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<font size="1"><a href="https://covertactionmagazine.com/2020/12/17/this-book-turns-everything-you-thought-you-knew-about-north-korea-upside-down/">https://covertactionmagazine.com/2020/12/17/this-book-turns-everything-you-thought-you-knew-about-north-korea-upside-down/</a>
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<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">This Book Turns Everything You Thought You Knew About North Korea Upside Down<br></h1>
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<div class="gmail-td-post-author-name"><div class="gmail-td-author-by">By<a href="https://covertactionmagazine.com/author/jeremykuzmarov/"> Jeremy Kuzmarov</a> -<span class="gmail-td-post-date"> December 17, 2020</span> </div></div></div>
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<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea1.png?resize=696%2C521&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="293">[Source: <a href="https://www.rand.org/topics/north-korea.html">rand.org</a>]
<h2><strong>How 70 years of CIA deceit and mainstream media complicity
convinced the American public that North Korea was the Bad Guy and the
U.S. was the Good Guy—when it was almost always the other way around</strong></h2>
<p>In the United States today, North Korea is the standard reference
point for modern-day totalitarianism: a land of darkness that is
considered a dangerous security threat because of the development of
nuclear missiles capable of striking the U.S.</p>
<div><img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea2.png?resize=317%2C475&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="262" height="392"></div>
<p>A.B. Abrams’ new book, <a href="https://www.claritypress.com/book-author/a-b-abrams/"><em>Immovable Object: North Korea’s 70 Years at War with American Power</em> (Clarity Press, 2020)</a>, shows that the common perceptions in the U.S. of North Korea are mostly wrong.</p>
<p>Though the Kim dynasty has ruled through autocratic methods, it has
also adopted rational and at times intelligent policies, which have
enabled North Korea to weather unprecedented outside hostility and
develop into something of a military powerhouse.</p>
<p>Between July and November 2017, North Korea successfully test-fired
three intercontinental range ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and a more
sophisticated miniaturized thermonuclear warhead, which demonstrated
beyond much reasonable doubt that one of America’s oldest adversaries
had gained the capability to strike the U.S. mainland, with U.S.
intelligence later confirming the viability of both ICBM designs tested
as well as their warheads.<a><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
<p>North Korea as such is no military pushover and may be gaining the
upper hand in the long war with the United States—which is a source of
pride for its people.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea3.png?resize=696%2C423&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="238">Unnamed
North Korean ICBM on 22-wheel transporter erector launcher on display
at a military parade celebrating the 75th anniversary of the North
Korean Workers Party in October 2020. [Source: <a href="https://dprk360.com/inside-north-korea/75th-anniversary-of-the-dprk-workers-party-founding-day-high-resolution-photos/2026/?fbclid=IwAR0MgfRjRgzfRTS-f4hVinhf9BokrlXRFuZgqehY9pp8eRFAxJuI0uCZQQE">dprk360.com]</a>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea4.png?resize=696%2C360&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="203">Engagement Range of Hwasong-15 ICBM [Source: <a href="https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/target-washington-north-korea-marks-three-years-since-demonstrating-nuclear-strike-capability-across-u-s-mainland">militarywatchmagazine.com]</a>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea5.png?resize=696%2C393&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="221">Amidst the backdrop of U.S. sanctions, Pyongyang has recently undergone a major construction boom. [Source: <a href="https://www.38north.org/2017/07/hferon071817/">38north.com</a>]
<h2><strong>Roots of the Conflict</strong></h2>
<p>The conflict between the U.S. and North Korea, or Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea (DPRK), is rooted in North Korea’s defiance of the
U.S.-led world order.</p>
<p>The DPRK’s founding father, Kim Il-Sung, was the son of prominent
Korean nationalists Kim Hyong Jik and Kang Pan Sok and a leader of the
Manchurian partisan exiles in the Soviet Far East who fought against
Japanese colonial occupation.</p>
<p>During Japan’s colonization of Korea from 1910 to 1945, it promoted
industrialization and built the Suiho dam—the second largest in the
world after the Hoover dam—while also developing a draconian
surveillance apparatus and repressing political dissent.</p>
