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<a class="gmail-domain gmail-reader-domain" href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/15268">venezuelanalysis.com</a>
<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">In the Shadow of the Blockade: Stories of Resistance from El Maizal Commune (Part I)</h1>
<div class="gmail-credits gmail-reader-credits">By Cira Pascual Marquina and Chris Gilbert – July 23, 2021</div></div>
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<div class="gmail-moz-reader-content gmail-reader-show-element"><div id="gmail-readability-page-1" class="gmail-page"><div><p><em>El
Maizal Commune lies in the fertile lands between the Lara and
Portuguesa states in western Venezuela. Founded in 2009, this rural
commune has since become an important political and economic force in
both the region and the country. It not only produces huge amounts of
corn every year, but also raises cattle and pigs, along with a growing
number of additional side enterprises. Most importantly, El Maizal
Commune forges new social relations and new human beings: people
committed to the socialist project that Chávez promoted during his
lifetime. </em></p>
<p><em>This summer, we took the challenge to leave Caracas – where a
pragmatic capitalist restoration is generally seen as the best way to
respond to the economic crisis and sanctions – with a view to
discovering how Venezuela’s most successful commune confronts the
current multi-crisis. We embarked on the difficult journey (gasoline
shortages have turned what should be a five-hour trip into a day-long
odyssey) to talk to El Maizal’s seasoned communards about how they see
the country's situation, the solutions they have learned through
experience, and the future they project for the besieged country.</em></p>
<p><em>In the first of this three-part series, we listen to El Maizal’s
communards explain the principal effects of the sanctions and the ways
in which this flagship organization works to maintain Chávez’s communal
path towards socialism.</em></p>
<h2>The Impact of Sanctions on El Maizal Commune</h2>
<p><em>The US-imposed financial </em><a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/tag/sanctions"><em>sanctions</em></a><em>
on Venezuela in 2017 and a 2019 oil embargo had a devastating impact on
Venezuelan society. A group of communards from El Maizal laid out the
effects of this blockade on their production.</em></p>
<p><strong>Ángel Prado: </strong>Back around 2015 and 2016, when
resources became scarce and speculation with food and currency
devaluation began, we were concerned that our project could disappear
because the psychological impact on people was huge. It was felt not
only in the city but also in the rural areas. Public banks used to
finance farm projects in Venezuela to buy inputs. Those years were very
difficult, even demoralizing!</p>
<p>The sanctions have severely affected the commune’s production and also the life of the <em>pueblo</em>. Imperialism finished off Iraq and Libya, and they are trying to do the same with us. Sanctions amount to a declaration of war.</p>
<p>In desperation, some people here gave up the struggle. Some went to
work in the private sector, while others sold all they had and simply
left the country. The crisis and the sanctions were a harsh blow, which
struck deeply into people’s subjectivity, into their very spirit.</p>
<p>But Chávez taught us about dignity, about popular participation and
popular power, along with participation in elections. Here in El Maizal
we were able to maintain our project. We did so with an active and
combative spirit, despite the disappearance of things necessary for our
production processes, including diesel, gasoline, spare parts, and
seeds.</p>
<p>The blockade and the sanctions have affected Venezuela’s rural areas
in a powerful way. Here the problem is not so much about lack of food,
but rather machinery and agricultural inputs. (After all, there is not a
single person in these villages who does not have a tomato plant in
their garden.) However, the lack of inputs affects us a great deal.</p>
<p>People here understood that if they did not produce food, they were
going to die of starvation. Yet the lack of inputs generated widespread
concern and many problems. Nevertheless, the dynamism of this community,
of this commune, meant that the population here did not just spend its
days looking at social media and complaining about how the blockade
would kill us, how there were no seeds, etc.</p>
<p>To avoid demoralization, we encouraged participation in different
areas: occupying land; election processes; productive, cultural, and
educational work; establishing links with other communes; and so on.</p>
<p>All of this helped us avoid demoralization, which is what was
experienced by those people who don't even want to be in their country,
who do not even want to struggle. I think that one of the things our
enemy most wants is to demoralize people and take away their desire to
struggle. Our attitude, our willingness to struggle – rather than wait
around for a miracle to occur – led us to hook up with many other
people, and in turn, people began to pay attention to us.</p>
<p>In short, the sanctions have affected El Maizal Commune’s production a great deal, and also the life of the <em>pueblo </em>here.
