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<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">Cuba, China, Latin America and US Hybrid War</h1></div>
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<p>By John Ross – Nov 26, 2021</p>
<p><strong>This analysis by John Ross of the Renmin University of China
looks at the long relationship between China and Cuba. He analyzes why
it is important to defeat the US attack on Cuba. </strong></p>
<p id="gmail-foreword-by-china-environment"><strong>Foreword by <em>China Environment</em> editors<br>
</strong>Cuba joined Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in 2019, hoping it
would assist in strengthening its troubled economy, which has been badly
hit by aggressive US sanctions for decades. China already become Cuba’s
main trading partner in 2017. In October this year (2021) Cuba
officially became a member of the <em><strong>Alliance for Energy of the Belt and Road Initiative</strong></em>,
a project to build an international energy mega-platform for
cooperation and exchange under the principle of shared profit. The
Alliance currently has 29 member countries.</p>
<p>John Ross’s article does not deal with the BRI or Cuba environmental
and energy cooperation with China. However, it provides a good
understanding of the broader geopolitical context in which this
cooperation is occurring, and is useful for those seeking to understand
the broader strategic and economic context Cuba-China cooperation and
friendship..</p>
<p id="gmail-supporting-cuba-crucial-for-latin-america-and-the-world"><strong>Supporting Cuba crucial for Latin America and the World<br>
</strong>The US in Latin America is at present once again seeing a
series of countries attempting to follow independent policies,
corresponding to their national interests, and some with a socialist
orientation, rather than subordinating themselves to the US. These
countries typically reject the current US cold war against China and
indeed seek win-win relations with China. The US is responding to this
trend by tightening its blockade of Cuba in an attempt to strangle that
country in the hope of provoking a “colour counter-revolution”. This
anti-Cuba US blockade is being carrying out in open defiance of an
overwhelming majority of world opinion, as shown in the recent vote in
the UN General Assembly of 184-2 against the US economic sanctions
against Cuba.</p>
<p>The US in Latin America is at present once again seeing a series of
countries attempting to follow independent policies, corresponding to
their national interests, and some with a socialist orientation, rather
than subordinating themselves to the US. These countries typically
reject the current US cold war against China and indeed seek win-win
relations with China. The US is responding to this trend by tightening
its blockade of Cuba in an attempt to strangle that country in the hope
of provoking a “colour counter-revolution”. This anti-Cuba US blockade
is being carrying out in open defiance of an overwhelming majority of
world opinion, as shown in the recent vote in the UN General Assembly of
184-2 against the US economic sanctions against Cuba.</p>
<p>If the US succeeds in this open defiance of world opinion on Cuba it
will be emboldened to strengthen its attack on every other country it
choses. The implications of this intensified US attempt to strangle Cuba
go far beyond that country. As will be seen it affects the entire Latin
American continent – and through that will have a significant effect on
the world geopolitical situation. This article therefore examines this
US offensive, the attempt to create a colour counter-revolution – and
why Cuba is key to the situation in Latin America.</p>
<a href="https://havana-live.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Download-2-2-1030x541.jpg"><img src="https://havana-live.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Download-2-2-1030x541.jpg" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="450" height="236"></a>One
of the new Chinese-built Cuban long-distance trains. The wagons were
designed in China and took into consideration suggestions made by Cuban
specialists. The upgraded track travels 835 km between Havana and
Santiago de Cuba, the second-largest city in Cuba. (Photo: Vicente Brito
/ Escambray).