<p>The United States followed Japan in its hostility to left-wing,
nationalist movements, and construction of a police state apparatus in
South Korea, which relied on many former Japanese collaborators.</p>
<p>The U.S. had divided the Koreas artificially at the end of World War
II and installed a client regime in the south led by Syngman Rhee, who
was flown in on General Douglas MacArthur’s plane after having spent
years in exile.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea7.png?resize=696%2C373&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="210">[Source: <a href="https://www.nknews.org/2012/02/the-u-s-and-the-1945-division-of-korea/">nknews.com</a>]
<p>CIA reports from the time showed a stark contrast between Kim and Rhee’s leadership.</p>
<p>Under Kim’s direction, industrial output and state industry increased
exponentially in the DPRK, with average salaries of factory and office
workers increasing by 83 percent. A successful program of land reform
also offered new opportunities for rural farmers, and many benefited
from state-subsidized health care and education.</p>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea8.png?resize=696%2C567&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="319">Syngman Rhee (right) waltzes with General Douglas MacArthur. [Source: <a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/left-right-and-rhee">wilsoncenter.org</a>]
<p>The Rhee government, by contrast, triggered a social rebellion
through economic policies that were designed to tie South Korea’s
economy with Japan—which the U.S. was trying to build up as a junior
partner in the Cold War—along with a heavy reliance on Japanese
collaborators and intolerance for dissent.</p>
<p>Before the official outbreak of the Korean War, the Rhee regime, with
the support of U.S. military and police advisers, had killed at least
100,000 of its own people, including through the brutal suppression of a
left-wing uprising in the southern island of Cheju-do.</p>
<p>In the late 1940s, the Kim regime promoted the peaceful reunification
of the Koreas through free elections. The U.S. government blocked these
elections because they knew that Kim would win—similarly to Vietnam in
1956 when they knew that Ho Chi Minh would win at least 80 percent of
the vote.</p>
<p>Despite a professed commitment to democracy, the U.S. trampled on
Korea’s sovereignty in order to fulfill its imperial ambitions in
Southeast Asia, which the U.S. had ringed with military bases due to its
victory in the Pacific War.</p>
<h2><strong>The Korean War</strong></h2>
<p>The official narrative maintains that the North started the Korean
War by invading South Korea on June 25, 1950. However, Abrams’ account
provides strong evidence that it was the other way around.</p>
<div><img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea10.png?resize=275%2C294&ssl=1" alt="" width="275" height="294">An American paratrooper paints “The End” on a portrait of Kim Il-Sung. [Source: <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/5840674494212337/">pininterest.com</a>]</div>
<p>Bent on achieving what he could never do through the ballot box, Rhee’s forces staged raids into the North, and then on June 25<sup>th</sup>
struck first when they attacked the border city of Haeju. The South
Koreans would later amend their claim to state that they had attacked
Haeju at a later date as part of a counter-offensive—long after
announcing the successful capture of the city.</p>
<p>American government officials at the time were elated by the outbreak
of the Korean War–Secretary of State Dean Acheson said that “the Korean
War came along and saved us.”</p>
<p>This was because it gave an excuse to prevent major cutbacks in
military spending after World War II, and strike a blow at communist
China, which entered the war in support of the DPRK.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea11.png?resize=696%2C393&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="221">Dean Acheson (right) and President Harry S. Truman plan for war in Korea. [Source: <a href="https://koreanwarlegacy.org/chapters/prewar-context-western/">koreanwarlegacy.org</a>]
<p>Furthermore, the United States military used Korea, like Vietnam
subsequently, as a testing ground for new weapons systems, including
super-bazookas and napalm, or jellied gasoline, which burns the flesh.</p>
<p>The North Korean population also served as guinea pigs for medical
experiments on prisoners of war (POWs), and for techniques of germ
warfare that had been learned from Japanese war criminals who had been
secretly invited to give lectures at the U.S. Army Biological Warfare
Center at Ft. Detrick, Maryland, at the end of World War II.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea12.png?resize=696%2C464&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="261">[Source: <a href="https://whowhatwhy.org/2018/05/14/did-us-deploy-bioweapons-during-korean-war/">whowhatwhy.org</a>]
<blockquote><p>General Douglas MacArthur, who had previously led the war
