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<div id="attachment_62298"
class="wp-caption
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aria-describedby="caption-attachment-62298"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-62298
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
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alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_comida-dom-e-bruno.jpg
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<p
id="caption-attachment-62298"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
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100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Photograph
by Wellington Lenon /
MST-PR</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Dear
friends,</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
from the desk of <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9032b24c14&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
Institute for Social
Research</a>.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">In
the chilly Brazilian winter
of 2019, Renata Porto Bugni
(deputy director of
Tricontinental: Institute
for Social Research), André
Cardoso (coordinator of our
office in Brazil), and I
went to the <i>Lula Livre</i>
(‘Free Lula’) camp in
Curitiba, set up just across
the road from the
penitentiary where former
President Luiz Inácio Lula
da Silva sat in a 15-square
metre cell. Lula had been in
prison for 500 days.
Hundreds of people gathered
each day at the Lula Livre
camp to wish him good
morning, good day, and good
night – a greeting that
sought both to keep his
spirits up and to offer a
spirited protest of his
incarceration. Eighty days
later, Lula walked out of
prison, <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=04b1e32730&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">free</a>
from charges that most
observers rightly condemned
as absurd. He is now the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=fa2a4bff95&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">front-runner</a>
in the country’s
presidential elections that
will take place on 2 October
2022.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">One
of the features of the vigil
outside the federal prison
was the ubiquity of
militants of the <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=c91daddd14&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Landless
Workers’ Movement</a>
(MST). Their flags were
everywhere, their cadre
forming the spinal cord of
the movement to free Lula
that blossomed out from
Curitiba to every corner of
the country. Formed in 1984
during the military
dictatorship (1964–85), the
MST grew out of agricultural
workers’ and peasants’
occupations of <i>latifúndios</i>,
gigantic estates held by
wealthy individuals and
corporations. Over the past
four decades, these farmers
have taken control of
millions of hectares of land
across Brazil, forming the
largest social movement in
Latin America.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_62338"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-62338"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-62338
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_final-palmares.jpg"
alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_final-palmares.jpg
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_final-palmares-300x200.jpg
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_final-palmares-768x512.jpg
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-62338"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Photograph
by Mídia Ninja</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Approximately
500,000 households live in
these MST-led occupations,
meaning that the MST has
organised about two million
people into its ranks.
Around 100,000 families live
on encampments (<i>acampamentos</i>),
which are occupations of
fallow land to which they
have not been given formal
access; 400,000 families
live on settlements (<i>assentamentos</i>),
whose land they now hold by
right through liberal
provisions in Chapter III of
the country’s 1988 <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=aec576a284&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Constitution</a>,
Article 184, which states
that the government can
‘expropriate, on account of
social interest, for
purposes of agrarian reform,
rural property that does not
perform a social function’.
However, it is important to
note that, on a punctual
basis, the Brazilian state
nonetheless attempts to
evict families from these
legal encampments.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
settlements’ residents
organise themselves through
various democratic
structures, create schools
for their children and
community kitchens for the
indigent, and develop
techniques for
agroecological farming
towards fulfilling their own
needs and for sale in the
marketplace. The MST is now
rooted in the social
landscape of Brazil; it is
impossible to think of the
country without the
movement’s red flag
fluttering across these
encampments from the Amazon
in the north to Arroio Chuí,
Brazil’s southernmost point.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_62288"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-62288"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-62288
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_musica-marighela.jpg"
alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_musica-marighela.jpg
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_musica-marighela-300x200.jpg
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_musica-marighela-768x513.jpg
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-62288"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Photograph
by Mídia Ninja</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Beneath
the considerable activity of
the MST lies a theory, and
that theory – rooted in
concepts such as agrarian
reform – is detailed in a
variety of venues. Our
institute’s deputy director,
Renata Porto Bugni,
interviewed one of the
members of the MST’s
national coordination, Neuri
Rossetto, on his
understanding of the
movement’s theory and the
relevance of the Italian
communist Antonio Gramsci’s
writing. Published jointly
with GramsciLab and Centro
per la Riforma dello Stato,
this interview is now
available in our <a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=84021c748c&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">dossier
no. 54</a> (July 2022), <i>Gramsci
Amidst Brazil’s Landless
Workers’ Movement (MST)</i>.
Neuri, as he prefers to be
called, shares his
understanding of Gramsci and
reflects on the three main
challenges faced by the MST:</p>
<ol>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">to
precisely identify the
adversaries who impede
efforts to address the
dilemmas of humanity (such
as agrarian reform);</li>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">to
establish an ongoing
dialogue with the working
class to build a political
project for each country;
and</li>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">to
strengthen the political
and organisational
capacity of the main
forces who advance our
struggles.</li>
</ol>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Hegemony,
as Gramsci pointed out,
emerges from the practice of
assembling a new political
project out of the ‘common
sense’ of the people and
elaborating those ideas into
a coherent philosophy. The
central concept for the MST
to elaborate this theory is
agrarian reform. According
to Neuri, this reform
project fights ‘for an
agricultural model centred
on the production of healthy
food for the Brazilian
population alongside the
struggle to democratise land
ownership’. The MST
organises peasants to
improve not only their
control over land, but also
over agricultural
production, including by
avoiding toxic chemicals
which destroy both the
workers’ land and health.
