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                                        valign="top"><strong><span
                                            style="font-size:20px"><span
                                              style="color:#ba2025"><span
style="font-family:lato,helvetica neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">It Is
                                                Late, but It Is Early
                                                Morning If We Insist a
                                                Little: <font size="-2"><br>
                                                  The Thirty-Third
                                                  Newsletter (2020) -
                                                  August 13, 2020</font></span></span></span></strong>
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                                        150%;text-align: left;"
                                        valign="top"> <br>
                                        <span
                                          style="font-family:lato,helvetica
neue,helvetica,arial,sans-serif">
                                          <div id="attachment_25957"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25957"
                                              class="size-full
                                              wp-image-25957
                                              img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Jamil-Molaeb-Lebanon-Untitled-October-2019-3.jpg"
                                              alt="Jamil Molaeb
                                              (Lebanon), Untitled,
                                              October 2019."
srcset="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Jamil-Molaeb-Lebanon-Untitled-October-2019-3.jpg
                                              950w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Jamil-Molaeb-Lebanon-Untitled-October-2019-3-300x226.jpg
                                              300w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Jamil-Molaeb-Lebanon-Untitled-October-2019-3-768x578.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-25957"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #e06d02;">Jamil
                                                Molaeb (Lebanon), <i>Untitled</i>,
                                                October 2019.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Dear
                                            friends,</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Greetings
                                            from the desk of the <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=b85ffd19ee&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><b>Tricontinental:
                                                Institute for Social
                                                Research</b></a>.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Nothing
                                            happens in Beirut and
                                            Lebanon that is transparent;
                                            plots of all kinds unravel
                                            against the ordinary hopes
                                            of the population. After the
                                            deadly explosion, it was
                                            impossible to imagine that
                                            the most reasonable
                                            explanation would be
                                            accepted. Rumours flew
                                            around, except the rumours
                                            did not have their impact.
                                            It was clear to the people
                                            that this time – unlike so
                                            many times previously – it
                                            was their own political
                                            system that had to be held
                                            accountable for the enormous
                                            explosion, which came in the
                                            midst of a pandemic, a
                                            currency and economic
                                            crisis, and a long-standing
                                            and unresolved political
                                            quagmire.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">From
                                            Tricontinental: Institute
                                            for Social Research comes <span
                                              style="color: #ba2025;"><a
                                                style="color:
                                                #ba2025;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                                100%;font-weight:
                                                normal;text-decoration:
                                                underline;"
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=994ec53b3f&e=d206d0a40d"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">Red
                                                Alert no. 8: The
                                                Explosion in Beirut.</a></span>
                                            This red alert has been put
                                            together by organisations
                                            and people from Lebanon, for
                                            whose input we are grateful.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"><img
                                              class="aligncenter
                                              size-full wp-image-25892
                                              img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200122_Red-Alert-Cards_EN_TT.jpg"
                                              alt=""
srcset="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200122_Red-Alert-Cards_EN_TT.jpg
                                              1200w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200122_Red-Alert-Cards_EN_TT-300x158.jpg
                                              300w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200122_Red-Alert-Cards_EN_TT-1024x538.jpg
                                              1024w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200122_Red-Alert-Cards_EN_TT-768x403.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              1200px) 100vw, 1200px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="1200" border="0"></p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <h2 style="text-align:
                                            center;display:
                                            block;margin: 0;padding:
                                            0;color:
                                            #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            22px;font-style:
                                            normal;font-weight:
                                            bold;line-height:
                                            125%;letter-spacing:
                                            normal;"><span style="color:
                                              #ba2025;"><strong>Red
                                                Alert: The Explosion in
                                                Beirut</strong></span></h2>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">In
                                            the early evening of August
                                            4, a fire broke out in
                                            Warehouse 12 at the Port of
                                            Beirut, the capital of
                                            Lebanon (population 6.8
                                            million, including over a
                                            million refugees). An
                                            enormous plume of smoke rose
                                            from the fire, which was
                                            then overshadowed by an
                                            explosion whose powerful
                                            force tore outwards and
                                            shattered parts of Beirut.
                                            The port was immediately
                                            levelled; the pressure wave
                                            reached around 15 kilometres
                                            in all directions. At least
                                            70,000 homes have been
                                            damaged, some no longer
                                            inhabitable; at least 160
                                            people were killed; 5,000
                                            people were injured; unknown
                                            numbers still missing; two
                                            hospitals were destroyed.