<p id="gmail-the-new-situation-in-latin-america"><strong>The new situation in Latin America<br>
</strong>From the standpoint of US attempts to subordinate Latin America
countries to its interests’ recent events in that continent are
significantly disturbing.</p>
<p>• A pro-US coup d’etat in Bolivia in 2019, to remove President Evo
Morales, was defeated when in October 2020 Luis Arce, candidate of the
Movement Towards Socialism, won a crushing victory in the presidential
election. Bolivia’s new government has declared it will return to
cooperation with China, particularly in such strategic fields as lithium
production, and former President Morales spoke at the recent Summit of
the CPC and World Political Parties during the session at which Xi
Jinping was the first speaker.<br>
• Argentina is clearly seeking friendly relations with China – as shown
by its president Alberto Fernández also speaking at the recent Summit
of the CPC and World Political Parties, again in the session at which
the opening speech was given by Xi Jinping.<br>
• In the recent presidential election in Peru the candidate opposed by
the US, Pedro Castillo, was elected – defeating the attempt by US backed
forces to overturn the majority of the popular vote which was won by
Castillo.<br>
• Cuba’s president Miguel Díaz-Canel was another speaker in the session
with Xi Jinping at the recent summit of the CPC and World Political
Parties.</p>
<p><a href="https://orinocotribune.com/cuba-now-part-of-chinas-belt-and-road-energy-alliance/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RELATED CONTENT: Cuba Now Part of China’s Belt and Road Energy Alliance</a></p>
<p>Opinion polls in <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">Brazil</a> show
former President Lula with a crushing 26% lead, 49% to 23%, against the
present pro-US President Bolsonaro in voting intentions for the 2022
Presidential election. Both former President Lula and former President
Rousseff have recently made clear they would end Brazil’s support for
the US cold war against China and seek active re-engagement in BRICS.</p>
<p>In summary, public opinion in Latin America is shifting against the
US, in favour of national independence, and the policy by a number of
governments is also moving against the cold war with China. This has
implications which go even beyond Latin America, to affect the
geopolitical situation, through trade and investment, and due to the
votes of these countries in the United Nations and other international
bodies.</p>
<p id="gmail-the-sanctions-against-cuba"><strong>The sanctions against Cuba<br>
</strong>Faced with this increased trend of Latin America countries
pursuing more independent policies, and refusing to join the cold war
against China, the US has recently responded in a number of ways which
indicate its concern – such as sending the head of the CIA to Brazil to
discuss with that country’s government with the obvious intention of
trying to ensure that Lula does not win the forthcoming election. But a
central part of the US attempt to ensure Latin American countries remain
subordinated to it has been to intensify its sanctions against Cuba.</p>
<p>The Trump administration already tightened the sixty year-old US economic blockade of Cuba blockade by imposing <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">243 extra sanctions</a> –
all of which were retained in place by Biden. These intensified food,
medical and fuel shortages in Cuba even before the Covid pandemic
struck. Banks are increasingly refusing to transfer funds to Cuba for
fear of US fines, and it is now almost impossible for Cubans living
abroad to transfer money to their families on the island.</p>
<p>COVID-19 was a particularly serious blow to Cuba’s economy because
one of Cuba’s chief sources of foreign currency was from international
tourism – which was down 94 per cent in the first four months of 2021
due to the pandemic.</p>
<p>The US then responded to this situation by deliberately targeting
cutting off medical supplies to Cuba – preventing delivery of COVID-19
medical requirements such as ventilators, personal protection supplies,
and testing equipment. Despite having five home-grown vaccines, Cuba’s
vaccination roll-out programme is hindered by a lack of syringes and raw
materials as a direct result of the blockade.</p>
<p>As the well-known US magazine <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">The Nation</a> noted:
“Imagine a country developing and producing its own Covid-19 vaccines,
enough to cover its entire population, but being unable to inoculate
everyone because of a syringe shortage. This absurd situation is real…
Cuba has already vaccinated about 2 million of its 11 million people,
and hopes to have 70 percent of the population vaccinated by August.