This project is now linked
to an interest amongst
consumers for food whose
components do not harm them
and whose production does
not destroy the planet. The
possibility of uniting the
majority of the country’s
212 million people in
pursuit of agrarian reform
galvanises the MST.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_62328"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-62328"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-62328
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_educacao-che.jpg"
alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_educacao-che.jpg
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_educacao-che-300x200.jpg
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/D54_Images_educacao-che-768x511.jpg
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-62328"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Photograph
by Igor de Nadai</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Is
the MST a social movement or
a political party? This has
been a question that has
bedevilled the movement
since its origin nearly
forty years ago. In fact,
from a Gramscian
perspective, the distinction
between these two – social
movements and political
parties – is not so
significant. Neuri’s
commentary on these themes
in the interview is quite
instructive:</p>
<p style="padding-left:
40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">We
are aware of the
responsibilities and the
need to improve our
political forces, both in
their organisational and
ideological senses, in order
to have a greater influence
in the class struggle.
However, we do not claim to
assume the role of a
political party in its
strict sense, as we believe
that this political
instrument is beyond our
scope. This does not mean to
say that we have a
supra-partisan or
non-partisan stance. We
believe that the
articulation of
working-class movements,
trade unions, and political
parties is fundamental in
the construction of another
sociability which is
alternative and contrary to
the bourgeois order. … [W]e
do not underestimate the
importance and strength of
political action and popular
mobilisations as an
educating element for the
subaltern classes. The
popular masses learn and
educate themselves in
popular mobilisations.
There, in the mass movement,
lies the political strength
of the organisation; this is
where the
political-ideological level
of the masses is raised.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">In
sum, the MST is part of a
process to build the
organisational and
ideological strength of the
peasantry, and it works
alongside trade union
movements and other
organisations to create a
political project for social
emancipation. To that end,
the MST has participated in
building the Popular Project
for Brazil (<a
href="https://thetricontinental.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f28506d939&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><i>Projeto
Brasil Popular</i></a>),
which, as Neuri says, ‘aims
to consolidate a historic
bloc that promotes
anti-capitalist,
emancipatory struggles and
immediate economic gains
that meet the needs and
interests of the working
class’. Advancing the
confidence and power of the
working class and peasantry
is, therefore, central to
the MST’s activity. Part of
this work has been to fight
back against Lula’s
persecution.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div class="embed-responsive
embed-responsive-16by9">
<div
class="iframe-container">
<table
id="youtube_ibTz0mCv650_500"
style="display:inline;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div
style="font-size:16px;">
<div style=""><a
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibTz0mCv650" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="mcnImage" alt="Watch the Video" title="Watch the Video"
src="https://mcusercontent.com/6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6/video-thumbs/d90b6cfb3c86f9a0a3ac79dce328ffde_mcvid_youtube_ibTz0mCv650_500.jpg"
style="height:
auto;
max-width:450px"
moz-do-not-send="true" border="0"></a></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<p style="text-align:
center;margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height: 150%;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Nara
Leão (Brazil) sings <i>Faz
escuro mas eu canto</i>
(1966)</span></p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">In
1962–63, while Brazil was
governed by a centre-left
formation led by President
João Goulart, the mood in
the country was drawn to
change and possibility.
During this period, the
Amazonian poet Thiago de
Mello (1926–2022) wrote
‘Madrugada camponesa’
(‘Peasant Dawn’), which
reflected on the peasantry’s
hard work to plant not only
food but also hope. When the
poem was published in 1965
in a book called <i>Faz
escuro mas eu canto </i>(‘<i>It
Is Dark but I Sing</i>’),
the political situation in
Brazil had changed after a
US-led coup overthrew
Goulart and brought the
military to power in 1964.
The poem’s line ‘It is dark,
but I sing because the
morning will come’ took on a
new charge. The next year,
Nara Leão sang these words
and made them an anthem of
the time. We leave our
newsletter this week with de
Mello’s poem, a tribute to
the peasantry and to the
fight against the
dictatorship of power,
privilege, and property.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
land is still dark<br>
in the peasant dawn,<br>
but it is necessary to
plant.<br>
Night was deeper,<br>
now morning is coming.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">There
is no place for a song<br>
made of fear and mimicry<br>
to fool solitude.<br>
Now it is time for the
truth,<br>
sung simply and always.<br>
Now it is time for joy,<br>
which is built day by day<br>
with bread and song.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Soon
it will be (I feel it in the
air)<br>
the time of ripe wheat.<br>
It will be time to harvest.<br>
Miracles are rising up like<br>
blue rain on the cornfields,<br>
beanstalks bursting into
flower,<br>
fresh sap flowing<br>
from my distant rubber
trees.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Dawn
of hope,<br>
the time of love is almost
here.<br>
I harvest a fiery sun that
burns on the ground<br>
and plough the light from
within the sugarcane,<br>
my soul on its pennant.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Peasant
dawn.<br>
The land is dark (but not
quite as much),<br>
it is time to work.<br>
It is dark but I sing<br>
because the morning will
come<br>
(It is dark, but I sing).</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
</span> </td>
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