effort against imperial Japan, stated that as one who had seen as much
“blood and disaster as any living man,” he had never seen such
devastation as that experienced in Korea during the Korean War. “It just
curdled my stomach the last time I was there.” Subsequently MacArthur
referred to the war as “a slaughter never heard of in the history of
mankind.”</p></blockquote>
<p>According to the Truth Commission that was established decades after
the war ended, South Korean (ROK) troops committed six times more
atrocities than the North Korean People’s Army (KPA). American troops
also torched villages, raped local women, and committed dozens of
massacres, some of which were motivated by pure racial bigotry.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea13.png?resize=696%2C439&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="247">Summary executions carried out by the South Korean army under U.S. oversight at Taejon in the summer of 1950. [Source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo_League_massacre#/media/File:Execution_of_South_Korean_political_prisoners_by_the_South_Korean_military_and_police_at_Daejeon,_South_Korea,_over_several_days_in_July_1950.jpg">wikipedia.org</a>]
<p>A fighter pilot, David Tatum, told <em>Time </em>magazine that “I figured if we had to kill ten civilians to kill one soldier who might later shoot at us, we were justified.”</p>
<p>Retreating American forces destroyed cultural relics such as the
shrine of Mo Ran bon and the Yen Myen Sa temple of the Buddha in
Pyongyang and tortured and mistreated POWs far more systematically than
the North Koreans and Chinese.</p>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea14.png?resize=696%2C525&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="296">Painting of American brutality at the Sinchon Museum of American War Atrocities in North Korea. [Source: <a href="http://peacehistory-usfp.org/korean-war/">peacehistory-usfp.org</a>]
<p>The losses North Korea suffered during the war had few parallels in
history, with conservative estimates placing the death toll at 20
percent of the population. The U.S. Air Force dropped between 635,000
and 698,000 tons of bombs compared to 503,000 tons dropped on the
Japanese empire during the entirety of the Pacific War.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea15.png?resize=696%2C483&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="272">Thatched
huts go up in flames after B-26 bombers unload napalm bombs on a
village near Hanchon, North Korea, on May 10, 1951. [Source: <a href="http://peacehistory-usfp.org/korean-war/">peacehistory-usfp.org</a>]
<p>In November 1950, a single American firebombing raid on the city of
Sinuiju destroyed 2,100 of the 3,017 state and municipal buildings,
6,800 of 11,000 houses, 16 of 17 primary schools, and 15 of 17 places of
worship. Eighty percent of the deaths caused by the bombing were women
and children, with survivors forced to live in underground caves. The
attack was intended to maximize casualties beginning with the use of
incendiaries followed by explosives, and time bombs which prevented
rescue work.</p>
<blockquote><p>General Emmet O’Donnell, the head of the bomber command
in Asia who formerly oversaw the firebombing of Tokyo, testified that
within three months of the war’s outbreak “almost all of the Korean
peninsula was just a terrible mess”; as a result of the air campaign
“almost everything is destroyed. There is nothing standing worthy of the
name.”</p></blockquote>
<p>In 1953, the U.S. Air Force targeted crucial Yalu river irrigation
dams–flooding whole towns and destroying the DPRK’s rice crop which the
already malnourished population needed to subsist. One report stated
that “the westerner can little conceive the awesome meaning which the
loss of this staple commodity has for the Asian–starvation and slow
death.” These comments epitomize the horrible human consequences of the
Korean War, which ended in stalemate with the country permanently
divided at the 38<sup>th</sup> parallel.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea16.png?resize=696%2C405&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="228">Scene of devastation from the Korean War. [Source: <a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/03/why-do-north-koreans-hate-us-one-reason-they-remember-the-korean-war/">theintercept.com</a>]
<p>Afterwards, General MacArthur and other military commanders
acknowledged that they had underestimated the fighting capabilities of
the Chinese and North Koreans whom MacArthur described as “a tough
opponent, well led.”</p>
<p>Today, North Koreans consider the Great Fatherland Liberation War a
victory, which solidified the legitimacy of the Kim dynasty. In the
U.S., by contrast, the Korean War is little commemorated or talked
about—largely because it contradicts the nation’s righteous
