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style="font-family:lato,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">The
Spirit of Carabobo Will
Overcome the Stench of
Monroe: The Twenty-Fifth
Newsletter (2021)</span></span></span></strong>
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<span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica
neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">
<div id="attachment_44021"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44021"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44021
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Kael-Abello-Utopix-Venezuela-Batalla-de-Carabobo-‘Battle-of-Carabobo-2021..png"
alt="Kael Abello, Utopix
(Venezuela), Batalla de
Carabobo (‘Battle of
Carabobo’), 2021."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Kael-Abello-Utopix-Venezuela-Batalla-de-Carabobo-‘Battle-of-Carabobo-2021..png
681w,
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215w" sizes="(max-width:
681px) 100vw, 681px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="681" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44021"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Kael
Abello, <a
style="color:
#ba2025;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
href="about:blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Utopix</a>
(Venezuela), <i>Batalla
de Carabobo </i>(‘Battle
of Carabobo’), 2021.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Dear
friends,</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
from the desk of the <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=cfff918bff&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Tricontinental:
Institute for Social
Research</a>, this week
from Carabobo, Venezuela.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Two
hundred years ago, on 24
June 1821, the forces of
Simón Bolívar trounced the
Spanish royalists at the
Battle of Carabobo, a few
hundred kilometres west of
Caracas, Venezuela. Five
days later, Bolívar entered
Caracas in triumph; the
Spanish fortresses of
Cartagena and Puerto Cabello
had been seized by the
Liberator’s armies, making a
return to power for Spain
impossible. In Cúcuta, a
congress assembled to draft
a new constitution and to
elect Bolívar as the
president.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Bolívar,
now the head of the Republic
of Gran Colombia (today’s
Colombia and Venezuela),
would not rest. He got on
his horse and rode south
towards Quito, where Spain’s
forces remained and would
eventually be defeated on 24
May 1822 at the battle of
Pichincha. It would take two
more years to eject Spain
from the hemisphere, but the
trend was inevitable.
Carabobo had broken the
imperialist spirit of the
Spanish monarchy.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
Spanish monarchy lost its
grip on the Americas, but
other threats emerged. On 2
December 1823, US President
James Monroe told the US
Congress that the Americas
were no longer the domain of
the old European powers. But
the <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f9b55de65d&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Monroe
Doctrine</a> did not imply
that the various parts of
the Americas, including Gran
Colombia, would be
sovereign. The Doctrine
meant that the United States
of America could behave in
the hemisphere as if it were
an old imperial power, a
trend that would become
clearer as US military
technology improved. Clarity
regarding the aims of the
Monroe Doctrine came in two
ways. First, through the
behaviour of the United
States, whose armed forces
intervened directly across
the continent, from Peru
(1835-36) to Guatemala
(1885) to Cuba and Puerto
Rico (1898). Second, through
US President Theodore
Roosevelt’s 1904 <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=23c53b65de&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">corollary</a>
to the Doctrine, which
included the right of the US
to act – in Roosevelt’s
words – as an ‘international
police power’ in the
hemisphere.</p>
<div id="attachment_44001"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44001"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44001
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Pueblos-originarios-‘Indigenous-Peoples-2021..png"
alt="César Mosquera,
Utopix (Venezuela),
Pueblos originarios
(‘Indigenous Peoples’),
2021."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Pueblos-originarios-‘Indigenous-Peoples-2021..png
949w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Pueblos-originarios-‘Indigenous-Peoples-2021.-300x300.png
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Pueblos-originarios-‘Indigenous-Peoples-2021.-150x150.png
150w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Pueblos-originarios-‘Indigenous-Peoples-2021.-768x769.png
768w" sizes="(max-width:
949px) 100vw, 949px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="949" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44001"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">César
Mosquera, <a
style="color:
#ba2025;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
href="about:blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Utopix</a>
(Venezuela), <i>Pueblos
originarios</i>
(‘Indigenous Peoples’),
2021.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Bolívar
understood the nature of
this new threat. In his 1829
letter to the British <i>chargé
d’affaires</i> Patrick
Campbell, Bolívar <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9a87d9ea42&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">wrote</a>
that the United States
‘seemed predestined by
Providence to plague
Americas with miseries in
the name of liberty’. This
is why he called for a
congress in Panama in 1826
to create a platform of
political unity.
