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href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a5ce499c74&e=d206d0a40d"
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                                              style="color:#ba2025">View
                                              this email in your browser</span></a></span>
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                                  align="left">
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                                    <tr>
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                                        style="padding-top:
                                        0;padding-right:
                                        18px;padding-bottom:
                                        9px;padding-left:
                                        18px;mso-line-height-rule:
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                                        100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                        100%;word-break:
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                                        Helvetica;font-size:
                                        16px;line-height:
                                        150%;text-align: left;"
                                        valign="top"> <strong><span
                                            style="font-size:20px"><span
                                              style="color:#ba2025"><span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">With
                                                Clenched Fists, They
                                                Spend Money on Weapons
                                                as the Planet Burns: The
                                                Eighteenth Newsletter
                                                (2022)</span></span></span></strong>
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                        center;background-size: cover;border-top:
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                                  width="100%" cellspacing="0"
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                                        style="padding: 0px 18px
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                                        "Lato",
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                                        Helvetica, Arial,
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                                        exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                        100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                        100%;word-break:
                                        break-word;color:
                                        #202020;font-size:
                                        16px;line-height:
                                        150%;text-align: left;"
                                        valign="top"> <br>
                                        <span
                                          style="font-family:lato,helvetica
neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">
                                          <div id="attachment_59247"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-59247"
                                              class="wp-image-59247
                                              size-full img-responsive
                                              mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Dia-Al-Azzawi-Iraq-Sabra-and-Shatila-Massacre-1982-83..jpg"
                                              alt="Dia Al-Azzawi (Iraq),
                                              Sabra and Shatila
                                              Massacre, 1982–⁠83."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Dia-Al-Azzawi-Iraq-Sabra-and-Shatila-Massacre-1982-83..jpg
                                              950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Dia-Al-Azzawi-Iraq-Sabra-and-Shatila-Massacre-1982-83.-300x123.jpg
                                              300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Dia-Al-Azzawi-Iraq-Sabra-and-Shatila-Massacre-1982-83.-768x314.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-59247"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">Dia
                                                Al-Azzawi (Iraq), <i>Sabra
                                                  and Shatila Massacre</i>,
                                                1982–⁠83.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Dear
                                            friends,</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
                                            from the desk of <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=fc6411240c&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
                                              Institute for Social
                                              Research</a>.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Two
                                            important reports were
                                            released last month, neither
                                            getting the kind of
                                            attention they deserve. On 4
                                            April, the Intergovernmental
                                            Panel on Climate Change’s
                                            Working Group III <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f4d30e41db&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">report</a>
                                            was published, evoking a
                                            strong reaction from the
                                            United Nations’ Secretary
                                            General António Guterres.
                                            The report, he <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=bd6bec89a7&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>,
                                            ‘is a litany of broken
                                            climate promises. It is a
                                            file of shame, cataloguing
                                            the empty pledges that put
                                            us firmly on track towards
                                            an unliveable world’. At
                                            COP26, the developed
                                            countries <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=e0ef8d2bd1&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">pledged</a>
                                            to spend a modest $100
                                            billion for the Adaptation
                                            Fund to assist developing
                                            countries adapt to climate
                                            change. Meanwhile, on 25
                                            April, the Stockholm
                                            International Peace Research
                                            Institute (SIPRI) issued its
                                            annual <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=0ad2753fc8&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">report</a>,
                                            finding that the world
                                            military spending surpassed
                                            $2 trillion in 2021, the
                                            first time it has exceeded
                                            the $2 trillion mark. The
                                            five largest spenders – the
                                            United States, China, India,
                                            the United Kingdom, and
                                            Russia – accounted for 62
                                            percent of this amount; the
                                            United States, by itself,
                                            accounts for 40 percent of
                                            total arms expenditure.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">There
                                            is an endless flow of money
                                            for weapons but less than a
                                            pittance to avert planetary
                                            disaster.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <div id="attachment_59257"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-59257"
                                              loading="lazy"
                                              class="wp-image-59257