Yet, because of the 60-year US embargo, which punishes civilians during a
pandemic, the country is facing a shortage of millions of syringes.</p>
<p>“It makes little sense that a country so advanced in biotech and
pharmaceuticals should have trouble sourcing syringes. This reality is a
consequence of what amounts to US economic warfare, which makes it
extremely difficult for Cuba to acquire medicine, equipment, and
supplies from vendors or transportation companies that do business in or
with the United States. Syringes are in short supply internationally,
so no company wants to be bogged down navigating the complicated banking
and licensing demands the US government places on transactions with
Cuba…</p>
<p>“Cuba’s achievements in health are a model and a demonstrable benefit
for the entire world—one that the United States should be supporting.
This is a country that is developing its economy through health and
education—a project that began 60 years ago with rural literacy and
health campaigns. Cuba’s public health system has allowed it to
outperform much of the world in terms of life expectancy, infant
mortality and, most recently, per capita pandemic statistics.</p>
<p>“On the first day of the new administration, President Biden issued a
national security directive calling for a review of the impact of
sanctions on the response to the pandemic, with an eye toward offering
relief. Hope for a sensible US policy toward Cuba was once again
kindled. Now, almost half a year into the Biden administration, the
Trump-era policies of “maximum pressure” remain in place. The White
House has made it clear that improving Cuba-US relations—and with them,
the daily lives of the Cuban people—is not a priority.”</p>
<p>Indeed, Cuba’s achievements in health are astonishing. Life
expectancy in Cuba, a developing country, at 78.80 years is actually
slightly higher than in the US. The US by attacking Cuba’s medical
supplies, faced with a pandemic, is literally aiming to kill Cuban
people. This illustrates clearly the falsity of the US claim to stand
for “human rights”.</p>
<p>This present US policy is entirely deliberate and follows from the
original US State Department memorandum on the blockade in 1960 which
stated: “The only foreseeable means of alienating internal support is
through disenchantment and disaffection based on economic
dissatisfaction and hardship… every possible means should be undertaken
promptly to weaken the economic life of Cuba… a line of action which,
while as adroit and inconspicuous as possible, makes the greatest
inroads in denying money and supplies to Cuba, to decrease monetary and
real wages, to bring about hunger, desperation and overthrow of
government.”</p>
<p>This is, of course, in line with the US formula for “colour
revolutions” and “hybrid warfare” which has been carried out against
numerous countries – and which is currently being employed against China
in Hong Kong and in attempts to economically destabilise Xinjiang
through sanctions.</p>
<p id="gmail-hybrid-war-and-colour-revolutions"><strong>“Hybrid war” and “colour revolutions”<br>
</strong>Another side of this hybrid war, the attempt to create a colour
revolution, is the spending by the US of hundreds of millions of
dollars a year on so-called “democracy promotion” on Cuba, via
organisations such as the National Endowment for Democracy – which funds
groups and individuals who work undercover attempting to build
US-supported opposition. Once again China is familiar with such methods
from events in Hong Kong.</p>
<p>While the overwhelming majority of the Cuban people have not gone
along with these attempts at hybrid war there are of course, as there
were in Hong Kong, certain minority politically backward groups, and
those who has simply been bought by the US, who have attempted to stage
protests. Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel for example <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">referred</a> to:
“In a very cowardly, subtle and opportunistic and perverse way, from
the most complicated situations that we have had in provinces such as
Matanzas and Ciego de Ávila, those who have always approved the blockade
and who serve as mercenaries of the Yankee blockade on the streets,
begin to appear with doctrines of humanitarian aid and a ‘humanitarian
corridor.’ We all know where they come from.”</p>
<p>The US intensification of sanctions, together with the strain on the