We have had big losses in production, together with human losses. For
example, if a person has kidney problems or cancer, they may not be able
to get chemotherapy or radiotherapy and someone will have to go to
Colombia to get it. Perhaps they will have to sell their home, and when
they get back, the family member might well have died. These are not
just material losses, but also human ones.</p>
<p><strong>Yohander Pineda:</strong> Regarding the communes, Chávez said
that building them would not be easy, and we would find many barriers
and roadblocks. Chávez, who was indeed a visionary, said that communes
required a lot of hard work and would face contradictions. Yet he
claimed that the commune was our path towards socialism. Hard work and
commitment would open the path toward socialism for us.</p>
<p>These have been hard times. The crisis, the sanctions, the pandemic,
and other factors have made it difficult to get anything: from seeds to
gasoline and diesel fuel to replacement parts for tractors to medical
attention for communards and the community.</p>
<p>For example, we are now planting our fields. Finding fuel for the
tractors has been a real ordeal. All this slows down the process. If we
need to repair our farm machinery, purchasing a spare part is
extraordinarily expensive. That will affect things downstream, when
harvesting comes around.</p>
<p>When El Maizal was born, the government had many resources and was
clearly committed to the communes. Now things are different. Still, our
commitment to Chávez’s project hasn’t dwindled. Rather it is stronger
than ever. That is why we work hard day in and day out. In so doing, we
produce food for the people suffering the worst consequences of the
sanctions. We also demonstrate that communal production is not only
possible but also can be efficient.</p>
<p>So, yes, the sanctions have had a huge impact, but the challenge has
forced us to be more creative. In fact, I think that we have grown as
revolutionaries in this situation, and our communal project has taken
hold in the people.</p>
<p><strong>Prado: </strong>As part of his anti-imperialist discourse,
Chávez warned us about the need to study the enemy that we are facing.
He used the example of Cuba for how to confront an external enemy. That
country has endured a 60-year blockade, but its population dies very
old, wins Olympic medals, carries out scientific research, and benefits
from technology and advanced health care. All of this in a poor country
that is under siege, but which resists and struggles in a revolutionary
way!</p>
<p>Well, Chávez warned us about possible scenarios like this that could
come about because of our country’s anti-imperialist stance and also
because we are an oil-producing nation, along with other raw materials
that superpowers want to control and appropriate. A leftist government
was sure to enter into many contradictions with the US, and this was
going to affect the popular classes.</p>
<p>Hence in 2009, when El Maizal was founded, we began to build a whole
agricultural infrastructure, struggling to take over means of
production. A commune can't be just a slogan, it can’t be mere rhetoric.
We tried to develop a new form of organizing through collective work,
by caring about the project of the commune, by teaching through example,
and by being careful about our leadership – to not let people down, to
not lose legitimacy. We began to work with social initiatives like the <a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/tag/great-housing-mission">Housing Mission</a> and <a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/tag/mercal">Mercal</a> [state-owned supermarket chain], but we simultaneously developed a productive apparatus.</p>
<p>In the end, the situation turned out to be the dire one that Chávez
predicted! However, when the crisis arrived, our hard work allowed us to
resist because of the economic resources that by then belonged to the
commune and our acquired experience with productive work. We were able
to confront the crisis because we were both economically and
ideologically strong.</p>
<h2>Creativity and innovation in the face of the sanctions</h2>
<p><em>Far from being passive during the crisis, El Maizal Commune has
generated a range of creative responses to difficulties as they emerge,
demonstrating that the communes are robust spaces for constructing a
popular, sovereign alternative. </em></p>
<p><strong>Prado: </strong>Around 2017 we began calling on people to
participate more actively in the commune. We designed a distribution
system to combat the prevalent market speculation and hoarding. Around
then we also started a small industrial plant for roasting coffee and
for making cornflour and animal feed. Further, we got a freezer room for
meat storage. We also designed mobile stores to sell our products
directly, without intermediaries, and at lower prices, while developing a
barter system to exchange production with other communes.</p>
<p>Here at El Maizal we work in a coherent way… and it’s hard work! We
face many problems every day, but usually when one door closes, another
opens up. We have some allies in the government, and their support has
been helpful. However, the most important thing is our own
resourcefulness, together with the alliances that we have built with the
MST [Brazil’s landless workers’ movement], the <a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/14897">Che Guevara Commune</a> in Mérida state, and so on</p>
<p>For example, we face serious problems with animal feed at El Maizal’s
Porcinos pig farm. We have had to be creative and invest a lot of
resources in dealing with it. Managing the pig farm has been very
difficult, and we have had to make many sacrifices. Still, with
ingenuity and hard work, we have been able to keep the means of
production in the hands of the commune and at the service of the <em>pueblo</em>.
