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<title>Cuba’s Vaccine Shield and the Five Monopolies that
Structure the World: The Twenty-Sixth Newsletter (2021)</title>
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valign="top"> <strong><span
style="font-size:20px"><span
style="color:#ba2025"><span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">Cuba’s
Vaccine Shield and the
Five Monopolies that
Structure the World: The
Twenty-Sixth Newsletter
(2021)</span></span></span></strong>
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valign="top"> <br>
<span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica
neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">
<div id="attachment_44246"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44246"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44246
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Raul-Martinez-Cuba-Yo-He-Visto-I-Have-Seen-n.d..png"
alt="Raúl Martínez
(Cuba), Yo he visto (‘I
Have Seen’), n.d."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Raul-Martinez-Cuba-Yo-He-Visto-I-Have-Seen-n.d..png
950w,
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768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
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auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
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width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44246"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Raúl
Martínez (Cuba), <i>Yo
he visto </i>(‘I Have
Seen’), n.d.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Dear
friends,</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
from the desk of the <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=29175e20ae&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
Institute for Social
Research</a>.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">In
1869, at the age of fifteen,
José Martí and his young
friends published a magazine
in Cuba called <i>La Patria
Libre</i> (‘The Free
Homeland’), which adopted a
strong position against
Spanish imperialism. The
first and only issue of the
magazine carried Martí’s
poem, ‘Abdala’. The poem is
about a young man, Abdala,
who goes off to fight
against all odds to free his
native land, which Martí
calls Nubia. ‘Neither
laurels nor crowns are
needed for those who breathe
courage’, Martí wrote. ‘Let
us run to the fight … to
war, valiant ones’. And in
the rousing address by
Abdala, comes these lyrical
words:</p>
<p style="padding-left:
40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Let
the warlike valour of our
souls<br>
Serve you, my homeland, as a
shield.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Martí
was arrested and sentenced
to six years of hard labour.
Eventually, the Spanish
imperial government sent the
young Cuban into exile in
1871. He spent this time –
much of it in New York –
writing patriotic poems,
producing political essays
and commentary, and
organising the resistance to
Spanish imperialism. He
returned home in 1895, only
to be killed shortly
afterwards in a skirmish,
his legacy cemented in the
war against the Spanish in
1898 and in the Cuban
Revolution that began in
1959.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
lines from Martí about the
‘warlike valour’ serving as
the country’s ‘shield’ form
the basis for the name of
the new Cuban vaccine, <i>Abdala</i>.
This vaccine, the fifth to
be produced in Cuba, was
developed by the Centre for
Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology (<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=abda0af287&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">CIGB</a>)
in Havana. In announcing the
results of their trials, <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=6e3d292f00&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">BioCubaFarma</a>,
the country’s leading
biotechnology and
pharmaceutical institution,
<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=2d103be8a8&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
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#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">noted</a>
that it had an efficacy rate
of 92.28%, almost as high as
the efficacy <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=dc5832d0a6&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
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#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">rate</a>
of the vaccines by Pfizer
(95%) and Moderna (94.1%).
The vaccine is administered
in three doses, each given
with a two-week gap. The
Cuban authorities plan to
vaccinate three quarters of
the population by September.