medical system created by COVID19, is leading to fuel shortages and
power cuts, which in the height of summer means that air conditioning
and fridges don’t work. The shortages create queues for medicines and
basic goods which led to protests which were then exploited by pro-US
elements. This, again, is the same pattern as in Hong Kong – where
protests about legitimate issues, such as the high price of housing,
were exploited by separatists who as usual falsely presented themselves
under the banner of “democracy” and “human rights”.</p>
<p>Similarly, as also with Hong Kong, the US verbally declares its
support for the “Cuban people” – as it does with the Chinese people. But
in reality, by cutting off medical supplies and other goods the US is
trying to impose hardship on the Cuban people. If those in the US
administration proclaiming their support for “humanitarian aid” to Cuba
were genuine in their intentions they would start with calling for the
US blockade to be lifted to allow medical and other supplies to be sent
to Cuba. However, of course the true objectives of the blockade are
precisely to inflict suffering on the Cuban people.</p>
<p>But why is the US attempting to use so much pressure to try to damage
Cuba? After all Cuba is a small country with a population of only 11
million – significantly smaller than the state of New York! To
understand the reasons, it is necessary to consider the historical
relation of the US and Latin America and the key role played by Cuba in
this.</p>
<p id="gmail-latin-america-and-the-us"><strong>Latin America and the US<br>
</strong>One of the very earliest and most fundamental steps in US
policy to expand its international power came following the successful
wars of national liberation by all Spain’s former colonies in Latin
American, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, during the first quarter of
the 19th century. The US directly intervened into this process of the
attempt of Latin America to achieve national independence by declaring
the “Monroe Doctrine” in 1823. Formally this declared that any
intervention in the politics of the Western hemisphere by foreign powers
would be considered a potentially hostile act against the United
States. But the factual content of this doctrine was that the US claimed
Latin America as its “backyard” – in which it, as an emerging great
power, would control the countries of Latin America. This began the long
record of US invasions, US supported coup d’etats, US supported
dictatorships, and other interventions in that continent. Latin American
countries which the US has either directly invaded, or in which it
supported coup d’etats or dictatorships, include Argentina, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela.</p>
<p>There were, of course, attempts by the Latin American peoples to
resist this long record of US dominance. These, in some cases, took the
form of armed struggle – as by Augusto Sandino in Nicaragua in 1927-34,
or the Communist Farabundo Martí in El Salvador in 1932. In other cases,
there were nationalist bourgeois regimes – such as that of Getúlio
Vargas in Brazil or Juan Peron in Argentina. But despite these periodic
challenges to its supremacy the US always succeeded in regaining control
of the situation.</p>
<p>Then during the Cold War with the USSR this control by the US of its
Latin American “backyard” was formalised in the creation in April 1948
of the Organization of American States (OAS). The member states of the
OAS pledged to fight communism on the American continent.</p>
<p id="gmail-the-cuban-revolution"><strong>The Cuban revolution<br>
</strong>The Cuban revolution of 1959, led by Fidel Castro, was
therefore a stunning blow to the US. Not merely was socialism
established in a state in the Western hemisphere, but the revolution
proved popular and capable of fighting off all attempts by the US over
six decades to overthrow it – most spectacularly in the defeat of the US
backed attempted invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961.</p>
<p>The Cuban leadership also proved itself highly skilful in a wide
field of international relations. On the one hand Cuba acquired enormous
prestige in Africa among progressive forces through its intervention to
ensure the military defeat of international military aggression by the
racist South African army in the late 1980s – Nelson Mandela referred to
Fidel Castro as “a source of inspiration to all freedom-loving people.”