                                              size-full img-responsive
                                              mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shahidul-Alam-Bangladesh-Wading-down-a-street-near-Kamlapur-railway-station-1988..jpg"
                                              alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shahidul-Alam-Bangladesh-Wading-down-a-street-near-Kamlapur-railway-station-1988..jpg
                                              950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shahidul-Alam-Bangladesh-Wading-down-a-street-near-Kamlapur-railway-station-1988.-300x169.jpg
                                              300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Shahidul-Alam-Bangladesh-Wading-down-a-street-near-Kamlapur-railway-station-1988.-768x432.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
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                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-59257"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
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100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">Shahidul
                                                Alam/Drik/Majority World
                                                (Bangladesh), The
                                                resilience of the
                                                average Bangladeshi is
                                                remarkable. As this
                                                woman waded through the
                                                flood waters in
                                                Kamalapur to get to
                                                work, there was a
                                                photographic studio
                                                ‘Dreamland
                                                Photographers’, which
                                                was open for business,
                                                1988.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">That
                                            word ‘disaster’ is not an
                                            exaggeration. UN Secretary
                                            General Guterres has warned
                                            that ‘we are on a fast track
                                            to climate disaster… It is
                                            time to stop burning our
                                            planet’. These words are
                                            based on the facts contained
                                            in the Working Group III
                                            report. It is now firmly
                                            established in the
                                            scientific record that the
                                            historical responsibility
                                            for the devastation done to
                                            our environment and our
                                            climate rests with the most
                                            powerful states, led by the
                                            United States. There is
                                            little debate about this
                                            responsibility in the
                                            distant past, a consequence
                                            of the ruthless war against
                                            nature carried out by the
                                            forces of capitalism and
                                            colonialism.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">But
                                            this responsibility also
                                            extends to our present
                                            period. On 1 April, a new
                                            study was <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d8f72a376e&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">published</a>
                                            in <i>The Lancet Planetary
                                              Health</i> demonstrating
                                            that from 1970 to 2017
                                            ‘high-income nations are
                                            responsible for 74 percent
                                            of global excess material
                                            use, driven primarily by the
                                            USA (27 percent) and the
                                            EU-28 high-income countries
                                            (25 percent)’. The excess
                                            material use in the North
                                            Atlantic countries is due to
                                            use of abiotic resources
                                            (fossil fuels, metals, and
                                            non-metallic minerals).
                                            China is responsible for 15
                                            percent of global excess
                                            material use and the rest of
                                            the Global South is
                                            responsible for only 8
                                            percent. The excess use in
                                            these lower-income countries
                                            is driven largely using
                                            biotic resources (biomass).
                                            This distinction between
                                            abiotic and biotic resources
                                            shows us that the excess
                                            resources use from the
                                            Global South is largely
                                            renewable, whereas that of
                                            the North Atlantic states is
                                            non-renewable.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Such
                                            an intervention should have
                                            been on the front pages of
                                            the newspapers of the world,
                                            particularly in Global
                                            South, and its findings
                                            debated widely on television
                                            channels. But it was barely
                                            remarked upon. It proves
                                            decisively that the
                                            high-income countries of the
                                            North Atlantic are
                                            destroying the planet, that
                                            they need to change their
                                            ways, and that they need to
                                            pay into the various
                                            adaptation and mitigation
                                            funds to assist countries
                                            that are not creating the
                                            problem but that are
                                            suffering from its impact.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Having
                                            presented the data, the
                                            scholars who wrote this
                                            paper note that ‘high-income
                                            nations bear the
                                            overwhelming responsibility
                                            for global ecological
                                            breakdown, and therefore owe
                                            an ecological debt to the
                                            rest of the world. These
                                            nations need to take the
                                            lead in making radical
                                            reductions in their resource
                                            use to avoid further
                                            degradation, which will
                                            likely require
                                            transformative post-growth
                                            and degrowth approaches’.