Unfortunately, few of the
new states came to Panama.
Regional unity remained a
dream, but one that would
punctually find adherents
who tried to make it
reality.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">In
the twenty-first century,
Hugo Chávez took up the
project for regional unity
in the Americas. For a good
reason, he called the
revolutionary processes in
Venezuela and in Latin
America the Bolivarian
Revolution. ‘What we see in
the period of history
between 1810 and 1830 are
the outlines of a national
project for South America’,
said Chávez. This is the
project that Chávez
developed inside Venezuela
and in the region through
the Bolivarian Alliance for
Peoples of Our America
(ALBA) and through the Union
of South American Nations
(UNASUR), both founded in
2004.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Since
Chávez’s first electoral
victory in 1998, the United
States has attempted to
derail the Bolivarian
process. The stench of
Monroe pervades US policy,
while Venezuelan resistance
is lifted up by the spirit
of Carabobo. Vindictive US <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9e89f9358b&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">sanctions</a>
against Venezuela, precisely
defined to overthrow
Bolivarianism, continue
despite the pandemic. Last
year, pressure from the US
Treasury Department <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=9ac04378c6&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">prevented</a>
the International Monetary
Fund from allowing Venezuela
to access its own funds and
other emergency
pandemic-related money.
Between April and May 2021,
Venezuela authorised the
Swiss bank UBS to pay the
COVAX mechanism $10 million
to buy COVID-19 vaccines. On
7 June, COVAX <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=8f61ea3577&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">wrote</a>
to the Venezuelan government
to inform them that UBS had
blocked the payments. The
bank felt the heavy weight
of US policy on its doors.</p>
<div id="attachment_44031"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44031"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44031
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Valentina-Aguirre-Utopix-Venezuela-Llaneros-2021..png"
alt="Valentina Aguirre,
Utopix (Venezuela),
Llaneros, 2021."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Valentina-Aguirre-Utopix-Venezuela-Llaneros-2021..png
950w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Valentina-Aguirre-Utopix-Venezuela-Llaneros-2021.-300x300.png
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Valentina-Aguirre-Utopix-Venezuela-Llaneros-2021.-150x150.png
150w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Valentina-Aguirre-Utopix-Venezuela-Llaneros-2021.-768x769.png
768w" sizes="(max-width:
950px) 100vw, 950px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="950" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44031"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Valentina
Aguirre, <a
style="color:
#ba2025;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
href="about:blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Utopix</a>
(Venezuela), <i>Llaneros</i>,
2021.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">At
the G-7 meeting in Wales,
the seven governments from
the United States to Germany
agreed to tepid <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=2128fdd4c4&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">language</a>
towards the provision of
vaccines. Promises of a
billion vaccines to be
circulated around the world
came without any specifics;
it is well-known that the
promises made at G-7
meetings are rarely
honoured. The United Nations
Secretary General António
Guterres questioned the
headline about the billion
vaccines. ‘We need more than
that’, he <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=48133dc0bb&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">said</a>.
‘We need a global
vaccination plan’, which
would require increased
production of the vaccines
and ‘an emergency task force
to guarantee the design and
then the implementation of
that global vaccination
plan’.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">To
that end, three important
voices from Asia, Africa,
and Latin America – K. K.
