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href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-rights-of-farmers-everywhere-/lxngfs/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                          target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><b>The
                            Indian Farmers Defend the Rights of Farmers
                            Everywhere</b></a></td>
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                        valign="top"><b>By Vijay Prashad</b>
                        <div>
                          <br>
                          On November 19, 2021, India’s Prime Minister
                          Narendra Modi <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/s-pms-address-to-the-nation-9-/lxngfv/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>, “[W]e have
                          decided to repeal all three agricultural
                          laws.” The prime minister was referring to the
                          three agriculture laws that were <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/spite-a-massive-grain-surplus-/lxngfx/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">rushed</a> through
                          the parliament in 2020. During his speech to
                          announce the rollback, Modi told the farmers
                          that they “should return to [their] homes,
                          fields and to [their] families. Let’s make a
                          fresh start.” At no point did Modi admit that
                          his government had passed laws that would
                          negatively impact the farmers, who have spent
                          a year protesting the laws thrust upon them.<br>
                          <br>
                          It seems likely that Modi will not give up on
                          his policies to <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/spite-a-massive-grain-surplus-/lxngfx/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">privatize agriculture</a>,
                          but rather will return to them with different
                          packaging. “Our government has been working in
                          the interest of the farmers and will continue
                          to do so,” he insisted.<br>
                          <br>
                          <b>Jubilation at the Victory</b><br>
                          <br>
                          The idea that Modi’s BJP-led government had
                          been “working in the interest of the farmers”
                          was not apparent to the protesting farmers. To
                          gauge the sentiment of the farmers and their
                          organizations, I interviewed Dr. Ashok
                          Dhawale, the national president of the All
                          India Kisan Sabha—one of the key farmers’
                          associations—and a leader of the Samyukta
                          Kisan Morcha (SKM)—a United Farmers’ Front.
                          Dhawale told me that Modi’s promise to repeal
                          the three farm laws “is a classic case of too
                          little, too late.” It is “too little” because
                          Modi only accepted one of the farmers’ demands
                          (repealing the laws) and not the slate of
                          other demands, which included the creation of
                          a robust <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/definition-article24370556-ece/lxngfz/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">minimum support price</a>
                          (MSP) structure; it is “too late”
                          because during this year-long protest, 700
                          farmers have <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/m-laws-repeal-farmers-reaction/lxngg2/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">lost their lives</a>
                          due to the privations of the protest and
                          government repression.<br>
                          <br>
                          “This is only the second time in the last
                          seven years of his rule that Modi has been
                          forced to make a humiliating climbdown,”
                          Dhawale told me. “The first was in 2015, when
                          he was <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-rollback-101637301606697-html/lxngg4/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">forced</a> to take
                          back the Land Acquisition Act [of 2013], again
                          as a result of a countrywide farmers’
                          struggle.” Since Modi came to power in 2014,
                          he has pushed an <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/dossier-41-india-agriculture-/lxngg6/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">agenda</a> to deliver
                          Indian agriculture to the large <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/spite-a-massive-grain-surplus-/lxngfx/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">corporate houses</a>.
                          But the farmers fought him then and continue
                          to fight him now.<br>
                          <br>
                          The farmers <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/kri-just-suspicion-and-silence/lxngg8/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">have not left</a>
                          their protest encampment despite Modi’s <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/s-pms-address-to-the-nation-9-/lxngfv/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">statement</a> on
                          November 19. “They will stay put until these
                          hated farm laws are actually repealed by [the]
                          parliament,” Dhawale told me. “And also, until
                          their other demands are… [met]. All over the
                          country, there is jubilation that one part of
                          the battle has been won. But there is also [a]
                          determination to see that the other just
                          demands of this struggle are conceded.”<br>
                          <br>
                          <b>Why Modi Surrendered</b><br>
                          <br>
                          Dhawale said that there are several reasons
                          why Modi decided to repeal the three farm
                          laws. The first has to do with the <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ults-contemplate-action-333834/lxnggb/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">upcoming</a> regional
                          elections in the three key states that border
                          India’s capital, Delhi (Punjab, Uttarakhand,
                          and Uttar Pradesh). In recent months, the BJP
                          saw its supporters dwindle in number during
                          the by-elections that took place in the Indian
                          states of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and
                          Rajasthan—in which the BJP did <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ws-yechury-121112401262-1-html/lxnggd/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">not</a> perform well.