self-conception.</p>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea17.png?resize=696%2C464&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="261">Monument in Pyongyang commemorating Great Fatherland Liberation War. [Source: <a href="https://www.uritours.com/blog/sights/victorious-fatherland-liberation-war-museum/">uritours.com</a>]
<h2><strong>The War Continues</strong></h2>
<p>After the Korean War ended, U.S. intelligence reports indicated that
the Rhee government was actively contemplating launching another attack
on the North and had threatened use of the hydrogen bomb.</p>
<p>The Eisenhower administration’s Korea policy under NSC 5702/2, dated
August 9, 1957, allowed U.S. forces to provide support for a unilateral
ROK military initiative against the DPRK.</p>
<p>By January 1958, the U.S. had stationed approximately 150 nuclear
warheads across four different weapons platforms in the ROK, which
stimulated development of the North’s own nuclear program through
collaboration with the Soviet Union.</p>
<p>Tensions boiled over in January 1968 when the KPA captured a U.S.
Navy surveillance warship, the U.S.S. Pueblo—allegedly in coordination
with the Vietminh who just seven days later launched the Tet offensive
against U.S. forces in South Vietnam.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea18.png?resize=696%2C368&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="207">[Source: <a href="http://www.usspueblo.org/">usspueblo.org</a>]
<p>Cables since declassified show that the Pentagon was ready to use
nuclear weapons to force Pyongyang to comply with American demands over
the incident—much as threats to use them had helped to facilitate
favorable terms to the Korean War armistice.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea19.png?resize=696%2C342&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="193">Captured U.S. officers from the U.S.S. Pueblo. [Source: <a href="https://www.npr.org/2018/01/23/580076540/looking-at-the-saga-of-the-uss-pueblo-50-years-later">npr.org</a>]
<blockquote><p>In April 1959, when a U.S. Navy aircraft was shot down
over the Sea of Japan by North Korean MiG-21 fighters after it had
penetrated North Korean airspace, President Richard Nixon in a state of
inebriation gave authorization for a nuclear attack that, according to
CIA agent George Carver, the military took seriously.</p></blockquote>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea20.png?resize=696%2C503&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="283">[Source: <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/">washingtonpost.com</a>]
<p>Luckily, cooler heads prevailed, though a tense military standoff endured in which the threat of nuclear war remained high.</p>
<h2><strong>Proxy Wars</strong></h2>
<p>Besides enhancing the threat of nuclear Armageddon, the U.S.-North
Korean conflict resulted in proxy wars like in Vietnam, where North
Korea dispatched pilots to fly air defense missions for the Vietnam
People’s Air Force. Fourteen North Korean pilots were killed.</p>
<blockquote><p>Former Vietnamese deputy defense minister and former
Vietnam War pilot, Tran Hanh, stated: “we found [the North Korean
pilots] to be very brave. Their national pride was so high…they feared
nothing, even death.”</p></blockquote>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea21.png?resize=696%2C366&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="206">North Korean pilots who helped defend Vietnam from U.S. aerial attacks. [Source: <a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/north-korean-pilots-the-skies-over-vietnam">wilsoncenter.org]</a>
<p>Kim Il-Sung reportedly stressed the importance of assisting the
Vietnamese struggle in a 1965 meeting with a visiting Chinese
delegation. He stated: “If the American imperialists fail in Vietnam,
then they will collapse in Asia …We are supporting Vietnam as if it were
our own war. When Vietnam has a request, we will disrupt our own plans
in order to try and meet their demands.”</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea22.png?resize=696%2C363&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="204">Kim Il-Sung (right) and Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh. [Source: <a href="https://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/">nknews.org</a>]
<p>A number of reports indicate that KPA forces participated in ground
battles alongside Vietcong insurgents and that KPA psychological warfare
specialists aided the Vietminh. President Kim Il-Sung stressed the
importance of fortifications in his discussion with the Vietminh
leadership, and instructed them to dig caves and place factories half
inside.</p>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea23.png?resize=696%2C445&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="251">North Korean psychological warfare teams in South Vietnam. [Source: <a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/north-korean-psychological-warfare-operations-south-vietnam">wilsoncenter.org</a>]