But at the same time Cuba was able to maintain friendly relations with
right wing governed countries such as Spain, Britain and Mexico. This
skill in wide ranging diplomacy was seen again recently in the 184-2
vote in the United Nations against the US economic blockade of Cuba.</p>
<p>But, of course, Cuba had particularly close relations with its own
continent of Latin America. It is no exaggeration to say that virtually
without exception every progressive leader in Latin America, whether
simply seeking national independence or socialism, was an admirer of
Fidel Castro. Within Latin America for progressive forces Fidel Castro
had an prestige comparable to Mao Zedong in China. This extended beyond
merely political figures to cultural and sporting icons – Gabriel García
Márquez, widely considered the greatest Latin American literary figure
of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, was a friend of Castro while the famous Argentinian footballer Diego Maradona had a tattoo of Fidel Castro on his leg!</p>
<p>But, in addition to the immense authority gained by Fidel Castro
through leadership of the Cuban revolution in 1959, he also took a step
which none of the other leaders of progressive parties in Latin America
did. After the 1959 revolution he created a real Marxist-Leninist
Communist Party. It was the solidity of this organisation, and the
leadership that it could give in numerous areas of society and politics,
that explained the success of Cuba in resisting decades of US
aggression and in developing the political line<br>
which brought Cuba such widespread international recognition.</p>
<p id="gmail-xi-jinping-on-fidel-castro"><strong>Xi Jinping on Fidel Castro<br>
</strong>These achievements of the Cuban revolution and Fidel Castro
were fully understood by China and its leadership. Xi Jinping took the
exceptional step of visiting the Cuban embassy in Beijing to formally
express condolences on Fidel Castro’s death. It is simply necessary to
note the full statement made by Xi Jinping on the death of Fidel Castro:</p>
<p>“Distressed to learn of the passing away of Cuban revolutionary
leader Fidel Castro, I, in the name of the Communist Party of China, the
Chinese government and people and in my own name, express my deepest
condolences to you and through you to the Communist Party of Cuba, the
Cuban government and people, and my sincerest sympathy to Fidel Castro’s
family.</p>
<p>“Fidel Castro, founder of the Communist Party of Cuba and Cuba’s
socialist cause, is a great leader of the Cuban people. He has devoted
all his life to the Cuban people’s great cause of struggle for national
liberation, safeguarding state sovereignty and building socialism.</p>
<p>“He has made immortal historic contributions to the Cuban people and
to world socialist development. Comrade Fidel Castro is a great figure
of our times and will be remembered by history and people.</p>
<p>“I met with Comrade Fidel Castro many times and held in-depth
conversations with him. His real knowledge and deep insight inspired me
as his voice and expression live in my memory. Both I and the Chinese
people miss him deeply.</p>
<p>“Comrade Fidel Castro, who dedicated his life to the friendship
between China and Cuba, paid close attention to and spoke highly of
China’s development.</p>
<p>“As a result of his care and support, Cuba became the first Latin
American country to establish diplomatic ties with China in 1960. Since
then, the two countries have witnessed the profound development of
bilateral ties, fruitful results of cooperation in a wide range of areas
and deepening friendship between the two peoples, thanks to Comrade
Fidel Castro’s solicitude and painstaking efforts.</p>
<p>“The death of Comrade Fidel Castro is a great loss to the Cuban and
Latin American people. The Cuban and Latin American people lost an
excellent son, and the Chinese people lost a close comrade and sincere
friend. His glorious image and great achievements will go down in
history.</p>
<p>“I believe that under the strong leadership of Comrade Raul Castro,
the Communist Party of Cuba, the Cuban government and its people will
carry on the unfinished lifework of Comrade Fidel Castro, turn sorrow
into strength and keep making new achievements in the cause of socialist
construction.</p>
<p>“The friendship between two parties, the two countries and the two
peoples will definitely be consolidated and further developed.</p>
<p>“The great Comrade Fidel Castro will be remembered forever.”</p>
<p id="gmail-fidel-castro-on-china"><strong>Fidel Castro on China<br>
</strong>Fidel Castro in turn expressed his great admiration for China.