Shailaja (former health
minister, Kerala, India),
Anyang’ Nyong’o (governor of
Kisumu County, Kenya), and
Rogelio Mayta (foreign
minister, Bolivia) – came
together to <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=00d7e29878&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">write</a>
about vaccine
internationalism. They laid
out three proposals:</p>
<ol>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">Remove
intellectual property
patents on the vaccines.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">Share
the knowledge about how to
make the vaccines.</li>
<li
style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">Focus
on collective disobedience
to override intellectual
property rights.</li>
</ol>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
third aspect requires their
own words, imbued with the
spirit of Carabobo:</p>
<p style="padding-left:
40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Certain
provisions to override
intellectual property
protections already exist,
for example, through the
2001 Doha declaration of the
WTO. Yet countries have been
hesitant to do so due to
fear of sanctions from
certain governments and
reprisals from big pharma.
We will consider how we
could introduce national
legislation to override
intellectual property
protections collectively,
introducing a credible
threat to the monopoly
pharmaceutical model
currently at play.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">There
are two key elements to this
point about collective
disobedience. First, it
recognises the
cold-heartedness with which
‘certain governments’ will
place sanctions on anyone
who dares to break the
stranglehold of the
Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights
or TRIPS, which benefit big
pharma above all else.
Second, it puts forth the
brave suggestion for nations
of the Global South to find
legal means within their
countries to set aside big
pharma’s capture of the
knowledge commons. There is
a hint of realism in this
last suggestion. It would be
far more powerful if the
countries of the South –
especially the twenty-five
states that <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=8375bc3607&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">spend</a>
more on debt servicing than
on health care – would band
together and create a bloc
for vaccine
internationalism.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">But
this kind of broad-based
regional solidarity is not
easily available today,
since the regional and
global platforms – including
the 60-year-old Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM) – are
considerably weakened. To
strengthen regionalism was
precisely the programme of
Chávez and the Bolivarian
movement.</p>
<div id="attachment_43991"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-43991"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-43991
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Ejercito-de-Zamora-‘Zamora-Army-2021..png"
alt="César Mosquera,
Utopix (Venezuela),
Ejército de Zamora
(‘Zamora Army’), 2021"
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Ejercito-de-Zamora-‘Zamora-Army-2021..png
949w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Ejercito-de-Zamora-‘Zamora-Army-2021.-300x300.png
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Ejercito-de-Zamora-‘Zamora-Army-2021.-150x150.png
150w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Cesar-Mosquera-Utopix-Venezuela-Ejercito-de-Zamora-‘Zamora-Army-2021.-768x769.png
768w" sizes="(max-width:
949px) 100vw, 949px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="949" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-43991"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">César
Mosquera, <a
style="color:
#ba2025;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
href="about:blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Utopix</a>
(Venezuela), <i>Ejército
de Zamora</i> (‘Zamora
Army’), 2021.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Regionalism,
as Chávez recognised it, is
not merely a platform of
common markets and
institutions to advance the
interests of global
corporations and national
elites. This is the kind of
regionalism that defines the
European Union, for
instance. Nor is it
sufficient to develop a
regionalism limited by the
ideology of culture, which
has often pervaded in
pan-Arabism and
pan-Asianism.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
immense power of global
corporations provokes the
need for some kind of
barriers, which can perhaps
no longer merely be erected
by individual countries,
since they are vulnerable to
sanctions and threats. What
is needed is a broader
platform, the unity of
entire continents or of
sections of the world that
refuse to defer to the
authority of the G-7 or of
this or that global
corporation. Regionalism of
this sort does not merely
mean the unity of a set of
countries in a continent; it
requires that state power in
at least certain key
countries be held by the
working class and the
peasantry. Only a government
backed by the force of the
masses will have the
fortitude to stand up to the
authority and the power of
‘certain governments’, as
Shailaja, Nyong’o, and Mayta
said with care.</p>
<div id="attachment_44011"
class="wp-caption
aligncenter"><img
aria-describedby="caption-attachment-44011"
loading="lazy"
class="wp-image-44011
size-full img-responsive
mcRssImage"
src="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Daniel-Duque-Utopix-Venezuela-Comunas-socialistas-‘Socialist-Communes-2021.png"
alt="Daniel Duque, Utopix
(Venezuela), Comunas
socialistas (‘Socialist
Communes’), 2021."
