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America's real longest war was the conflict against Indigenous Americans
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<div class="gmail-credits gmail-reader-credits">Red Lake Nation News - September 1, 2021<br></div>
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<div class="gmail-moz-reader-content gmail-reader-show-element"><div id="gmail-readability-page-1" class="gmail-page"><div><p>The
global war on terror isn't ending, nor was it as long as the American
Indian Wars. I take issue with the characterization that the war in
Afghanistan is America's longest war. America's real longest war was the
conflict against Indigenous Americans, called the American Indian Wars,
which most historians characterize as beginning in 1609 and ending in
1924 or 313 years, mainly over land control.</p><p>The colonization of
America by English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Swedish was resisted by
some Indian tribes and assisted by other tribes. </p><p>But European
settlers came in conflict with First Nation people from the moment they
set foot on the shores of North America. From Columbus in the Caribbean
to the conquistadors in Central and South America, European nations and
First Nation tribes were at odds from the very beginning. From 1492 to
1924 equals 432 years of conflict.</p><p>The newly declared United
States of America wasted no time in antagonizing the native population.
They came into immediate conflict with the natives starting as early as
1775. </p><p>The American Indian Wars are the United States' most
protracted conflict to date stretching from 1775, at the beginning of
the American Revolution, all the way until 1924. These conflicts
occurred alongside and during all of America's largest wars, including
the Revolution, the War of 1812, the Civil War, and World War I. The
conflicts lasted a year shy of 150 years and were almost constant for
most of the 19th century. These wars are still the most understudied and
underappreciated period of American history. </p><p>Pick your starting date, no matter.</p><p>Some
might be surprised to learn one of the last battles twixt US soldiers
and Indigenous Peoples took place right here in Northern Minnesota known
as the Battle of Sugar Point on the Leech Lake Reservation on January
9, 1918. The Apache Wars ended in 1924 and brought the American Indian
Wars to a close. </p><p>The number of Indians dropped from an estimated
10 million, (just in what is now the US) to below half a million in the
19th century because of infectious diseases, conflict with Europeans,
wars between tribes, assimilation, migration to Canada and Mexico, and
declining birth rates.</p><p>in 1871, Congress ended formal
treaty-making with Indians, obliterating a nearly 100-year-old
diplomatic tradition in which the United States recognized tribes as
nations.</p><p><a href="https://www.redlakenationnews.com/photos/big/100488/13"><img src="https://www.redlakenationnews.com/home/cms_data/dfault/photos/stories/id/8/8/100488/.TEMP/s_bottomTEMP425x425-6115.jpeg" alt="" width="425" height="307"></a></p><p>Although
Congress agreed to honor the approximately 368 Indian treaties that had
been ratified from 1778 to 1868, Congress stated unequivocally that
"henceforth, no Indian nation or tribe . . . shall be acknowledged or
recognized as an independent nation, tribe or power with whom the United
States may contract by treaty...."</p><p>Legal historians have tended
to downplay the significance of the 1871 treaty-making prohibition,
arguing that prior Indian treaties remained in force, that the
treaty-making system was merely replaced by bilateral agreements
approved by both houses of Congress, and that the independent political
status of tribal nations remained largely unimpaired.</p></div></div></div>
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