Already, more than 2.23
million vaccines have been<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f27fe39b79&e=d206d0a40d"
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moz-do-not-send="true">
administered</a> to the 11
million Cubans on the
island, 1.346 million people
have been vaccinated with at
least one dose, 770,390 with
the second dose, and 148,738
with the third dose.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
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16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
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aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44226"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44226
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Juan-Roberto-Diago-Durruthuy-Cuba-Te-lugar-2006..jpg"
alt="Juan Roberto Diago
Durruthy (Cuba), Tu lugar
(‘Your Place’), 2006."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Juan-Roberto-Diago-Durruthuy-Cuba-Te-lugar-2006..jpg
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Juan-Roberto-Diago-Durruthuy-Cuba-Te-lugar-2006.-300x175.jpg
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Juan-Roberto-Diago-Durruthuy-Cuba-Te-lugar-2006.-768x448.jpg
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44226"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Juan
Roberto Diago Durruthy
(Cuba), <i>Tu lugar</i>
(‘Your Place’), 2006.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Cuba
has already planned to
export its vaccines to
countries around the world
and has now produced five
different vaccine
candidates, including
Soberana 02 and the
needle-free intranasal
vaccine, Mambisa. The
latter, which holds great <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=da8a64a6c7&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">promise</a>
for vaccine administration
in low-resource countries,
is named after guerrilla
soldiers who fought in the
Ten Year War (1868-1878) for
independence from Spain.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Each
of these vaccines has been
developed under conditions
of duress imposed by the
illegal US blockade. Since
1992, the UN General
Assembly has voted annually
against the US blockade,
except for 2020, when, due
to the pandemic, there was
no vote. On 23 June 2021,
184 member states of the
United Nations again <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=28023dab87&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">voted</a>
to end this blockade. In the
context of the coronavirus
pandemic, Cuba’s foreign
minister, Bruno Rodríguez
Parrilla, <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=a8fef50a44&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>,
‘Like the virus, the
blockade asphyxiates and
kills. It must stop’. One of
the casualties of the
blockade has been Cuba’s
inability to buy ventilators
to treat critically ill
patients, since the two
Swiss companies (IMT Medical
AG and Acutronic) who made
them were <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=bfc0f30400&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">purchased</a>
by a US company (Vyaire
Medical, Inc.) in April
2020. Cuba has now developed
its own ventilator in
response.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">At
the same time, Cuba suffers
from a shortage of syringes.
Syringe manufacturers are
entangled in one way or
another with the US
pharmaceutical industry.
Terumo (Japan) and Nipro
(Japan) have operations in
the United States, while B.
Braun Melsungen AG (Germany)
is in a partnership with
Concordance Healthcare
Solutions (US). An Indian
syringe firm, Hindustan
Syringes & Medical
Devices Ltd., is linked to
Envigo (US), which brings US
government scrutiny to the
Indian firm. In an act of
concrete solidarity, a <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=358755ab4f&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">campaign</a>
is underway to raise funds
towards the purchase of
syringes for Cuba.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_44196"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44196"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44196
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Belkis-Ayon-Cuba-La-consagracion-III-The-Consecration-III-1991..jpg"
alt="Belkis Ayón (Cuba),
La consagración III (‘The
Consecration III’), 1991."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Belkis-Ayon-Cuba-La-consagracion-III-The-Consecration-III-1991..jpg
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Belkis-Ayon-Cuba-La-consagracion-III-The-Consecration-III-1991.-300x210.jpg
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Belkis-Ayon-Cuba-La-consagracion-III-The-Consecration-III-1991.-768x538.jpg
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44196"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Belkis
Ayón (Cuba), <i>La
consagración III </i>(‘The
Consecration III’),
1991.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
Our World in Data project <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=2b1a1cd038&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">calculates</a>
that, as of 29 June, just
over 3 billion doses have
been administered worldwide,
which amount to less than 1
billion people out of the
7.7 billion in the world who
have been vaccinated. Just
over 23% of the world
population has had their
first vaccine shot. But the
data shows that vaccination
drives have been predictably
uneven. In low-income
countries, only 0.9% of the
population has received at
least one dose of the
vaccine. In April 2021, WHO
chief Tedros Adhanom
Gheybreysus <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=bb83006d20&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>,
‘There remains a shocking
imbalance in the global
distribution of vaccines. On
average in high-income
countries, almost one in
four people has received a
vaccine. In low-income
countries, it’s one in more
than 500. Let me repeat
that: one in four versus one
in 500’. By May 2021,
Ghebreyesus <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=2cf4090be2&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>
that the world was in a
situation of ‘vaccine
apartheid’.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">In
February 2021, in one of our
newsletters, Tricontinental:
Institute of Social Research
<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=3c10414361&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">noted</a>
that we lived in a time of
‘three apartheids’. These
apartheids include that of
food, money, and medicine.