srcset="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Daniel-Duque-Utopix-Venezuela-Comunas-socialistas-‘Socialist-Communes-2021.png
949w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Daniel-Duque-Utopix-Venezuela-Comunas-socialistas-‘Socialist-Communes-2021-300x300.png
300w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Daniel-Duque-Utopix-Venezuela-Comunas-socialistas-‘Socialist-Communes-2021-150x150.png
150w,
https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Daniel-Duque-Utopix-Venezuela-Comunas-socialistas-‘Socialist-Communes-2021-768x769.png
768w" sizes="(max-width:
949px) 100vw, 949px"
style="max-width:
100%;width:
100%;padding-bottom:
0;display:
inline;vertical-align:
bottom;border: 0;height:
auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="949" border="0">
<p
id="caption-attachment-44011"
class="wp-caption-text"
style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"><span
style="color: #ba2025;">Daniel
Duque, <a style="color:
#ba2025;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
href="about:blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Utopix</a>
(Venezuela), <i>Comunas
socialistas</i>
(‘Socialist Communes’),
2021.</span></p>
</div>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">As
Bolívar lingered on his
deathbed in Santa Marta (in
modern-day Colombia), his
doctor read to him from
French newspapers. They came
upon a song that had been
sung by the partisans of the
1830 July Revolution as they
entered the Hôtel de Ville
to seize Paris:</p>
<p style="padding-left:
40px;margin: 10px 0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">America,
to cheer us,<br>
Looks on us from afar.<br>
Her fire ring of republics<br>
Was lit by Bolívar.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">The
memory of Carabobo continues
to light those fires in
Venezuela’s communes, in the
streets of Colombia, the <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=f7a9c6aa49&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">farmers’
revolt</a> in India, and <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=eab20f76c7&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;color:
#007C89;font-weight:
normal;text-decoration:
underline;"
moz-do-not-send="true">shack
settlements</a> in South
Africa.</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,</p>
<p style="margin: 10px
0;padding:
0;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
Helvetica;font-size:
16px;line-height:
150%;text-align: left;">Vijay</p>
</span> </td>
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0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top:
5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left:
9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle"
align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse:
collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width="" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
border="0"
align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle"
align="center">
<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=4a18cb8fb3&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-facebook-48.png"
alt="Facebook"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
width="24"
height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="display:
inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-right:
10px;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer"
valign="top">
<table
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top:
5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left:
9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle"
align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse:
collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width="" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
border="0"
align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle"
align="center">
<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=95b0e9aaf7&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-twitter-48.png"
alt="Twitter"
style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
width="24"
height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
<td align="center" valign="top">
<![endif]-->
<table
style="display:
inline;border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-right:
0;padding-bottom: 9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
class="mcnFollowContentItemContainer"
valign="top">
<table
class="mcnFollowContentItem"
style="border-collapse: collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
width="100%"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="padding-top:
5px;padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left:
9px;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;"
valign="middle"
align="left">
<table
style="border-collapse:
collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
0pt;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" width="" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
border="0"
align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="mcnFollowIconContent"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
100%;"
width="24"
valign="middle"
align="center">
<a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=bedbe7bb3e&e=d206d0a40d"
target="_blank" style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://cdn-images.mailchimp.com/icons/social-block-v2/dark-instagram-48.png"
alt="Instagram" style="display: block;border: 0;height: auto;outline:
none;text-decoration:
none;-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true"
width="24"
height="24"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if mso]>
</td>
<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso]>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]--> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!--[if (gte mso 9)|(IE)]>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<![endif]-->
<!-- // END TEMPLATE --> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<center> <br>
<br>
<br>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom:
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cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="color: #606060;font-family: Helvetica,
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valign="top" align="center"><br>
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src="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=3ae8355442&e=d206d0a40d"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="1" height="1">
</div>
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