<p>Besides the Vietnamese struggle, Kim Il-Sung provided economic and
military support to Egypt following the 1967 Six-Day War and during the
1973 Yom Kippur War with Israel, which the United States was heavily
supporting.</p>
<p>Also in the late 1970s, Kim’s regime dispatched 1,500 personnel to
train and advise the Cuban-backed People’s Movement for the Liberation
of Angola (MPLA), which fought against U.S. proxies allied with
apartheid South Africa, and supported the African National Congress
(ANC) and South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) liberation
forces in Namibia, and Robert Mugabe’s government in Zimbabwe, which was
a target of U.S. sanctions.</p>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea24.png?resize=696%2C510&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="287">Kim Il-Sung with SWAPO delegation in Namibia. [Source: <a href="https://www.asiabyafrica.com/point-a-to-a/north-korea-africa">asiabyafrica.com</a>]
<p>In 1982, North Korea contributed to Lebanon’s defense after it was
invaded by Israel with U.S. backing, and assisted Hezbollah in
constructing an underground armory, bunker and communications network
that proved decisive in thwarting Israeli war aims in the 2006
Israeli-Hezbollah War.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea25.png?resize=696%2C520&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="293">Kim Il-Sung and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasser Arafat. [Source: <a href="https://thesanghakommune.org/2017/12/08/when-north-koreas-military-successfully-fought-zionist-israel-1973/">thesanghakommune.com</a>]
<p>Since that time, North Korea has assisted Iran and Libya—before the
2011 overthrow of Muammar Qaddafi—to develop a nuclear deterrent, and
dispatched Special Forces units to Syria to engage jihadi forces backed
by the U.S. during its war to topple Bashar al-Assad.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea26.png?resize=696%2C436&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="246">North Korean Foreign Minister Ri Yong-Ho meets with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad on December 4, 2018, in Damascus. [Source: <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/north-korean-fm-says-his-country-and-syria-face-same-enemy/">timesofisrael.com</a>]
<p>The above policies place in context the unremitting U.S. hostility
toward North Korea, and plans for regime change, which are designed to
remove a principal supporter of Washington’s global adversaries.</p>
<h2><strong>North vs. South</strong></h2>
<p>The U.S. first imposed sanctions on North Korea during the Korean War
and then expanded them in the 1980s, with the goal of completely
isolating North Korea from the world economy.</p>
<p>The DPRK nevertheless remained a strong economic performer compared
to other socialist bloc countries throughout the Cold War. This was in
part because of the high technical levels of education, even in rural
areas, and construction of amazing hydroelectric dams and the deepest
underground public railway system in the world, which benefited from
DPRK’s experience building underground defenses during the Korean War.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea27-1.png?resize=696%2C464&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="261">Built in the 1970s, the Pyongyang metro is one of the deepest in the world at 360 feet underground. [Source: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang_Metro">wikipedia.org</a>]
<p>While the DPRK quickly rebuilt its infrastructure after the war,
South Korea remained one of the poorest countries in the world until
Syngman Rhee was forced out of power by student-led demonstrations in
1960.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea28.png?resize=696%2C497&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="280">Student protests that led to Syngman Rhee’s ouster in 1960. [Source: <a href="https://libcom.org/history/1960-south-korean-student-protests">libcom.org</a>]
<p>Under Rhee, 24% of ROK’s Gross National Product (GNP) relied on
prostitution that serviced U.S. soldiers who continued to occupy the
country. Kim Ae Ran, a 58-year-old former prostitute, said in 2009 that
“our government was one big pimp for the U.S. military.”</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea29.png?resize=680%2C810&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="329" height="392">Comfort women in South Korea for the U.S. military. [Source: <a href="https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Prostitutes_in_South_Korea_for_the_U.S._military">military.wikia.org</a>]
<p>The South’s economy began to boom in the 1970s under General Park
Chung Hee, who provided more adept economic management than Rhee, and
benefited from massive injections of Japanese capital.</p>
<blockquote><p>The former Director of South Korea’s Central Intelligence
Agency (KCIA), Brigadier General Kim Hyong-Uk, testified to the U.S.