                                            These are interesting
                                            thoughts: ‘radical
                                            reductions in resource use’
                                            and then ‘post-growth and
                                            degrowth approaches’.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <div id="attachment_59267"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-59267"
                                              loading="lazy"
                                              class="wp-image-59267
                                              size-full img-responsive
                                              mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Simon-Gende-Papua-New-Guinea-The-US-Army-find-Osama-bin-Laden-hiding-in-a-house-and-kill-him-2013..jpg"
                                              alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Simon-Gende-Papua-New-Guinea-The-US-Army-find-Osama-bin-Laden-hiding-in-a-house-and-kill-him-2013..jpg
                                              950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Simon-Gende-Papua-New-Guinea-The-US-Army-find-Osama-bin-Laden-hiding-in-a-house-and-kill-him-2013.-300x213.jpg
                                              300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Simon-Gende-Papua-New-Guinea-The-US-Army-find-Osama-bin-Laden-hiding-in-a-house-and-kill-him-2013.-768x546.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-59267"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">Simon
                                                Gende (Papua New
                                                Guinea), <i>The US Army
                                                  Find Osama bin Laden
                                                  Hiding in a House and
                                                  Kill Him</i>, 2013.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">The
                                            North Atlantic states – led
                                            by the United States – are
                                            the largest spenders of
                                            social wealth on arms. The
                                            Pentagon – the US armed
                                            forces – ‘remains the single
                                            largest consumers of oil’, <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a6499fabe2&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">says</a>
                                            a Brown University study,
                                            ‘and as a result, one of the
                                            world’s top greenhouse gas
                                            emitters’. To get the United
                                            States and its allies to
                                            sign the Kyoto Protocol in
                                            1997, the UN member states
                                            had to <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=06b277169e&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">allow</a>
                                            greenhouse gas emissions by
                                            the military to be excluded
                                            from the national reporting
                                            on emissions.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">The
                                            vulgarity of these matters
                                            can be put plainly by
                                            comparison of two money
                                            values. First, in 2019, the
                                            United Nations <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=06f40a79fc&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">calculated</a>
                                            that the annual funding gap
                                            to achieve the Sustainable
                                            Development Goals (SDGs)
                                            amounted to $2.5 trillion.
                                            Turning over the annual $2
                                            trillion in global military
                                            expenditure to the SDGs
                                            would go a long way toward
                                            dealing with the major
                                            assaults on human dignity:
                                            hunger, illiteracy,
                                            houselessness, lack of
                                            medical care, and so on. It
                                            is important to note here,
                                            that the $2 trillion figure
                                            from SIPRI does not include
                                            the lifetime waste of social
                                            wealth given to private arms
                                            manufacturers for weapons
                                            systems. For example, the
                                            Lockheed Martin F-35 weapons
                                            system is projected to <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=599ede70ab&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">cost</a>
                                            nearly $2 trillion.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">In
                                            2021, the world spent over
                                            $2 trillion on war, but only
                                            <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a1c0e8d059&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">invested</a>
                                            – and this is a generous
                                            calculation – $750 billion
                                            in clean energy and energy
                                            efficiency. Total <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=48154cf5b7&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">investment</a>
                                            in energy infrastructure in
                                            2021 was $1.9 trillion, but
                                            the bulk of that investment
                                            went to fossil fuels (oil,
                                            natural gas, and coal). So,
                                            investments in fossil fuels
                                            continue and investments in
                                            arms rise, while investments
                                            to transition to new forms
                                            of cleaner energy remain
                                            insufficient.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <div id="attachment_59277"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-59277"
                                              loading="lazy"
                                              class="wp-image-59277
                                              size-full img-responsive
                                              mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Aline-Amaru-Tahiti-La-Famille-Pomare-1991..jpg"
                                              alt="Aline Amaru (Tahiti),
                                              La Famille Pomare (‘The
                                              Pomare Family’), 1991. "
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Aline-Amaru-Tahiti-La-Famille-Pomare-1991..jpg
                                              950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Aline-Amaru-Tahiti-La-Famille-Pomare-1991.-300x285.jpg
                                              300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Aline-Amaru-Tahiti-La-Famille-Pomare-1991.-768x728.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-59277"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">Aline
                                                Amaru (Tahiti), <i>La
                                                  Famille Pomare </i>(‘The
                                                Pomare Family’), 1991.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">On
                                            28 April, US President Joe
                                            Biden <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a9c1f64cde&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">asked</a>
                                            the US Congress to provide
                                            $33 billion for weapons
                                            systems to be sent to
                                            Ukraine. The call for these
                                            funds comes alongside
                                            incendiary statements made
                                            by the US Defence Secretary
                                            Lloyd Austin, who <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=dc84c2e434&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>
                                            that the US is not trying to
                                            remove Russian forces from
                                            Ukraine but to ‘see Russia
                                            weakened’. Austin’s comment
                                            should not come as a
                                            surprise. It mirrors US <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=2392a6ab23&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">policy</a>
                                            since 2018, which has been
                                            to prevent China and Russia
                                            from <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=607a9afc8f&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">becoming</a>
                                            ‘near-peer rivals’. Human
                                            rights are not the concern;
                                            the focus is preventing any
                                            challenge to US hegemony.
