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<font size="1"><a href="https://thegrayzone.com/2020/08/02/while-bolivias-coup-regime-lets-its-citizens-die-cuba-has-nearly-defeated-covid-19/">https://thegrayzone.com/2020/08/02/while-bolivias-coup-regime-lets-its-citizens-die-cuba-has-nearly-defeated-covid-19/</a>
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<h1 class="gmail-reader-title">While Bolivia's coup regime lets its citizens die, Cuba has nearly defeated Covid-19<br></h1>
<div class="gmail-credits gmail-reader-credits">Ollie Vargas August 2, 2020<br></div>
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<br><h3>A dispatch from Bolivia shows the staggering human toll of the
military coup, as an incompetent US-backed regime leaves impoverished
citizens to die amid a pandemic. In Cuba, meanwhile, the country’s
socialized system has saved its population from the worst of Covid-19.</h3>
<h3>By Ollie Vargas</h3>
<p><span><strong>Cochabamba, Bolivia</strong> – As Latin America becomes
the new focal point for the devastating spread of Covid-19, Cuba stands
virtually alone in having saved its population from the dramatic health
and societal collapse seen across most of the region. At the other
extreme is Bolivia, where the coup regime is using the trauma of mass
graves and corpses in the streets – the fruits of its own inaction – as
an excuse to ban elections. A close look the divergent results of the
two countries gives an insight into how two opposing ideological models
have shaped the situation that Cuba and Bolivia find themselves in
today. </span></p>
<p><span>The two countries have roughly the same population of about 11
million and were among the last in the region to see their first
imported cases. Covid-19 arrived in Bolivia on March 10th; it hit Cuba
the following day. The similarities end there. </span></p>
<p><span>At the time of writing, Cuba has yet to see a single </span><a href="http://www.granma.cu/cuba-covid-19/2020-06-09/destaca-bruno-rodriguez-enfrentamiento-exitoso-de-cuba-a-la-covid-19"><span>medical</span></a><span> professional or child die from the virus, and has </span><a href="https://twitter.com/MINSAPCuba/status/1287377459416113155"><span>a total </span></a><span>of 2,495 cases. Meanwhile, Bolivia had </span><a href="https://www.minsalud.gob.bo/4430-ministerio-de-salud-reporta-1-825-contagios-nuevos-de-coronavirus-el-60-se-registro-en-la-paz"><span>1,825</span></a><span>
cases of Covid-19 just in the last 24 hours, adding to a staggering
national total of 68,281 infections. Cuba has suffered 87 deaths from
the virus while Bolivia has suffered a whopping 2,535. </span></p>
<p><span>The number of tests carried out is a core component of any
Covid-19 strategy, if those who are presenting symptoms or are carriers
of the virus are not able to access tests, then it makes tracing and
isolating impossible. So far, Cuba, a blockaded country, has carried out
247,203 tests. In Bolivia, where the coup regime has complained that
such tests </span><a href="https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/pais/por-que-bolivia-no-puede-hacer/20200424004413763874.html"><span>are expensive</span></a><span> to acquire, only 134,769 have been carried out. </span></p>
<p><span>This is an extraordinarily low number in comparison not just to
Cuba, but to immediate neighbors like Peru, which has carried out </span><a href="https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/noticias/214384-minsa-casos-confirmados-por-coronavirus-covid-19-ascienden-a-362-087-en-el-peru-comunicado-n-179"><span>2 million</span></a><span> tests. Instead of buying tests, Bolivia’s incompetent government purchased 500 faulty ventilators at inflated prices. This </span><a href="https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-52747870"><span>corruption scandal</span></a><span> forced the country’s Health Minister Marcelo Navajas to resign after just a few miserable weeks on the job.</span></p>
<h3>Socialized public health vs. profiteering and price gouging</h3>