                                            This is the largest
                                            explosion ever experienced
                                            in Lebanon, despite its
                                            history of French
                                            colonialization, US
                                            interventions, Israeli
                                            attacks and occupations, and
                                            its 15-year civil war.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <h3 style="display:
                                            block;margin: 0;padding:
                                            0;color:
                                            #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            20px;font-style:
                                            normal;font-weight:
                                            bold;line-height:
                                            125%;letter-spacing:
                                            normal;text-align: left;"><span
                                              style="color: #ba2025;"><strong>What
                                                happened?</strong></span></h3>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">It
                                            did not take long for the
                                            evidence to appear that what
                                            had exploded was not a ship
                                            with weapons or fireworks or
                                            a missile, but a building
                                            that housed 2,750 tonnes of
                                            ammonium nitrate, which had
                                            been stored negligently in a
                                            port warehouse since
                                            November 2013.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Ammonium
                                            nitrate is a flammable
                                            chemical that is used in
                                            fertiliser, explosives, and
                                            rocket fuel. In 2013, the MV
                                            Rhosus, a Moldovan-flagged
                                            cargo ship, arrived in
                                            Beirut with this cargo; the
                                            ship was headed to Beira
                                            (Mozambique). Port officials
                                            impounded the ship, which
                                            was not seaworthy, and
                                            impounded what they called
                                            the ‘dangerous cargo’. Six
                                            times between 2014 and 2017,
                                            the customs officials asked
                                            the judge of urgent matters
                                            in Beirut for guidance on
                                            how to sell or dispose of
                                            the cargo. It is likely that
                                            the ammonium nitrate had
                                            arrived in the form of
                                            Nitroprill, which is a
                                            blasting agent used in coal
                                            mines. Even a small fire can
                                            cause the ammonium nitrate
                                            to explode catastrophically.
                                            Fireworks were also stored
                                            in the same warehouse. More
                                            than 19 officials have been
                                            arrested, including the
                                            director of the Port of
                                            Beirut and the customs
                                            director. An investigation
                                            is underway.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <div id="attachment_25967"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25967"
                                              class="size-full
                                              wp-image-25967
                                              img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Paul-Guiragossian-Lebanon-La-Grande-Marche-1987.-2.jpg"
                                              alt="Paul Guiragossian
                                              (Lebanon), La Grande
                                              Marche (1987)."
srcset="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Paul-Guiragossian-Lebanon-La-Grande-Marche-1987.-2.jpg
                                              950w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Paul-Guiragossian-Lebanon-La-Grande-Marche-1987.-2-300x198.jpg
                                              300w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Paul-Guiragossian-Lebanon-La-Grande-Marche-1987.-2-768x508.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-25967"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #e06d02;">Paul
                                                Guiragossian (Lebanon),
                                                <i>La Grande Marche</i>
                                                (1987).</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <h3 style="display:
                                            block;margin: 0;padding:
                                            0;color:
                                            #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            20px;font-style:
                                            normal;font-weight:
                                            bold;line-height:
                                            125%;letter-spacing:
                                            normal;text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">What
                                                is an accident?</span></strong></h3>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">An
                                            accident is something that
                                            cannot be foreseen, where
                                            there is no human agency
                                            responsible for what has
                                            taken place. The explosion
                                            in Beirut on 4 August was
                                            not an accident. The highly
                                            flammable cargo was held in
                                            a warehouse for over six
                                            years; this warehouse, in
                                            Beirut’s port, abuts the
                                            residential neighbourhoods
                                            of Gemmayze and Karantina.
                                            Over the past six years,
                                            customs officials – with
                                            clear political affiliations
                                            – leaked reports about the
                                            danger. The authorities were
                                            aware of the possibility of
                                            an explosion. They did
                                            nothing.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">The
                                            explosion is the cherry on
                                            top of the horrors of a
                                            thirty-year post-civil war
                                            political structure that saw
                                            civil war militia leaders
                                            turn in their fatigues for
                                            business suits. The 1990
                                            Taif Accords meeting to end
                                            the civil war did not hold
                                            anyone accountable. It did
                                            exactly the opposite and
                                            legitimised the sectarian
                                            leadership in the country’s
                                            government; sectarian
                                            warlords of the civil war
                                            became the custodians of the
                                            state they destroyed. A
                                            corrupt political class has
                                            enriched itself while
                                            defunding schools,
                                            hospitals, and all public
                                            services; they turned these
                                            services into clientelist
                                            vehicles. Furthermore, the
                                            neoliberal order and
                                            reconstruction that was put
                                            in place by former
                                            billionaire prime minister
                                            Rafik Hariri entrenched a
                                            resilient crony capitalist
                                            system which already had its
                                            roots in Lebanon before the
                                            civil war. Hariri’s
                                            reconstruction focused
                                            strictly on attracting and
                                            benefiting from foreign
                                            investments from Gulf
                                            countries to replenish the
                                            lucrative banking sector (in
                                            which most politicians have
                                            direct stakes), rebuild an
                                            exclusive downtown owned by
                                            his corporation, Solidere,
                                            and other corruption-riddled
                                            and non-productive sectors.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">The
                                            deeply rooted clientelist
                                            nature of the Lebanese
                                            sectarian system and its
                                            organic links to foreign
                                            interests further allowed
                                            leaders of sectarian groups
                                            to maintain power. Their
                                            ability to provide basic
                                            services to their followers
                                            using state apparatuses and
                                            resources dwindled as their
                                            greed grew and their
                                            practices went unchecked.
