereby exacerbating violence against
Indigenous women and girls. Wilson added,
“Indigenous women are more likely to be
violently attacked by their abusers and then
more likely to be counter-charged by the
police, compared to non-Indigenous women.”<br>
<br>
<b>Colonial Patriarchy Poses the Highest Risk</b><br>
<br>
As “Red Women Rising” <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">outlined</a>,
“Settler-colonialism intentionally targets
Indigenous women in order to destroy families,
sever the connection to land-based practices
and economies, and devastate relational
governance of Indigenous nations.”<br>
<br>
The report identified “[m]ultiplying
socioeconomic oppressions within colonialism,”
including loss of land, family violence, child
apprehension, and inadequate services, which
worked to displace Indigenous women and
children from their home communities.<br>
<br>
Forty-two percent of women living on reserves
lived in houses requiring major repairs,
according to the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">report</a>, and
nearly one-third of all on-reserve homes in
Canada were food insecure, with the figure
soaring to 90 percent in some areas.
Meanwhile, 64 percent of Indigenous women
lived off-reserve, in areas such as DTES.<br>
<br>
Displacement is closely linked to housing
insecurity, with all members of DEWC having
experienced homelessness at some point in
their lives.<br>
<br>
The violence that Indigenous women face is
tied to poverty, which in turn “magnifies
vulnerability to abusive relationships, sexual
assault, child apprehension, exploitative work
conditions, [and] unsafe housing,” <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">stated</a> the “Red
Women Rising” report.<br>
<br>
Not only are Indigenous women
disproportionately <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">criminalized</a> for
“poverty-related crimes,” but Indigenous
families are also investigated for
“poverty-related ‘neglect’” eight times more
as compared to non-Indigenous families.
“[H]igher stressors associated with living in
systemic poverty such as drug dependence and
participation in street economies are used
against Indigenous women in order to apprehend
Indigenous children, thus perpetuating the
colonial cycle of trauma and impoverishment,”
the report <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">pointed out</a>.<br>
<br>
As a result, activists <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-Report-Final-March-10-WEB-pdf/r5sd8v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">argue</a> that what
is needed is an “assertion of Indigenous laws
and jurisdiction, and restoration of
collective Indigenous women’s rights and
governance,” and “individual support for
survivors such as healing programs.”<br>
<br>
“Red Women Rising” had made 200
recommendations to address violence against
Indigenous women. Meanwhile, the NIMMIWG had
issued 231 <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/mmiwg-inquiry-report-1-5158385/r5sd9n/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“Calls for Justice,”</a>
stressing that they were legal imperatives,
not recommendations. However, in the three
years since the release of both these reports,
the Canadian government has made <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/abc-media-1/r5sd9r/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">“little progress.”</a><br>
<br>
“While there have been crucial acknowledgments
on the subject of violence against Indigenous
women,” Wilson told Peoples Dispatch, “now we
need actions. We need funds for reparations,
we need housing, and we need clean water on
the reserves.”<br>
<br>
<em>This article was produced in partnership
with <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2022-09-17/r5sd9v/1148445919?h=_YJ7KPzRoo1QT_ZQUJnjLnS4Ma2UG7NNacrsQK1hKBM"
moz-do-not-send="true">Peoples Dispatch</a>.</em><br>
<br>
<em><b>Tanupriya Singh</b> is a writer at
Peoples Dispatch and is based in Delhi.</em></div>
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