<p><span>The strengths of Cuba’s socialized health system are well known. </span><a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?most_recent_value_desc=true"><span>Figures</span></a><span>
from the World Health Organization show that the island has the highest
doctor-patient ratio in the world, with 8.4 per 1000 of the population,
compared to just 2.6 in the United States. The infant </span><a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.IMRT.IN?most_recent_value_desc=false"><span>mortality rate</span></a><span> in Cuba is 4 per 1000 live births, the same as the UK and Denmark. Meanwhile, the US stands at 6 per 1000. </span></p>
<p><span>These statistics alone are a testament to Cuba’s general
preparedness for the challenges of Covid-19. But beyond its superior
public health system, Cuba’s concrete pandemic prevention strategy has
been far more advanced than that of most around the world.</span></p>
<p><span>Ariana Campero was the former Minister of Health in Evo
Morales’ government between 2015-2018 and served as Bolivian ambassador
in Cuba, where she lives today. She detailed for me the prevention
system that sets Cuba apart from Bolivia and other neoliberal
governments in the region: “Unlike Bolivia, Cuba has had a real plan,
most importantly in its active search for cases through primary
healthcare provision. An example of this is how the nurse assigned to
our neighborhood comes by our house every single day to check that no
one is presenting symptoms or has had contact with anyone who’s been
abroad recently, or any change of circumstance that would expose the
family to Covid-19.” </span></p>
<p><span>While Cuba’s early measures allowed its government to run a
properly functional track and trace operation, the Bolivian coup regime
sat on its hands as Covid-19 inched toward its borders. Don Fitz, a
leading</span><a href="https://monthlyreview.org/product/cuban-health-care/"><span> academic expert</span></a><span> on Cuba’s health system, explained to The Grayzone, “</span><span>The
only reason that Cuba’s tracking system has worked is that the
Coronavirus Plan for Prevention and Control was implemented on March 2,
2020. </span></p>
<p><span>Within four days, it expanded the plan to include taking the
temperature of and possibly isolating infected incoming travelers. These
occurred before Cuba’s first confirmed Covid-19 diagnosis on March 11.
Cuba had its first confirmed Covid-19 fatality by March 22, when there
were thirty-five confirmed cases, almost one thousand patients being
observed in hospitals, and over thirty thousand people under
surveillance at home. The next day it banned the entry of nonresident
foreigners.”</span></p>
<p><span>Conversely, Bolivia has almost no discernible strategy.
Following the coup against Evo Morales in November 2019, Bolivia focused
instead on purging its public sphere of anything that could be remotely
connected to Cuba. The new government formally broke off diplomatic
relations and expelled the 700 Cuban medical professionals stationed
here. </span></p>
<p><span>While Bolivian health ministers once sought to emulate Cuba,
the coup government of Jeanine Añez turned to the private sector and
appointed Marcelo Navajas, an owner of an</span><a href="https://www.aiyellow.com/dr.marcelonavajas/"><span> elite private clinic</span></a><span>
in the upper class south side of La Paz, as health minister just as
Covid-19 cases began to surge. The ideological divergence handicapped
the country as it careened into the current health crisis. </span></p>
<p><span>Before the coup, Cuban doctors were running entire hospitals in
working class urban and rural areas of Bolivia. Today, those clinics