We have maintained the means of production, thereby avoiding the danger
of privatization processes [that have occurred elsewhere in the
country]. We won't let ourselves be demoralized!</p>
<p>Fortunately, El Maizal is not the only organization that has been
reinventing itself in these times. The difficult economic situation has
led some communes to reorganize, to care better for what they have, to
stay honest, to be more sincere with work, to develop a greater sense of
belonging. We are not alone in this struggle, and the fledgling <a href="https://venezuelanalysis.com/tag/communard-union">Communard Union</a> is proof of that.</p>
<p>Our survival in this situation has to do with both our work and our
awareness. I think the government is making a big effort to maintain
political power, but if the people are not organized, if we don’t
struggle, then the government may end up yielding to the enemy. That is
why we need to struggle to keep Chávez’s project alive, and it takes
hard work.</p>
<p><strong>Pineda: </strong>For many years, the surplus we generated
through corn production here was spent on social needs. However, in
recent times, we have been diversifying: we have important holdings of
cattle (more than 600 heads) both for meat and dairy production in the
Argimiro Gabaldón Communal Production Unit.</p>
<p>We also diversified our crops, and for the last three years, we have
been developing what is for now a small agroindustrial branch. This is
the Camilo Torres Communal Production Unit, which processes cornflour,
coffee, and animal feed. In fact, this facility is very important, it’s
kind of a dream come true. Chávez always talked about the need to build
whole production chains outside of the capitalist market, and we are
taking important steps in that direction.</p>
<p>The commune also has the Armando Bonilla Distribution Center and a
network of stores where we are able to sell our production without
intermediaries at lower prices.</p>
<p>The commune’s parliament made the collective decision to diversify
around 2015 and 2016, when the crisis was beginning to hit hard. We
decided then that an important part of our surplus should be reinvested
in the commune’s productive units.</p>
<p>Until then, we had been able to direct it to social purposes: the
commune built schools, houses for the poorest families, extended
electrification to many households, paved roads, etc. Now the commune
continues to invest socially, especially to help resolve medical
problems in the community, but most of the surplus goes back to
strengthening our productive capabilities. This has allowed us to
continue producing for the people.</p>
<p><strong>Jennifer Lemus: </strong>Diversifying is important to us. I
am the head of the Ezequiel Zamora Communal Production Unit, which we
consider to be El Maizal’s “PDVSA” [a reference to Venezuela’s state oil
company, the centerpiece of the country’s economy for decades]. We have
been hit hard in this productive unit: in 2017 we planted 1000 hectares
of corn, but in 2018 we only planted 300. That was a huge drop!</p>
<p>Little by little, we realized that we should not be so dependent on
our “PDVSA,” that we need to plan and diversify. I can confirm that we
have done it. The change has come with big sacrifices on our part, but
now our production is more diversified.</p>
<p>Also, we took Chávez’s insistence that communes should be able to
complete the production circuit seriously. That is why some four years
ago we began to think about developing an agroindustrial branch. The
Camilo Torres Communal Production Unit was born that way, and it allows
us to turn corn into cornmeal and animal feed, and to roast and grind
coffee.</p>
<p>All this makes us very happy. It used to be that we would produce a
tremendous amount of corn, but we would most likely never eat an <em>arepa</em> made with that corn. Now that has changed!</p>
<p>We are building whole productive circuits. Now we don’t depend on the
state silos or the private intermediaries: we produce the seed, sow,
harvest, process the corn, and even sell our production in the commune’s
stores at below market prices. We also exchange our production with
other communes such as the Che Guevara Commune in Mérida state. With
them, we have exchanged cornmeal for chocolate and coffee.</p>
<p>There are some bottlenecks that we still have to resolve. There have
been problems getting enough feed to the pig farm because it is
extremely expensive. Now, we have the machinery to process it, and we
are even planting sorghum, mung beans and soy, which can be used to
produce balanced animal feed. However, we are missing some components.