                                            Most importantly, their
                                            ability to protect the
                                            population from disasters
                                            diminished as did their
                                            interest in doing so. The
                                            details of how this ammonium
                                            nitrate ended up in the port
                                            for six years are not as
                                            important as the callous,
                                            dysfunctional, and archaic
                                            Lebanese sectarian system
                                            which has never been able to
                                            hold anyone in power
                                            accountable.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <h3 style="display:
                                            block;margin: 0;padding:
                                            0;color:
                                            #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            20px;font-style:
                                            normal;font-weight:
                                            bold;line-height:
                                            125%;letter-spacing:
                                            normal;text-align: left;"><span
                                              style="color: #ba2025;"><strong>What
                                                will be the economic
                                                consequence?</strong></span></h3>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Although
                                            designated as an
                                            upper-middle-income country,
                                            Lebanon’s previously
                                            existing inequalities and
                                            poverty have been
                                            exacerbated by the Syrian
                                            crisis; the after-effects of
                                            thirty years of political
                                            infighting and related
                                            unsustainable economic
                                            policies; an uprising
                                            against the political class
                                            in October 2019; multiple
                                            Israeli invasions; and now
                                            the pandemic. The Lebanese
                                            lira has lost 80% of its
                                            value since September 2019,
                                            with little hope of any
                                            solution to the liquidity
                                            and credit crisis as well as
                                            the collapse of consumer
                                            demand and the rise of
                                            hyper-inflation. Ironically,
                                            the cash that is expected to
                                            flow into the country as aid
                                            in response to the disaster
                                            would extend the lifeline of
                                            the ruling class and
                                            postpone its inevitable
                                            collapse.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Globally,
                                            Lebanon hosts the highest
                                            number of refugees in
                                            relation to its population
                                            with an estimated 1.5
                                            million refugees from
                                            neighbouring Syria joining
                                            the 200,000 Palestinian
                                            refugees who have been
                                            denied the right to return
                                            to their homeland for
                                            generations. Even prior to
                                            Lebanon’s currently
                                            accelerating financial
                                            disintegration, in 2019
                                            youth unemployment was
                                            estimated at nearly 40%,
                                            while 73% of Syrian
                                            refugees, 65% of
                                            Palestinians, and 27% of the
                                            Lebanese population were
                                            living in poverty. In June
                                            2020, it was estimated that
                                            nearly half of the country’s
                                            population has been pushed
                                            into poverty. Migrant
                                            domestic workers – of whom
                                            there are hundreds of
                                            thousands in the country
                                            living under a legal <i>kafala</i>
                                            system that has been equated
                                            to modern-day slavery – are
                                            suffering even more as their
                                            employers refuse to pay
                                            them; they have no way to
                                            return to their home
                                            countries. The colossal
                                            damage wreaked by the
                                            explosion to homes,
                                            hospitals, organisations,
                                            and businesses – especially
                                            the port through which 80%
                                            of Lebanon’s needed goods
                                            are imported – has pushed
                                            the country over the edge.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Lebanon
                                            used to have one of the most
                                            advanced healthcare systems
                                            in the Arab world. However,
                                            the neoliberal policies of
                                            the Lebanese ruling class
                                            have destroyed the health
                                            system, which has collapsed
                                            in the face of the COVID-19
                                            pandemic. The country has 26
                                            public hospitals and 138
                                            private hospitals; 90% of
                                            its basic medicines and 100%
                                            of its medical equipment are
                                            imported. Medical workers
                                            have protested the lack of
                                            pay; patients cannot be
                                            accommodated in the
                                            hospitals.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">The
                                            destruction of this key port
                                            leaves the country virtually
                                            unable to resupply itself
                                            with food and medicine (the
                                            port at Tripoli can – at
                                            best – accommodate only 40%
                                            of the capacity that used to
                                            come through Beirut); silos
                                            near the explosion which
                                            housed months of supplies of
                                            grain have been destroyed;
                                            government subsidies for
                                            medicine, bread, and gas are
                                            slated to be revoked. The
                                            overall economic damage to
                                            the country is significant –
                                            upwards of $5 billion for a
                                            country with an optimistic
                                            GDP of $56 billion.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <div id="attachment_25977"
                                            class="wp-caption
                                            aligncenter"><img
                                              aria-describedby="caption-attachment-25977"
                                              class="size-full
                                              wp-image-25977
                                              img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Zena-Assi-Lebanon-Beirut-My-City-2010.-1.jpg"
                                              alt="Zena Assi (Lebanon),
                                              Beirut, My City, 2010."