This is what he said:“If you want to talk about socialism, let us not
forget what socialism achieved in China. At one time it was the land of
hunger, poverty, disasters. Today there is none of that… China is a
socialist country… And they insist that they have introduced all the
necessary reforms in order to motivate national development and to
continue seeking the objectives of socialism.”</p>
<p>“The Chinese process counted… with the contributions of great and
brilliant political thinkers, who continued to develop and enrich the
doctrines of socialism.</p>
<p>“China has objectively become the most promising hope and the best example for all Third World countries.”</p>
<p>Regarding Xi Jinping Fidel Castro stated: “Xi Jinping is one of the
strongest and most capable revolutionary leaders I have met in my life.”</p>
<p id="gmail-attack-on-cuba"><strong>Attack on Cuba</strong><br>
>From these facts it can be easily seen why the US is concentrating its
attacks on Cuba and why the outcome of these attacks affects not only
just Cuba itself. Cuba has the strongest Communist Party in Latin
America. Its leadership has state power. It is the centre of the network
of forces fighting for national liberation and socialism in Latin
America. If the US can succeed through its hybrid war in carrying out a
colour revolution in Cuba it will break up the central element of
progressive forces in Latin America. That in turn will have far wider
geopolitical consequences.</p>
<p>If Latin America can be returned to full control of the US the
movement of developing countries, the Global South, will be weakened and
broken up. This will be used by the US to weaken the position of China –
as, after China’s own development, the Global South is the strongest
force opposing the US cold war against China. In addition to other
aspects this will be seen every directly at the UN – Cuba, for example,
took the <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">lead</a> on an international statement at the UN of countries supporting China on Xinjiang.</p>
<p>At the UN China regularly gains more votes than the US when the
latter launches attacks on China – this was shown recently in votes on
both Hong Kong and Xinjiang. If the US were to against reduce Latin
America to its “backyard” this would be a major step towards its goal of
regaining control of the UN.</p>
<p>The consequences of Cuba being central to the network of countries in
Latin America supporting national independence and good relations with
China can be seen not only in the overwhelming majority vote in the UN
against the US embargo on Cuba but also in the statements by Latin
American leaders against US actions against Cuba and calling for trade
restrictions to be lifted. These countries strongly overlap with those
countries in Latin America which have good relations with China – some
of which were referred to at the beginning of this article.</p>
<p>Therefore allies of the US, such as the present right-wing government of Peru, <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">Brazil</a>,
and Chile, immediately issued statements supporting protests in Cuba
that were intended as an attempt to lead up to a colour revolution in
Cuba – Brazil was also one of only three countries at the UN to abstain
on the resolution against the US trade embargo against Cuba. Supporters
of an independent path of development in Latin America, such as former
president Evo Morales and President of <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">Mexico</a> Andres
Manuel Lopez Obrador, on the contrary rightly pointed out that it was
the US embargo which was preventing Cuba from getting the necessary
medical and other supplies – and this was being carried out against the
wishes of the overwhelming majority of countries.</p>
<p>Evo Morales, for example stated, on the situation in <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">Cuba</a>:
“Our solidarity is with the brother Cuban people. The real fight for
freedom in Cuba is to end the criminal blockade of more than 60 years.
Its ‘sin’ was to create a vaccine with more than 92% effectiveness that
affected capitalist interests. Cuba will defeat interventionism.”</p>
<p>In Brazil, the largest Latin American country, there was an open
clash about the situation of Cuba between Bolsonaro, who supported the
pro-colour revolution forces, and the Workers Party (PT). This exactly
paralleled their international orientations – with the pro-US policies
of Bolsonaro and stress on independence and good relations with China by
the PT.</p>
<p>Thus <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">Dilma Rousseff</a>,
the former president of Brazil, who had been a strong supporter of
BRICS (the Brazil, India, China and South Africa group of countries),
and recently spoke a New Cold War conference in Brazil opposing a US
cold war with China, declared: “60 years of economic and financial
blockade of Cuba by the United States are subjecting the Cuban people to
enormous sacrifices, which have become even more accentuated since the