Congress in 1977, nevertheless, that it was the North Korean population
which “most likely feels less deprived than their southern
counterparts,” because there were “no visible gaps between the haves and
have-nots [in North Korea].”</p></blockquote>
<p>These comments help explain the continued viability of the Kim
dynasty in a period when the North’s economic output was being eclipsed.</p>
<h2><strong>Surviving the 1990s</strong></h2>
<p>The 1990s were a particularly trying decade for the DPRK. In 1994,
Kim Il-Sung died, and was replaced by his son, Kim Jong-Il. The DPRK had
recently lost many of its key trading partners with the collapse of the
socialist bloc.</p>
<p>To add insult to injury, the country suffered a series of natural
disasters, including devastating floods in the breadbasket provinces in
the south and west, which destroyed 1.5 million tons of grain reserves
that had been stored underground. As well, 85% of the country’s power
generating capacity was lost and around 5.4 million people lost their
homes.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea30.png?resize=696%2C522&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="294">Propaganda poster depicting Kim Jong-Il’s leadership during the arduous march. [Source: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrmH6bAAFj0">youtube.com</a>]
<p>Under normal circumstances, the international community would have
intervened to alleviate the humanitarian crisis known in North Korea as
the “arduous march.”</p>
<p>Rather, however, the Clinton administration pushed for the ratcheting
up of economic sanctions and blocked oil from coming into the country
in an attempt to sow discontent and facilitate regime change.</p>
<img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea31.png?resize=696%2C607&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="342">Clinton
was the first President to meet with a North Korean official since the
end of the Korean War but adopted a cruel policy that was designed to
starve the country’s people into submission. [Source: <a href="https://www.38north.org/2010/11/jomyongrok_chinoy/">38north.org</a>]
<p>CIA agents stationed on the Chinese border offered desperate farmers a
bag of rice for cow’s tails in an attempt to further ruin North Korea’s
agricultural economy. Without oil or electricity and the use of
tractors, cows were being used to plough the local fields, and so their
removal was designed to induce starvation.</p>
<h2><strong>Deadly Geopolitical Game</strong></h2>
<p>The North Korean people had long been pawns in a deadly geopolitical
game in which all measures of cruelty were adopted. A parallel was with
Iraq, where sanctions designed to undermine Saddam Hussein’s regime led
to the deaths of at least 500,000 children.</p>
<p>In the North Korean case, UNICEF and the World Food Program were
prevented from providing vitamin A supplementation to children, which
resulted in the deaths of at least 2,772 of them.</p>
<p>The impact of the sanctions on medical equipment related to
reproductive health was estimated to have killed 72 pregnant women and
1,200 infants in the late 2010s.</p>
<p>The imperative of North Korea’s developing a nuclear deterrent in the
face of the sanctions and America’s regime change efforts was
recognized by top U.S. officials such as James Clapper, the director of
national intelligence under Barack Obama. He referred to the North
Korean nuclear program as “their ticket to survival.”</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea32.png?resize=696%2C463&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="261">Kim Jong-Un inspects nuclear ballistic missile, Hwasong-14, on July 4, 2017. [Source: <a href="https://www.nhpr.org/post/how-did-north-korea-get-nuclear-weapons#stream/0">nhpr.org</a>]
<p>In June 1994, the Clinton administration nearly went to war over
North Korea’s nuclear program. The crisis started when Kim Il-Sung’s
government refused an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) request
to inspect its nuclear facility at Yongbyon because they felt they were
being singled out and that the inspection teams would be infiltrated by
intelligence agents.</p>
<p>After the U.S. threatened a preemptive military strike, former
President Jimmy Carter traveled to Pyongyang, met with Kim, and brokered
an agreement in which the DPRK agreed to freeze its nuclear program in
return for new nuclear reactors that did not produce weapons-grade
plutonium along with oil to help meet its energy needs.</p>
<p>Selig S. Harrison, a State Department official who played an
important role in the negotiations, later asserted that, while North
Korea had lived up to its end of the bargain and ceased operating the
Yongbyon reactor, the Clinton administration failed to adhere to its own
commitments, notably by failing to remove economic sanctions which the