srcset="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Zena-Assi-Lebanon-Beirut-My-City-2010.-1.jpg
                                              950w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Zena-Assi-Lebanon-Beirut-My-City-2010.-1-300x241.jpg
                                              300w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Zena-Assi-Lebanon-Beirut-My-City-2010.-1-768x616.jpg
                                              768w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              950px) 100vw, 950px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="950" border="0">
                                            <p
                                              id="caption-attachment-25977"
                                              class="wp-caption-text"
                                              style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;"><span
                                                style="color: #e06d02;"><a
                                                  style="color:
                                                  #e06d02;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                                  100%;font-weight:
                                                  normal;text-decoration:
                                                  underline;"
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=14f69454fb&e=d206d0a40d"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">Zena
                                                  Assi</a> (Lebanon), <i>Beirut,
                                                  My City</i>, 2010.</span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <h3 style="display:
                                            block;margin: 0;padding:
                                            0;color:
                                            #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            20px;font-style:
                                            normal;font-weight:
                                            bold;line-height:
                                            125%;letter-spacing:
                                            normal;text-align: left;"><strong><span
                                                style="color: #ba2025;">What
                                                will be the political
                                                outcome?</span></strong></h3>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Since
                                            17 October 2019, Lebanon has
                                            witnessed continuous
                                            protests due to corruption
                                            and the deterioration of the
                                            social situation, as well as
                                            economic, environmental, and
                                            political crises. Protests
                                            have taken place over the
                                            past nine months for regular
                                            electricity and water,
                                            accountable institutions
                                            free of corruption, a
                                            reliable judiciary, a secure
                                            currency, as well as a
                                            non-sectarian political and
                                            economic system.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Emanuel
                                            Macron, the President of
                                            France, came to Beirut,
                                            summoned and scolded
                                            political leaders, lectured
                                            them about statesmanship,
                                            and made promises for money
                                            and reform. Meanwhile, not
                                            far away, young people
                                            demanded freedom for
                                            political prisoner George
                                            Ibrahim Abdallah, held in a
                                            French prison; political
                                            considerations have prompted
                                            French authorities to
                                            decline a court ruling for
                                            his release. The French-led
                                            donor’s conference raised
                                            €250 million of emergency
                                            aid for Lebanon, which comes
                                            with strings attached to
                                            deepen dependence on the
                                            International Monetary Fund
                                            and its socio-economic
                                            conditions.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Since
                                            the bombing, it has been
                                            groups of mostly young
                                            people, not government
                                            officials or workers, who
                                            have been cleaning up the
                                            streets and helping people
                                            affected by the bombing from
                                            the working-class
                                            neighbourhoods in Karantina
                                            to the café neighbourhood of
                                            Gemmayze. The political
                                            class lost no time in trying
                                            to capitalise on the
                                            ‘opportunities’ arising from
                                            the explosion, even as
                                            bodies and even survivors
                                            were still being dug out
                                            from the rubble.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">On 8
                                            August, massive street
                                            protests called for
                                            immediate accountability,
                                            including an immediate
                                            investigation with swift
                                            results and the arrest of
                                            senior government officials
                                            responsible for this
                                            catastrophe. Protestors
                                            stormed ministries and other
                                            institutions in a symbolic
                                            act of reclaiming the
                                            country. The state crackdown
                                            has been severe, but it has
                                            not dampened the mood of the
                                            population.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"><img
                                              class="aligncenter
                                              size-full wp-image-25937
                                              img-responsive mcRssImage"
src="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200813_Dom-Pedro-Casaldáliga-1.jpg"
                                              alt=""
srcset="https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200813_Dom-Pedro-Casaldáliga-1.jpg
                                              600w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200813_Dom-Pedro-Casaldáliga-1-300x300.jpg
                                              300w,
https://www.thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/20200813_Dom-Pedro-Casaldáliga-1-150x150.jpg
                                              150w" sizes="(max-width:
                                              600px) 100vw, 600px"
                                              style="max-width:
                                              100%;width:
                                              100%;padding-bottom:
                                              0;display:
                                              inline;vertical-align:
                                              bottom;border: 0;height:
                                              auto;outline:
                                              none;text-decoration:
                                              none;-ms-interpolation-mode:
                                              bicubic;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                                              width="600" border="0"></p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">On 8
                                            August 2020, Bishop Pedro
                                            Casaldáliga Plá <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=342da822a8&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">died</a>
                                            at Santa Casa de Batatais
                                            Hospital in the state of São
                                            Paulo. A Catholic priest
                                            born in Spain, Casaldáliga
                                            was a major force in
                                            liberation theology and a
                                            crucial ally of Brazil’s
                                            indigenous communities. In
                                            1971, he wrote a pastoral
                                            letter, ‘The Church of the
                                            Amazon in conflict with
                                            large landowners and social
                                            marginalisation’, which
                                            attacked the inhumane system
                                            that expressed itself as
                                            genocide against the
                                            indigenous communities in
                                            the Amazon. His great
                                            feeling for humanity was
                                            expressed in his poetry. In
                                            his memory, we share his
                                            poem <i>Nuestra hora</i>,
                                            ‘It is our time’.</p>
                                          <blockquote
                                            style="mso-line-height-rule:
exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;">
                                            <p style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;">It
                                              is late<br>
                                              but it is our time.</p>
                                            <p style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;">It
                                              is late<br>
                                              but it is all the time<br>
                                              that we have on hand<br>
                                              to make the future.</p>
                                            <p style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;">It
                                              is late<br>
                                              but it is us<br>
                                              this late hour</p>
                                            <p style="margin: 10px
                                              0;padding:
                                              0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                              exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                              Helvetica;font-size:
                                              16px;line-height:
                                              150%;text-align: left;">It
                                              is late<br>
                                              but it is early morning<br>
                                              if we insist a little.</p>
                                          </blockquote>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Casaldáliga’s
                                            Brazil is currently in deep
                                            distress, with over 100,000
                                            people killed by COVID-19
                                            and over three million
                                            people infected with the
                                            disease. Trade unions that
                                            represent Brazilian health
                                            workers, as well as
                                            organisations of
                                            Afro-Brazilians and
                                            indigenous communities, have
                                            delivered a lawsuit to the
                                            International Criminal
                                            Court; they charge President
                                            Jair Bolsonaro with crimes
                                            against humanity. Please
                                            read my <a
href="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/click?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=77ed33a18e&e=d206d0a40d"
style="mso-line-height-rule: exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:
                                              100%;color:
                                              #007C89;font-weight:
                                              normal;text-decoration:
                                              underline;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">report</a>
                                            on this crucial court case.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">As
                                            part of the report, I asked
                                            Jhuliana Rodrigues, a nurse
                                            technician at the Hospital
                                            São Vicente in Jundiaí,
                                            about her courage to go to
                                            work in such negligent
                                            conditions. ‘If I don’t
                                            continue working now’,
                                            Jhuliana told me, ‘what
                                            would I do? Health
                                            professionals are chosen and
                                            do their jobs with love,
                                            dedication, care of human
                                            beings. Just as we already
                                            live with multi-resistant
                                            bacteria, COVID-19 will be
                                            with us for a long time’.
                                            Jhuliana and essential
                                            workers across the world
                                            carry forward the courage of
                                            Bishop Pedro Casaldáliga.</p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;"> </p>
                                          <p style="margin: 10px
                                            0;padding:
                                            0;mso-line-height-rule:
                                            exactly;-ms-text-size-adjust:
100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;color: #202020;font-family:
                                            Helvetica;font-size:
                                            16px;line-height:
                                            150%;text-align: left;">Warmly,
                                            Vijay.</p>
                                        </span> </td>
                                    </tr>
                                  </tbody>
                                </table>
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          </tbody>
        </table>
      </center>
      <center> <br>
        <br>
        <br>
        <br>
        <br>
        <br>
        <table id="canspamBarWrapper" style="background-color:
          #FFFFFF;border-top: 1px solid #E5E5E5;border-collapse:
          collapse;mso-table-lspace: 0pt;mso-table-rspace:
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          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td style="padding-top: 20px;padding-bottom:
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                100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;" valign="top"
                align="center"> <br>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <style type="text/css"></style> </center>
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src="https://leftword.us11.list-manage.com/track/open.php?u=6a79324d3b4acfde1e7e546c6&id=10a27c0d93&e=d206d0a40d"
        moz-do-not-send="true" width="1" height="1">
    </div>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
      Freedom Archives
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