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<div class="gmail-header gmail-reader-header gmail-reader-show-element"><b><i>A Great Memoir -
Inside the Battle of Algiers: Memoir of a Woman Freedom Fighter published in 2017. Check it out!
</i></b></div><div class="gmail-header gmail-reader-header gmail-reader-show-element"><br></div><div class="gmail-header gmail-reader-header gmail-reader-show-element"><a class="gmail-domain gmail-reader-domain" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/algeria-france--zohra-drif-milk-bar/2021/07/08/7f788f6c-d5c6-11eb-b39f-05a2d776b1f4_story.html?utm_campaign=wp_todays_headlines&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&wpisrc=nl_headlines&carta-url=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.washingtonpost.com%2Fcar-ln-tr%2F341e04f%2F60e96fc69d2fda8060ffcd1c%2F59f0b3d6ae7e8a504ff5aab2%2F17%2F59%2F60e96fc69d2fda8060ffcd1c">washingtonpost.com</a>
<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">As Algeria’s revolutionaries fade away, the iconic Milk Bar bomber looks back without regret</h1>
<div class="gmail-credits gmail-reader-credits">Siobhán O'Grady - July 9, 2021<br></div>
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<div class="gmail-moz-reader-content gmail-reader-show-element"><div id="gmail-readability-page-1" class="gmail-page"><div><p>ALGIERS
— To passersby, she would have appeared unremarkable: a young
Frenchwoman enjoying a peach Melba at an ice cream parlor downtown.</p></div><div><p>But
the woman who sat down in the Milk Bar in Algiers on Sept. 30, 1956,
was a clandestine member of the Algerian resistance fighting for
independence from France. Inside the beach bag she tucked by her feet
was a bomb. <br></p></div><div><p>The
explosion that <br></p><p>, then 21, set off in Algiers that day killed
at least three people, wounded dozens and marked a major turning point
in Algeria’s struggle for independence.</p></div><div><p>Algeria’s
revolutionaries, who rose up against the French military and ultimately
forced France to cede control of the country, captured the world’s
attention, and their success became one of the high points of efforts
across much of Africa to shake off European colonialism.</p></div><div><p>Today,
that revolutionary generation is rapidly fading away. Drif is among the
dwindling number who remain and one of the most iconic.</p></div><div><p>At
86, she moves softly and wears wire-rimmed glasses, her light hair cut
close to her ears. Decades have passed since she and her friends moved
between hideouts in the winding streets of the casbah of Algiers, where
freedom fighters once organized in secret. But Drif can still recall in
remarkable detail the events that would forever shape not only her
future but that of her country.</p></div><div><p>The
bombing of the Milk Bar, frequented by French settlers, aimed “to create
in the civilian French population the same panic” that Algerians were
experiencing, she said in an interview at her son’s home in the Algerian
capital last month. The Europeans “were so overprotected, it was as if
there wasn’t a war. . . . And we had to tell them: The war is
everywhere. It’s not only for us, it’s also for the French,” she said,
expressing no regrets.</p></div><div><p>The French
considered Algeria part of France, and around a million Europeans had
settled there by the time war broke out. “If we look to the period of
decolonization, settler colonies in the world are the most violent and
the hardest to decolonize,” said Jennifer Sessions, a University of
Virginia historian.</p></div><div><p>Although the war
began in 1954 and was fought across rural Algeria, the September 1956
attacks marked the beginning of a tumultuous new period in the capital.</p></div><div><p>The
explosive that Drif planted was one of three bombs placed by Algerian
women in Algiers that day — a series of coordinated terrorist attacks
that enraged and terrified Europeans in the city. The French military
spent the following year identifying and dismantling cells of fighters
and supporters of the independence movement. Thousands were rounded up
and detained, including Drif. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/frances-macron-admits-to-militarys-systematic-use-of-torture-in-algeria-war/2018/09/13/6b0e85cc-b729-11e8-94eb-3bd52dfe917b_story.html?itid=lk_inline_manual_16">Many were tortured </a>or killed — and many others disappeared entirely.</p></div><div><p>Drif had made for a somewhat unlikely militant.</p></div><div><p>An
exceptional student, she eventually moved for her studies to Algiers,
where she was one of only a handful of Algerians at her boarding school.
There, she met Samia Lakhdari, who would become her closest friend and
later her co-conspirator in the resistance. Lakhdari died in 2012.</p></div><div><p>“Knowing
everything that had happened in our country, it was clear for us there
was no option but an armed struggle, and that we had to confront the
French, and with violence,” Drif recalled.</p></div><div><p>The
young women’s immersion in French school and ability to blend into
European neighborhoods made them ideal candidates for undercover work on
behalf of the movement.</p></div><div><p>On the same
evening in 1956 that Drif planted a bomb in the Milk Bar, Lakhdari and
her mother posed as Frenchwomen and placed a bomb in a popular cafe.
Another female combatant, Djamila Bouhired, planted a third bomb in an
Air France office the same day, but it failed to detonate. The victims
included children, some of whom required amputations due to the severity
of their injuries.</p></div><div><p>Before the
explosion, Drif managed to exit the ice cream bar unnoticed. But she was
still close enough to feel the blast a few minutes later. In a panic,
she went to the home of a family friend, a Frenchwoman who had no idea
Drif was behind the attacks, she recalled.</p></div><div><p>Drif played dumb as the woman expressed her anxiety over the explosions. Then she rushed to return to Lakhdari’s house.</p></div><div><p>“The
instructions were not just to drop the bomb, and to leave before it
exploded, but to not get arrested,” she said. “We had to come back,
because if we were arrested, it would practically have been a failure.”</p></div><div><p>Their
attacks were famously depicted in “The Battle of Algiers,” an acclaimed
1966 film directed by Gillo Pontecorvo that reenacts some of the
critical moments of the Algerian resistance in the capital and the
French crackdown. The film, considered controversial in France, was
temporarily banned by authorities there.</p></div><div><p>After
the bombing, Drif continued to work in secret for the armed wing of the
National Liberation Front, or FLN, which would go on to become the
country’s ruling party after independence.</p></div><div><p>She
was arrested at a hideout in the casbah in 1957 but freed five years
later, when Algeria declared independence in 1962, sparking the mass
exodus of Europeans from the country.</p></div><div><p>Drif
went on to marry Rabah Bitat, one of the masterminds of the
independence movement and later a prominent politician and interim
president of Algeria. She worked as a lawyer and eventually became the
vice president of Algeria’s senate. The couple also raised three
children before he died in 2000.</p></div><div><p>Two
years ago, when an enormous wave of peaceful, anti-government protests
swept Algiers, Drif said she felt as if the youth of Algeria had “picked
back up the torch” from her generation.</p></div><div><p>Unemployment
was spiking and frustration was running high with the longtime
president, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, himself a veteran of the independence
struggle, and his network of powerful military officials, businesspeople
and politicians — known as Le Pouvoir, or the Power. Drif said she saw
the protests as proof that the new generation was “profoundly attached
to their country.” Bouteflika was ultimately forced to resign.</p></div><div><p>For Drif, the passion that younger Algerians displayed left her feeling more heartened about the country’s future.</p></div><div><p>They “were fighting for the same principles we fought for, meaning a country that is governed by its children,” she said.</p></div></div></div>
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