North saw as crucial to solving its economic problems, especially its
food shortage. The Clinton administration further failed to provide
promised oil deliveries or fund light water reactors.<a>[2]</a></p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea33.png?resize=696%2C576&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="324">Jimmy
Carter with Kim Il-Sung in Pyongyang in June 1994. Carter helped broker
a deal in which the North Koreans agreed to halt their nuclear program,
though the U.S. did not follow through on its promises. [Source: <a href="https://nationalpost.com/news/world/us-foresaw-a-costly-victory-in-war-with-nkorea-in-1994">nationalpost.com</a>]
<p>Having lost complete trust in the U.S. by this point, North Korea
pulled out of the nuclear agreement in 2002 and accelerated its
development of a nuclear weapon.</p>
<h2><strong>From the Axis of Evil to Trump</strong></h2>
<p>The George W. Bush administration poured gasoline on the fire when it
designated North Korea as part of its “Axis of Evil,” along with Iraq,
Iran, and other alleged state sponsors of terrorism.</p>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea34.png?resize=696%2C833&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="328" height="392">[Source: <a href="https://usrussiarelations.org/2/timeline/after-the-fall/77">usrussianrelations.org</a>]
<blockquote><p>The U.S. Congressional Research Service’s East Asia
specialist, Larry Niksch, wrote at the time that “regime change in North
Korea [was] the Bush administration’s main policy objective,” which was
to be achieved through renewed economic pressure through sanctions and
interdiction of Korean shipping lanes intended to provoke a collapse of
government and, if this failed, Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld was
considering a “broader plan for massive strikes against multiple
targets.”</p></blockquote>
<img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea35.png?resize=600%2C400&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="261">President Obama peers into North Korea from what he called “freedom’s frontier” on March 25, 2012. [Source: <a href="https://apjjf.org/2014/12/52/Christine-Hong/4244.html">apjjf.org]</a>
<p>After a brief thaw in Bush’s second term, the Obama administration
renewed a hard-line approach, increasing economic pressure and
informational war, and launching cyber-attacks—the Stuxnet worm–on the
DPRK’s nuclear infrastructure.</p>
<p>Obama’s liberal base largely supported these policies alongside
conservatives because they had been conditioned to think of the U.S. as
fighting a good fight against an evil Asian communist regime.</p>
<div><img src="https://i1.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea36.png?resize=277%2C375&ssl=1" alt="" width="277" height="375">Media demonization lends support to U.S. regime change operations. [Source: <a href="https://www.spokesman.com/blogs/hbo/2017/apr/20/kim-jong-il/">spokesman.com</a>]</div>
<p>For years, the mainstream media had demonized North Korea and
broadcast stories of North Korean defectors, who were paid for promoting
disinformation about the DPRK.</p>
<p>In 2017, Kim Jong-Un was condemned for assassinating his
half-brother, Kim Jong-Nam, at the Kuala Lampur International Airport in
Malaysia, though a Malaysian investigation did not find any proof that
Kim Jong-Un was involved. The North Korean security services were
subsequently accused of torturing to death an American college student,
Otto Wambier, though proof was again absent.</p>
<blockquote><p>Secretary of State Madeleine Albright indicated that she
had been seriously misinformed by anti-North Korean propaganda and
prejudice when visiting Pyongyang in 2000, stating that she had been
briefed on what kind of weirdo Kim Jong-Il was, but found him to be
well-prepared for their meeting, charming, smart, technically adept with
regards to military matters, and well informed.</p></blockquote>
<p>The public’s stereotypical views about North Korea were reflected in the 2014 Hollywood film, <em>The Interview</em>,
Sony’s top-grossing digital release, which adopted “racist images and
tropes,” according to one reviewer, and celebrated the gory execution of
North Korea’s caricatured leader.</p>
<p>Producer and star Seth Rogen admitted that he and other producers had
made relationships with “certain people who work in the government as
consultants whom I’m convinced are in the CIA.” The film was very
clearly part of a long-standing propaganda campaign that had succeeded
beyond its architects’ wildest dreams.</p>
<p>On the two occasions (2018 and 2019) when Donald Trump met with DPRK
leader Kim Jong-Un, he was widely ridiculed—Hillary Clinton referred to
his moves toward a deal with Pyongyang as “putting lipstick on a pig.”