are still </span><a href="https://twitter.com/MintPressNews/status/1214973770940727296"><span>empty</span></a><span>. The government claims to have </span><a href="https://m.facebook.com/RadioKawsachunCoca/photos/a.102539347866277/318548846265325/?type=3&source=48&_ft_=qid.6852178819002586641%3Amf_story_key.1284585138556382%3Agroup_id.194927367522170%3Atop_level_post_id.1284585138556382%3Atl_objid.1284585138556382%3Acontent_owner_id_new.1428663330%3Aoriginal_content_id.318549709598572%3Aoriginal_content_owner_id.102522024534676%3Apage_id.102522024534676%3Asrc.22%3Aphoto_id.318548846265325%3Astory_location.6%3Aattached_story_attachment_style.photo%3Afilter.GroupStoriesByActivityEntQuery%3Atds_flgs.3%3Apage_insights.%7B%22102522024534676%22%3A%7B%22page_id%22%3A102522024534676%2C%22page_id_type%22%3A%22page%22%2C%22actor_id%22%3A1428663330%2C%22attached_story%22%3A%7B%22page_id%22%3A102522024534676%2C%22page_id_type%22%3A%22page%22%2C%22actor_id%22%3A102522024534676%2C%22dm%22%3A%7B%22isShare%22%3A0%2C%22originalPostOwnerID%22%3A0%7D%2C%22psn%22%3A%22EntStatusCreationStory%22%2C%22post_context%22%3A%7B%22object_fbtype%22%3A266%2C%22publish_time%22%3A1595375057%2C%22story_name%22%3A%22EntStatusCreationStory%22%2C%22story_fbid%22%3A%5B318549709598572%5D%7D%2C%22role%22%3A1%2C%22sl%22%3A6%7D%2C%22dm%22%3A%7B%22isShare%22%3A0%2C%22originalPostOwnerID%22%3A0%7D%2C%22psn%22%3A%22EntGroupMallPostCreationStory%22%2C%22role%22%3A1%2C%22sl%22%3A6%2C%22targets%22%3A%5B%7B%22actor_id%22%3A1428663330%2C%22page_id%22%3A102522024534676%2C%22post_id%22%3A318549709598572%2C%22role%22%3A1%2C%22share_id%22%3A0%7D%5D%7D%2C%22194927367522170%22%3A%7B%22page_id%22%3A194927367522170%2C%22page_id_type%22%3A%22group%22%2C%22actor_id%22%3A1428663330%2C%22dm%22%3A%7B%22isShare%22%3A1%2C%22originalPostOwnerID%22%3A318549709598572%7D%2C%22psn%22%3A%22EntGroupMallPostCreationStory%22%2C%22post_context%22%3A%7B%22object_fbtype%22%3A657%2C%22publish_time%22%3A1595383223%2C%22story_name%22%3A%22EntGroupMallPostCreationStory%22%2C%22story_fbid%22%3A%5B1284585138556382%5D%7D%2C%22role%22%3A1%2C%22sl%22%3A6%7D%7D&__tn__=EHH-R"><span>plans to open</span></a><span> one of the clinics in La Paz, but said nothing of the others. I </span><a href="https://twitter.com/MintPressNews/status/1214973770940727296"><span>visited</span></a><span>
a former Cuban clinic in the working class ‘Valle Hermoso’ district in
the city Cochabamba, the establishment was home to 143 Cuban doctors
providing free healthcare to the community. When I visited the area in
January 2020, the gates were locked and the only information was a
handwritten sign reading, “There is no service. There are no doctors.
There are no nurses.” </span></p>
<p><span>Today, more than four months since the start of the pandemic,
the clinic’s gates are still closed. María Rodríguez, Valle Hermoso
resident, </span><a href="https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/cochabamba/20200626/pandemia-complica-atencion-enfermos-otras-patologias"><span>explained</span></a><span>
to local media in June how her husband had been receiving long-standing
treatment for pulmonary fibrosis at that Cuban hospital, but is now
unable to access any service at all since the pandemic hit. “We were
told that it would only be closed for a short time,” Rodríguez said,
“that they just needed to hire new staff. We had to go to the ‘Hospital
del Sur’ to continue with the treatment. It was ok there, but a week ago
when I went, they didn’t even let us in because they said everything is
full…they don’t want to treat him anywhere.”</span></p>
<p><span>The closure of the Cuban clinics is a particularly bitter twist
now that Bolivia’s privately driven health system is falling apart at
the seams. The largest hospital in Cochabamba declared itself </span><a href="https://eju.tv/2020/06/hospital-solomon-klein-de-cochabamba-colapsa-funcionarias-de-la-cocina-dan-positivo-a-covid-19/"><span>‘collapsed’</span></a><span> over a month ago. In neighboring Quillacollo, one doctor spoke anonymously to Kawaschun News, where I am employed, </span><a href="https://twitter.com/KawsachunNews/status/1282713789310394372"><span>revealing</span></a><span>
that though staff hadn’t been paid since March, they are still expected
to perform 24 hour shifts, at times they’ve had to leave dead bodies on
the floor of the hospital without any material with which to wrap them.