beginning of the Covid19 pandemic. The American blockade, which has
already been condemned 29 times by the UN, imposes very serious
deprivation on a small country that has been an example of solidarity,
sending doctors around the world to help fight the health crisis. While
Cuba offers humanity health professionals, it receives, in exchange,
from the USA, in the midst of a pandemic, a cowardly embargo, which is
repudiated by almost all countries in the world. I express my support to
the Cuban people and to [Cuban] President Miguel Diaz-Canel.”</p>
<p>The <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">Workers Party</a> of
Brazil issued a formal declaration: “The Workers’ Party (PT) expresses
its unconditional support and solidarity to the people and government of
the sister Republic of Cuba, which for six decades have been victims of
a blockade by the United States of America (USA), damaging trade and
diplomatic relations the country with the rest of the world.</p>
<p>“On June 23, the PT expressed its opinion on the vote by the member
countries of the United Nations (UN) regarding the blockade, which was
condemned by an overwhelming majority with 184 votes, with only two
votes in defense of the blockade (USA and Israel) and three abstentions
(Brazil, Colombia and Ukraine). This UN position is the same since the
issue was first voted on.</p>
<p>“The Cuban people are the main victims of this long and criminal
blockade, being excluded from regular conditions for a dignified life,
which could be achieved in a situation of normality.</p>
<p>“Combined with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, the
country had difficult access to food, sanitary material and financial
resources at a time of extreme need. In addition, the pandemic led to
the worsening of the domestic economic situation, as a result of a
drastic drop in earnings from tourism, one of the main sources of income
in the country.</p>
<p>“Against all these adversities, Cuba managed to develop a vaccine
against SARS-CoV-2, using its own technology, being in an advanced stage
of internal vaccination and have even been able to export doses to
other countries.</p>
<p>“Based on the above, the PT condemns those who – like the US
government – speak of ‘humanitarian aid’ while maintaining the
blockade and approving financial resources for opposition groups.</p>
<p>“The PT reaffirms its unrestricted condemnation of the blockade and
demands its immediate lifting for humanitarian reasons, respect for
international law and the inalienable right of peoples for their
sovereignty and self-determination.”</p>
<p>China has, of course, taken the same position on Cuba’s national
independence as progressive forces in Latin America. China’s Embassy in
Cuba repeated a Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson’s <a href="https://china-environment-news.com/2021/11/26/cuba-china-latin-america-and-us-hybrid-war/blank">declaration</a>:
“”China firmly opposes interference of external forces in internal
affairs of Cuba, firmly supports Cuban side versus the COVID-19
pandemic, in improving quality of life of the population &
maintaining stability.” China’s spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs Zhao Lijian declared: “China urges the United States to
immediately and completely lift the economic, commercial and financial
embargo against Cuba. This is the universal call of the international
community.”</p>
<p>The very large scale of the stakes in this struggle around Cuba, both
for Latin America and internationally, are therefore clear. In words
the US claims it stands for an international “rules-based order” but in
fact the issue of the blockade of Cuba shows clearly the US is
attempting to unilaterally impose its international policies against the
overwhelming majority of the world’s countries. If the US is successful
in its attack on Cuba, by use of a hybrid war, it will intensify such
attacks in many other places.</p>
<p id="gmail-the-consequences-if-the-us-is-successful-in-its-hybrid-war"><strong>The consequences if the US is successful in its hybrid war<br>
</strong>It is therefore clear that the consequences of the present US
attack on Cuba go far beyond that country. It the present US economic
and medical attack on Cuba were successful in producing a “colour
revolution”:</p>
<p>• It would remove the strongest and most prestigious force fighting for national independence in Latin America.<br>
• It would greatly aid the US in breaking up the network of countries
seeking to pursue a path of national independence in Latin America.<br>
• By weakening the Global South, it would strengthen the US geopolitical position against China.<br>
• It would convince the US that its unilateral actions can overrule the
international community even when the US is in a tiny minority –
thereby encouraging increasingly aggressive US actions.<br>
• International experience confirms that when the US feels strong it is
more aggressive and when it suffers setbacks it is more “peace loving”.