                          These six states in northern India where
                          elections have either taken place or are
                          scheduled to take place are in close proximity
                          to Delhi and are the states from
                          where many of the farmers joined the protests,
                          which took place at Delhi’s border. If the
                          protests had continued, the leaders in the BJP
                          felt that the party would see major attrition
                          not only among the farmers and working class
                          but also among sections of the middle class in
                          India.<br>
                          <br>
                          Nothing is more important to focus on, Dhawale
                          said, than the actual struggle and
                          determination of the farmers. On September 5,
                          for instance, the farmers organized a <em>Kisan
                            Mahapanchayat</em> (a mass meeting of
                          farmers), which was <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/nagar-for-mahapanchayat-307045/lxnggg/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">called</a> by the SKM
                          and saw a huge turnout. The tone of the
                          meeting was fierce, with the farmers clear
                          that they were not only fighting against these
                          three laws but also against the entire
                          approach of the BJP government. The tenor of
                          the protest was to fight for a secular and
                          socialist India, a vision diametrically
                          opposed to the political ideology of Modi’s
                          far-right Bharatiya Janata Party known as <em>Hindutva</em>.<br>
                          <br>
                          The tempo of the struggle began to increase
                          through September. On September 27, the SKM
                          called for a <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/he-country-article36695436-ece/lxnggj/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">general strike</a>
                          across India (<em>Bharat Bandh</em>), which
                          was the third such strike during this
                          year-long protest by the farmers. It was “the
                          most successful of the three,” Dhawale said,
                          with millions of people joining the struggle.
                          A month later, on October 18, the farmers <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/-50-trains-article37050905-ece/lxnggl/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">blocked</a> train
                          tracks (<em>Rail Roko</em>) across the country
                          against the BJP government, which had tried
                          unsuccessfully to use <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/cs-of-hate-article35027338-ece/lxnggn/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">religious differences</a>
                          to divide the farmers.<br>
                          <br>
                          Despite Modi’s announcement to roll back the
                          farm laws, tens of thousands of farmers
                          planned to <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/o-mark-one-year-of-stir-341601/lxnggq/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">gather</a> at Delhi’s
                          borders on November 26, the first anniversary
                          of the farmers’ revolt, with others protesting
                          in solidarity around the country. To build
                          toward this, on November 22, after Modi’s
                          surrender, leaders from the farmers’
                          organizations <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/er-22-mahapanchayat-in-lucknow/lxnggs/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">met</a> at a large <em>Kisan
                            Mahapanchayat</em> in Lucknow (the capital
                          of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh) to
                          pledge to continue the struggle. “The mood of
                          victory and determination was infectious,”
                          Dhawale told me.<br>
                          <br>
                          <b>Unsettled Issues</b><br>
                          <br>
                          Between 1995 and 2018, 400,000 Indian farmers
                          have <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/ndia-between-1995-and-2018-why/lxnggv/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">committed</a>
                          suicide, 100,000 since Modi took office in
                          2014, Dhawale said. Their deaths are directly
                          linked to the agrarian crisis in India
                          produced by a combination of the withdrawal of
                          state regulation and intervention on behalf of
                          the farmers and the impact of the climate
                          catastrophe.<br>
                          <br>
                          In 2004, the Indian government asked the
                          eminent scientist M.S. Swaminathan to lead the
                          National Commission on Farmers. By 2006, the
                          commission produced five landmark <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/by-the-swaminathan-commission-/lxnggx/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">reports</a> with a
                          long list of important recommendations. Almost
                          none of the substantial recommendations have
                          been adopted by the successive governments.
                          One of the recommendations was to increase and
                          strengthen the MSP for farmers. Window
                          dressing by governments has not improved the
                          situation for the farmers; a recent <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/sReleasePage-aspx-PRID-1753856/lxnggz/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">survey</a> shows that
                          the farmers’ incomes have declined.<br>
                          <br>
                          Farmers know what they want, and they have
                          said so clearly: price supports, loan waivers,
                          withdrawal of electricity price hikes, repeal
                          of the labor codes, subsidized costs of fuel,
                          and so on. These issues, Dhawale said, “are at
                          the root of the agrarian crisis and massive
                          peasant indebtedness. They lead to farmer
                          suicides and to distress sales of farmlands.”<br>
                          <br>
                          “If farmers are to grow our food and farmers
                          are to eat, then the demands of the farmers
                          must be met,” Dhawale said. This is not just a
                          cry for Indian farmers. The farmers in India
                          continue to fight in a struggle they share
                          with farmers everywhere throughout the world.<br>
                          <br>
                          <em><b>Vijay Prashad</b> is an Indian
                            historian, editor and journalist. He is a
                            writing fellow and chief correspondent at <a
href="https://go.ind.media/e/546932/2021-11-29/lxngh2/954001203?h=zMTG1GCm8EwVJ1oLI3i9M3iEifm3WqtU49REh-RCs8w"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">Globetrotter</a>.
                            He is the chief editor of <a
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