As public health is neglected, private clinics are seeking to turn a
profit off the pandemic. Thanks to government </span><a href="https://www.nodal.am/2020/06/bolivia-ministro-de-facto-afirma-que-a-las-clinicas-privadas-les-importa-lucrar-en-tiempos-de-crisis/"><span>inaction</span></a><span>,
clinics are charging Covid-19 patients up to $3000 per night for a
hospital stay, then charging again, at inflated prices, for each
medication used during that stay. </span></p>
<p><span>Where the state has failed, local authorities have done what
they can, but are hamstrung by austerity measures that starved
municipalities of government funding. This is a policy that began after
the coup and before the pandemic. Alvaro Ruiz (MAS), Mayor of Uriondo
and President of the Federation of Municipal Associations (FAM Bolivia)
told The Grayzone, “There are projects in water, health, education that
are now paralyzed because the central government has cut local authority
budgets. We can’t allow our people to go backwards and lose the social
gains made thanks to the work and coordination under Evo Morales”. </span></p>
<p><span>Matilde Campos (MAS), Mayor of Shinahota, in the Chapare
region, echoed Ruiz’s points, complaining the austerity policy has
affected their ability to respond to Covid-19. “As municipalities, we’ve
been abandoned,” the mayor told The Grayzone. “The government doesn’t
have any initiative, they haven’t even bought any ventilators for the
hospitals in this region. Total inefficiency”. </span></p>
<p><span>Rather than holding the new government to account for this
disaster, Bolivia’s corporate media has blamed Cuban doctors and the
country’s pre-existing health system instead. </span></p>
<p><span>Leading the attacks has been Jhanisse Vaca Daza, </span><a href="https://thegrayzone.com/2019/08/29/western-regime-change-operatives-launch-campaign-to-blame-bolivias-evo-morales-for-the-amazon-fires/"><span>US-linked regime change operative</span></a><span> who now has a weekly column in the right-wing newspaper Pagina Siete. She condemned the MAS for praising Cuba, </span><a href="https://www.paginasiete.bo/opinion/2020/4/1/salud-dictaduras-aliados-del-mas-251418.html"><span>commenting</span></a><span>,
“Luis Arce (MAS candidate) asked the central government to accept the
help of Cuban doctors. This follows a long line of praise for the Cuban
health system that should be questioned. If you listen to testimonies of
activists who manage to leave the island, the stories about the lack of
resources in Cuban hospitals are horrendous.”</span></p>
<h3>While Cuba’s biotech sector saves lives, desperate Bolivians turn to natural herbs</h3>
<p><span>In order to suppress the Covid-19 mortality rate, the issue of
medicines is vital. The US economic blockade on Cuba is an obstacle in
accessing imported medicines. However, the island has spent decades
developing a first-rate biotech industry. The state initiative was
launched during Fidel Castro’s period in the presidency, when the Center
for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology was founded to carry out
world leading research. The center was complimented by a wider network
of state-run production that now manufactures the vast majority of the
medications used in the country, as well as 300 products for export. </span></p>
<p><span>The Cuban-made</span><span> Interferon-AlfaB2 has proved to be a
lifesaver. Cuba began producing Interferon in 1981 to combat Dengue
fever. Since then, the drug has come into international demand. Its
effectiveness against coronaviruses was first demonstrated during the
2003 SARS outbreak; it is now being exported by Cuba to 72 countries to
help fight the symptoms of Covid-19. Cuba currently has a mortality rate
of just 3.77 compared to 5.71 throughout Latin America. </span></p>
<p><span>Ariana Campero points to Cuba’s biotech sector as a key to
reducing deaths among those who are hospitalized. “It’s an example of
the futurist vision of Comandante Fidel,” the Bolivian diplomat said.
“This project of producing medicines within Cuba started decades ago.
That futurist vision has helped save countless lives now. Not just with
Interferon, but there’s now another medicine that’s been developed here,
CIGB-258. It’s only very recently been authorised for trial use on
patients in a critical state, but it’s showing very good results. All
these innovative medicines are developed here and follow all WHO
standards and protocols.”</span></p>
<p><span>Despite its contribution to global health, the only factor
impeding further growth in Cuba’s health sector is US sanctions, which </span><a href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/us-sanctions-are-hindering-distribution-cuban-drugs-combating-covid-19/"><span>places innumerable obstacles</span></a><span> to stop commercialization and research. </span></p>
<p><span>In Bolivia, where the US offers full-throated support for the
coup regime, doctors’ associations have become increasingly desperate
about the regime’s failure to provide adequate medications. In the
Amazonian department of Beni, one of the worst affected regions, the
medical college has </span><a href="https://laresistencia.info/medicos-en-beni-piden-antiviral-cubano-interferon-alfa-2b-para-tratar-covid-19/"><span>formally asked</span></a><span> the state to import Interferon Alpha B2, but the request has fallen on deaf ears. </span></p>
<p><span>The medicine shortages have forced desperate Bolivians to turn
to herbs and forgotten ancestral medicine. The primary ingredients used
in these remedies include eucalyptus, ginger, honey and a plant called
Huira Huira. These elements contain medicinal properties and have been
used for generations in rural indigenous communities. Huira Huira can
help with respiratory problems, for instance, and ginger boosts the
immune system.</span></p>
<p><span>However, these solutions are only experiencing a revival
because of the government’s near-total abdication and incompetence.