Even so, we are advancing towards communal productive sovereignty.</p>
<p>Despite diversifying our production and completing productive cycles,
we have a ways to go and must still address some obstacles. In this
sense, we have recognized that technology and innovation is important
for us. That is why we are thinking about the need to have our own
center for research and innovation.</p>
<p>We have also been advancing with the production of seeds and
fertilizers. The comrades from the MST have helped us a great deal with
this. We are now producing and storing part of the seeds that we use on
our crops, and we are producing natural fertilizers. This frees us from
the capitalist market, giving us a greater degree of autonomy. It is
also healthier for us and for those who eat our produce!</p>
<p><strong>Windely Matos:</strong> For many years, El Maizal was focused
on large-scale corn production. However, in recent years, getting all
the agricultural inputs needed for growing corn has become really
difficult. That is why we came to the conclusion that we had to
diversify our production.</p>
<p>We began to raise cattle in larger numbers, but we also started to
plant what we call “war crops” such as pigeon peas, yucca, and other
grains and vegetables that we didn’t produce before. Corn had been our
“petroleum,” it sustained the commune and with the surplus from selling
our corn crop, we were able to build schools and houses.</p>
<p>Then the crisis and the sanctions impacted our reality, so we had to
diversify. It hasn’t been easy and we made mistakes along the way, but
El Maizal Commune is alive and well, and we are ever more committed to
Chávez’s dream of communal socialism every day.</p>
<p>This is a self-governed, productive territory. The people from El
Maizal work hard day in and day out: the [US’] coercive measures are not
going to disturb our productive and political rhythms. We are here to
stay!</p>
<p><strong>Antony Suárez: </strong>At the Camilo Torres Communal
Productive Unit, we can now process 3000 kilos of cornflour daily. We
are focusing on developing our agroindustrial muscle here: we need to be
self-sufficient when it comes to production, and we need to be more
efficient every day.</p>
<p>The machines that you see here have all been modified so that we can
speed up the process… Although we are not engineers, we have been able
to solve complex problems and look for solutions. The crisis and the
sanctions have sparked our ingenuity: if we want to produce for the
people, then we have to look for ways to solve the problems we are
facing.</p>
<p><strong>Bernadino Freites: </strong>With the crisis, we have become
expert technicians and engineers. Getting pieces for our machinery in
the market is very expensive, so we are now making them, and we are even
making the large-scale plows that attach to the tractors. We are also
constructing a hydraulic press. All this raises our spirits, it makes us
proud, it remoralizes us.</p>
<p>Of course, the sanctions and other problems are greatly limiting our
access to gasoline and diesel fuel. For this reason, we are forced to
plan with precision, particularly now, in the planting season. We have
to care for all that we have, we have to maintain it, and when a problem
comes up, we must solve it with creativity.</p>
<p>It used to be that when a tractor or a truck had a problem, we would
just purchase the replacement piece. Now we look for other solutions,
and we do it as a team. We have an extraordinary team here at the
commune’s mechanization unit!</p>
<p><strong>Isabel González: </strong>At the Che Guevara Communal
Productive Unit we have 13 industrial-scale greenhouses, although only
seven are active now. Here we produce cilantro, tomatoes, bell peppers,
spring onion, and other vegetables.</p>
<p>Our main bottleneck is that we don’t have a functioning tractor for
the greenhouse. Although repairing the one we have would be relatively
simple, we don’t have the resources to do so. As a result, we are doing
all the work by hand, which is much less efficient. Nonetheless, we
provide vegetables for El Maizal’s communal canteen, and when we have a
surplus, we sell it locally at prices below the market. In fact, people
are quite keen to buy our produce because they know it’s of high
quality.</p>
<p>At the Che Guevara unit we use almost no toxic agrochemicals. In
fact, one of our main lines of work is making earthworm humus, a natural
fertilizer that has two base components: cow dung and earthworms. This
fertilizer is used in the greenhouses, but it also for El Maizal’s
large-scale crops. The earthworm hummus is not only healthier than being
exposed to chemicals, it is also much cheaper and it doesn’t deplete
the earth of its natural nutrients.</p>
<p><strong>Lemus:</strong> The crisis and the sanctions have hit us very
hard. We have lost people, and have had losses in production. Yet that
doesn't keep us from doing what we should do: producing for the people
while maintaining Chávez’s legacy alive!</p>
<p>The commune is the people’s government in the territory, popular
power in action, and that comes with an enormous responsibility. We have
to be very efficient! We cannot fall into the trap of explaining all
failures and problems with the same two words: “sanctions,” “blockade.”
Although the impact of the crisis is huge, we are living proof that
producing food and building a commune is possible and necessary under
these circumstances.</p>
<p>That is why we are designing a productive plan that will guarantee our project’s sustainability and the wellbeing of the <em>pueblo</em>.
Efficiency, good planification, hard work – these are a must in the
middle of the storm caused by the sanctions and by those factions that
don’t support the communal project. As it is, ours is not only an
economic challenge, it’s a historical one!</p>
<p>[Photo credits: Christian Ferrer and Cira Pascual Marquina]</p>
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