                                            For that reason, social
                                            wealth is wasted on weapons
                                            and not used to address the
                                            dilemmas of humanity.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <div id="attachment_59287"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-59287"
                                              loading="lazy"
                                              class="wp-image-59287
                                              size-full img-responsive
                                              mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Operation-Crossroads-Baker-atomic-test-Bikini-Atoll-Marshall-Islands-1946..jpg"
                                              alt=""
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Operation-Crossroads-Baker-atomic-test-Bikini-Atoll-Marshall-Islands-1946..jpg
                                              906w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Operation-Crossroads-Baker-atomic-test-Bikini-Atoll-Marshall-Islands-1946.-286x300.jpg
                                              286w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Operation-Crossroads-Baker-atomic-test-Bikini-Atoll-Marshall-Islands-1946.-768x805.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              906px) 100vw, 906px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="906" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-59287"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">Shot
                                                Baker atomic test under
                                                Operation Crossroads,
                                                Bikini Atoll (Marshall
                                                Islands), 1946.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Consider
                                            the way the United States
                                            has reacted to a <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f285012c51&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">deal</a>
                                            between Solomon Islands and
                                            China, two neighbours.
                                            Solomon Islands Prime
                                            Minister Manasseh Sogavare <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a7bb95fdde&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>
                                            that this deal sought to
                                            promote trade and
                                            humanitarian cooperation,
                                            not the militarisation of
                                            the Pacific Ocean. On that
                                            same day of Prime Minister
                                            Sogavare’s address, a
                                            high-level US delegation
                                            arrived in the nation’s
                                            capital Honiara. They <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=d2a69acc02&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">told</a>
                                            Prime Minister Sogavare that
                                            if the Chinese establish any
                                            kind of ‘military
                                            installation’, the United
                                            States would ‘then have
                                            significant concerns and
                                            respond accordingly’. These
                                            were plain threats. A few
                                            days later, Chinese Foreign
                                            Ministry spokesperson Wang
                                            Wenbin <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f6edf82138&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>,
                                            ‘Island countries in the
                                            South Pacific are
                                            independent and sovereign
                                            states, not a backyard of
                                            the US or Australia. Their
                                            attempt to revive the Monroe
                                            Doctrine in the South
                                            Pacific region will get no
                                            support and lead to
                                            nowhere’.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">The
                                            Solomon Islands has a long
                                            memory of the history of
                                            Australian-British
                                            colonialism and the scars of
                                            the atom bomb tests. The
                                            practice of ‘blackbirding’
                                            abducted thousands of
                                            Solomon Islanders to work
                                            the sugarcane fields in
                                            Queensland, Australia in the
                                            19th century, eventually
                                            leading to the Kwaio
                                            Rebellion of 1927 in
                                            Malaita. The Solomon Islands
                                            has fought hard against
                                            being militarised, <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=ce2728c8bf&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">voting</a>
                                            in 2016 with the world to
                                            prohibit nuclear weapons.