At the heart of the medical
apartheid is vaccine
nationalism, vaccine
hoarding, and, as
Ghebreyesus put it, vaccine
apartheid. Matters are quite
grave. The COVAX vaccine
alliance has seen vaccines
move out of its reach both
because of bilateral deals
being made between the
richer countries and the
vaccine makers and because
of the lack of financial
support from the richer
states to the poorer ones.
The trends show that many
countries will not see
significant enough numbers
of their population
vaccinated before 2023, ‘if
it happens at all’, <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=0ed82ddb1c&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">says</a>
the Economist Intelligence
Unit.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<div id="attachment_44236"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44236"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44236
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Raul-Corrales-Fornos-Cuba-La-Caballeria-Cavalry-1960..jpg"
alt="Raúl Corrales Fornos
(Cuba), La caballería
(‘The Cavalry’), 1960."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Raul-Corrales-Fornos-Cuba-La-Caballeria-Cavalry-1960..jpg
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Raul-Corrales-Fornos-Cuba-La-Caballeria-Cavalry-1960.-300x208.jpg
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Raul-Corrales-Fornos-Cuba-La-Caballeria-Cavalry-1960.-768x534.jpg
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44236"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Raúl
Corrales Fornos (Cuba),
<i>La caballería </i>(‘The
Cavalry’), 1960.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">What
is the cause of these three
apartheids? The control that
a handful of companies
exercise over the global
economy, driven by five
types of monopolies, as our
friend, the late Samir Amin,
<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=3c9e1f5461&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">laid
out</a>:</p>
<ol>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
monopoly over science and
technology</li>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
monopoly over financial
systems</li>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
monopoly over access to
resources</li>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
monopoly over weaponry</li>
<li aria-level="1"
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">The
monopoly over
communications</li>
</ol>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">We
are looking closely at this
list and the relationship
between each of these
elements, analysing it to
see if anything has been
left out. Amin argued that
it is not the lack of
industrialisation alone that
impacts the subordination of
countries; what has kept the
world in a situation of
great inequality, he
suggested, were these five
monopolies. After all, many
countries in the world have
developed industries over
the past fifty years but
remain unable to advance the
social agenda of their
populations.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Central
to the discussion about
vaccine apartheid are at
least two of these
monopolies: the monopoly
over finance and the
monopoly over science and
technology. A lack of
finances in hand draws many
of the world’s states to the
International Monetary Fund
(IMF), to various public
investors (the Paris Club),
or to commercial capital
(the London Club). These
financiers take their lead
from the IMF, which has
demanded that countries cut
back on several crucial
areas of human life –
education and health care,
for instance. Cutting funds
for education drains
countries’ potential to
develop sufficient numbers
of scientists as well as the
scientific temper necessary
to create essential
technologies such as vaccine
candidates. Cutting funds
for health care systems and
adopting intellectual
property rules that block
the transfer of technology
leaves countries disarmed
from being able to
appropriately deal with the
pandemic.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">A
lack of funds has driven
many states to surrender the
possibility that they could
advance the well-being of
their populations (as of
April 2020, sixty-four
countries <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=e8417f9db4&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">spend</a>
more to service their debt
than on healthcare). It is
not enough to demand the
transfer of technology to
states in the midst of a
pandemic so that they can
make the vaccine. Technology
is yesterday’s science;
science is tomorrow’s
technology.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">To
use the social wealth of a
population, to teach
science, and to establish a
basic norm of scientific
literacy are essential
lessons of the pandemic.
These are lessons
well-learnt by the Cubans.
This is why Cuba has,
against all odds, developed
five different vaccines.
Abdala and Cuba’s four other
vaccines stand as a shield
against COVID-19. These
vaccines emerge out of the
social productivity of
socialist Cuba, which has
not surrendered to the
ugliness of the five
monopolies.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
</span> </td>
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