Thus, for example, when the US felt weak because it was losing the war
in Vietnam it launched détente, including with China, and restrained for
a period from aggressive international military operations. And when
the US felt weaker because it had suffered the international financial
crisis it stressed international economic cooperation including with
China. However, when the US felt it had recovered from its defeat in
Vietnam, and was faced with the weak policies of Gorbachev, it launched a
new military build-up and internationally aggressive policies, while
when it felt stronger because it had recovered from the international
financial crisis it launched trade aggression and the new cold war
against China. Success by the US against Cuba, by strengthening the US
would, therefore, be followed by new aggressive behaviour by the US.</p>
<p>Therefore, the outcome of the US hybrid war against Cuba would have
profound negative implications in Latin America and internationally.</p>
<p id="gmail-in-conclusion"><strong>In conclusion</strong><br>
The present situation means the world faces a major geopolitical choice –
which involves either a major win-win or a major lose-lose for numerous
countries. The US faces a situation in Latin America of the rise of
countries and movements which are pushing for nationally independent
paths of development. To pursue this these countries break from US cold
war policies against China and pursue win-win relations with China. For
historical reasons in Latin America, Cuba is at the centre of these
developments. Therefore, the US is attempting to concentrate its
strength against this small country – knowing that if it can defeat it,
the US will impose a huge defeat on the movement for national
independence and socialism in Latin America. The US, while proclaiming
its support for “human rights” and a “rules based international order”,
is in reality trying to impose the maximum suffering on Cuba in a
unilateral way in total defiance of the overwhelming majority of
international opinion.</p>
<p><a href="https://orinocotribune.com/cuba-china-latin-america-and-the-world/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">RELATED CONTENT: Cuba, China, Latin America and the World</a></p>
<p>The US in making this attack is gambling on the rest of the world
giving in to its unilateral blackmail. Because while the downside
consequences of a defeat of Cuba would be extremely large and negative
for the cause of national independence, and for China, precisely because
Cuba is a small country the assistance it requires to achieve decisive
help in defeating this US aggression is very small in international
terms. Some of Cuba’s needs, indeed, are ridiculously small – for
example Cuba can produce its own COVID19 vaccines and simply needs
syringes to administer them. Even voluntary help can be useful. For
example, the US peace organisation Codepink has exploited opposition,
even within the US, to attempts to prevent sending syringes to Cuba to
gain the legal right to send them. It noted its aim was to: “raise
$100,000 to send syringes to Cuba!… We are very excited that our friends
at Global Health Partners have just received a Commerce Department
license to send syringes to Cuba. Together with the Saving Lives
Campaign, The People’s Forum and others, we are trying to quickly raise
$100,000 to send about 3 million syringes. When we raise more than that,
we will help Cuba with other health-related needs!”</p>
<p>Cuba only needs around 30 million syringes to vaccinate its entire
population – that is a million dollars. This is a tiny sum for the
countries, either together or even individually, which oppose the
blockade of Cuba. The resources needed to deal with other difficulties
in Cuba, such as ventilators, fuel supplies, food supplies, or even the
size of its international debt, are tiny compared to the resources of
countries that are against the blockade. The US aims to demonstrate that
although it knows an overwhelming majority of countries in the world
could meet the needs of such a small country as Cuba it intends to try
to intimidate them into not doing so. If it does so successfully then it
will be even more aggressive towards other countries.</p>
<p>For 62 years Cuba has given its support to the world in numerous
ways. Prior to Covid19 and the tightening of US sanctions it had been
rebuilding its economy – aided by international tourism and
international medical services it could supply. But now it needs support
from the world. But this is a win-win. Because it is a small country
with a huge international impact the resources Cuba needs to most
successfully aid it through the present problems created by the US
blockade are tiny compared to the enormous benefits Cuba delivers to
those countries opposing US aggression and cold war politics. Defeat of
Cuba, that is success of the US in its hybrid war, would be a huge step
forward for the US in its fight against national independence in Latin
America and throughout the world, and in the fight against the new cold
war against China.</p>
<p>It is for this reason that the situation in Cuba is today the key to
the situation in Latin America and is of crucial importance throughout
the world.</p>
<p><em> John Ross is a senior fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies, Renmin University of China.</em></p>
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