                                            The appetite to be the
                                            ‘backyard’ of the United
                                            States or Australia is not
                                            there. That was clear in the
                                            luminous poem ‘Peace Signs’
                                            (1974) by Solomon Islands
                                            writer Celestine Kulagoe:</p>
                                          <p style="padding-left:
                                            40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">A
                                            mushroom sprouts from<br>
                                            an arid pacific atoll<br>
                                            Disintegrates into space<br>
                                            Leaving only a residue of
                                            might<br>
                                            to which for an illusory<br>
                                            peace and security<br>
                                            man clings.</p>
                                          <p style="padding-left:
                                            40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">In
                                            the calm of the early
                                            morning<br>
                                            the third day after<br>
                                            love found joy<br>
                                            in the empty tomb<br>
                                            the wooden cross of disgrace<br>
                                            transformed into a symbol<br>
                                            of love service<br>
                                            peace.</p>
                                          <p style="padding-left:
                                            40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">In
                                            the heat of the afternoon
                                            lull<br>
                                            the UN flag flutters<br>
                                            hidden from sight by<br>
                                            national banners<br>
                                            under which<br>
                                            sit men with clenched fists<br>
                                            signing peace<br>
                                            treaties.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
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                                                <table
                                                  style="border-collapse:
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                                    <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
                                    <tr>
                                    <![endif]-->
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                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
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                                                          style="display:
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style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
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                                                          width="24"
                                                          valign="middle"
                                                          align="center">
                                                          <a
                                                          href="www.eltricontinental.org"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
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100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-link-48.png"
                                                          alt="Website"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
                                                          none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
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                                                          style="display:
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                                                          cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
                                                          <tbody>
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                                                          <td
                                                          style="padding-right:
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                                                          <table
                                                          style="border-collapse:
collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
                                                          0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width="" cellspacing="0"
                                                          cellpadding="0"
                                                          border="0"
                                                          align="left">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                                          100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                                          100%;"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          valign="middle"
                                                          align="center">
                                                          <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=76a3b714d9&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
                                                          exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-facebook-48.png"
                                                          alt="Facebook"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
                                                          none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          height="24"></a>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                        </table>
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <table
                                                          style="display:
inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          style="padding-right:
10px;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule:
                                                          exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer"
                                                          valign="top">
                                                          <table
                                                          class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          width="100%"
                                                          cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          style="padding-top:
5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left:
                                                          9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          valign="middle"
                                                          align="left">
                                                          <table
                                                          style="border-collapse:
collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
                                                          0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width="" cellspacing="0"
                                                          cellpadding="0"
                                                          border="0"
                                                          align="left">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                                          100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                                          100%;"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          valign="middle"
                                                          align="center">
                                                          <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=2852f4d705&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
                                                          exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-twitter-48.png"
                                                          alt="Twitter"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
                                                          none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          height="24"></a>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                        </table>
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        <td align="center" valign="top">
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <table
                                                          style="display:
inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          style="padding-right:
0;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule:
                                                          exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer"
                                                          valign="top">
                                                          <table
                                                          class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          width="100%"
                                                          cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          style="padding-top:
5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left:
                                                          9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                                                          valign="middle"
                                                          align="left">
                                                          <table
                                                          style="border-collapse:
collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
                                                          0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width="" cellspacing="0"
                                                          cellpadding="0"
                                                          border="0"
                                                          align="left">
                                                          <tbody>
                                                          <tr>
                                                          <td
                                                          class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                                          100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                                          100%;"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          valign="middle"
                                                          align="center">
                                                          <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=474e1f0ddb&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
                                                          exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-instagram-48.png"
alt="Instagram" style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
                                                          none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
                                                          width="24"
                                                          height="24"></a>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                          </table>
                                                          </td>
                                                          </tr>
                                                          </tbody>
                                                        </table>
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                        </td>
                                        <![endif]-->
                                                        <!--[if mso]>
                                    </tr>
                                    </table>
                                    <![endif]--> </td>
                                                    </tr>
                                                  </tbody>
                                                </table>
                                              </td>
                                            </tr>
                                          </tbody>
                                        </table>
                                      </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
                              </td>
                            </tr>
                          </tbody>
                        </table>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
                <!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]>
                        </td>
                        </tr>
                        </table>
                        <![endif]-->
                <!-- // END TEMPLATE --> </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </center>
      <center>
        <table id="canspamBarWrapper" style="background-color:
          #FFFFFF;border-top: 1px solid #E5E5E5;border-collapse:
          collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
          0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
          100%;" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td style="padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom:
                20px;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top"
                align="center">
                <table id="canspamBar" style="border-collapse:
                  collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
                  0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                  100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" cellspacing="0"
                  cellpadding="0" border="0">
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td style="color: #606060;font-family: Helvetica,
                        Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 11px;line-height:
                        150%;padding-right: 20px;padding-bottom:
                        5px;padding-left: 20px;text-align:
                        center;mso-line-height-rule:
                        exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                        100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
                        valign="top" align="center"><br>
                      </td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </center>
      <br>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>