Forced to back off further diplomatic overtures, Trump tried to gain
leverage over North Korea by pressuring China—a doomed strategy because
the Sino-North Korean relationship was not a neocolonial one where
Beijing dominated Pyongyang.</p>
<img src="https://i0.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/NorthKorea38.png?resize=696%2C391&ssl=1" alt="" style="margin-right: 25px;" width="392" height="220">Trump meets with Kim Jong-Un in the demilitarized zone bordering the two Koreas in June 2019. [Source: <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/30/trump-met-with-north-koreas-kim-jong-un-in-the-demilitarized-zone----here-are-the-photos.html">cnbc.com</a>]
<p>Abrams’ book is most significant in helping readers to understand the
DPRK’s long staying power and in debunking media stereotypes, which
have helped validate aggressive regime-change policies.</p>
<p>As much as Americans think that the North Koreans are crazy, North
Koreans have far more grounds for believing that the reverse holds true.</p>
<p>They are the ones holding the upper moral hand in a conflict that was started by the United States and needs to be ended by it.</p>
<div><img src="https://i2.wp.com/covertactionmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/CAM-5.jpg?resize=30%2C20&ssl=1" alt="" width="30" height="20"></div>
<hr>
<p><strong><a href="https://covertactionmagazine.com/author/jeremykuzmarov/">Jeremy Kuzmarov</a></strong> is managing editor of <em>CovertAction Magazine</em> and author of four books on U.S. foreign policy, as well as an extended essay on the Korean War called <a href="http://peacehistory-usfp.org/korean-war/">“Barbarism Unleashed.”</a></p>
<hr>
<p><a>[1]</a> Joby Warrick, Ellen Nakashima, and Anna Fifield, “North Korea now making missile-ready nuclear weapons, U.S. analysts say,” <em>Washington Post, </em>August 8, 2017; Jeffrey Lewis, “The Game Is Over, and North Korea Has Won,” <em>Foreign Policy, </em>August 9, 2017.</p>
<p><a>[2]</a>
The U.S. claimed that North Korea violated the agreement by
proliferating missile and nuclear technology to Iran, Pakistan, and
Syria, and in 1998 North Korea began to test three-stage rockets in an
attempt to build its long-range ballistic missile capability.</p><hr><p id="gmail-block-e8ee8eef-59bb-4766-8473-48785f70e5ea"><strong>Republishing:</strong><em> CovertAction Magazine</em>
(CAM) grants permission to cross-post CAM articles on not-for-profit
community internet sites as long as the source is acknowledged together
with a hyperlink to the original <em>CoverAction Magazine</em> article. Also, kindly let us know at <a href="mailto:info@CovertActionMagazine.com">info@CovertActionMagazine.com</a>. For publication of CAM articles in print or other forms including commercial internet sites, contact: <a href="mailto:info@CovertActionMagazine.com">info@CovertActionMagazine.com</a>.</p>
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