Leonardo Loza, a union leader in the Tropico of Cochabamba has been
helping to distribute medicinal plants to the communities he represents,
but told The Grayzone he was forced to do so because the central
government has abandoned his community. “I remember these medicines when
I was a child,” Loza told The Grayzone, “but as our people started
rising out of poverty we all began going to the pharmacy and buying
those medications, most of us have forgotten how to even prepare these
remedies. But now we’re forced to learn this again.” </span></p>
<p><span>With the government absent, indigenous unions are inviting
elders with medicinal knowledge to give workshops at local union halls.
One workshop I witnessed in Central Litoral in the Municipality of Villa
Tunari featured instructions on how to make a therapeutic syrup from
ginger, onion, garlic and honey. </span></p>
<p><span>Mayor Matilde Campos is one of a number of local mayors
sponsoring these efforts, but emphasises that they arisen from
necessity: “It’s due to a lack of</span><span> conventional treatments.
Where did the initiative of medicinal plants come from? It has come from
the population, from citizens, and so we’re supporting them as a
municipality because the municipalities are with the people. The
government is with the IMF and the United States.”</span></p>
<p><span>It is not yet clear if these remedies actually produce results
against Covid-19. There are testimonies such as those of 55 year old
David Pascual, a neighbor of mine in the Tropico of Cochabamba, who was
ill with Covid-like symptoms for 35 days. For much of that time he had
very serious respiratory problems and complained that his brain ‘stopped
working’. Unable to find a test, he decided to treat himself with
natural remedies including boiling ginger with Coca Cola. </span></p>
<p><span>When I asked Pascual why he hadn’t gone to a hospital during
such a severe stage of the illness, he replied: “Those (natural)
medicines are the way I was cured of Covid-19. It took a while to work,
but it was worth it. I didn’t go to a doctor or the hospital … I don’t
trust them, I’ve heard lots of stories recently about negligence that
results in deaths and also, they don’t even have any medicine there
anymore. What’s the point of going?”</span></p>
<p><span>David is in good health now and is back at work on his plot of
land, picking coca and mandarins. But his DIY solutions are a far cry
from Cuba’s impressive biotech industry, whose products have undergone </span><a href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-05-treatment-interferon-2b-recovery-covid-patients.html"><span>clinical trials</span></a><span>
in Wuhan and have shown to be effective in strengthening the immune
system and reducing inflammatory proteins that lead to complications in
Covid-19 patients. </span></p>
<h3>“We’re tired, we don’t know what to eat:” A lockdown without government support</h3>
<p><span>The strain on health systems is not the only crisis caused by
the pandemic. As Nash Landesman reported for The Grayzone, total
lockdown measures imposed in many Latin American countries threaten to
starve the masses of workers that subsist off the informal economy,
depending on a day’s labor for basic provisions. </span></p>
<p><span>The economic crisis has already begun for both Cuba and
Bolivia, who have each adopted quarantine measures to varying degrees.
However, there’s a vast difference in how the two nations have
approached the economic question during the last four months. In Cuba,
those under lockdown have been receiving 60% of their salary to help
with the cost of living. </span></p>
<p><span>In contrast, Bolivia’s government has presided over the mass
impoverishment of its own population through a strict implementation of
lockdown, coupled with an almost total absence of any support for the
millions who’ve lost their income. </span></p>
<p><span>Figures from the CELAG think tank </span><a href="https://www.celag.org/encuesta-bolivia-julio-2020/"><span>show </span></a><span>that
38% of Bolivians have lost the entirety of the earnings, while 52% have
lost part of their earnings. Just 8.5% responded that they had not been
affected by the neoliberal-style lockdown policy. </span></p>
<p><span>The only measure the Bolivian coup regime has introduced to
soften the blow is a one-off payment of 500bs (70 USD) for every citizen
over 18 unable to earn a living during the pandemic. Needless to say,
in a country where the minimum wage is over $300 per month, $70 has
hardly been enough to last four months.</span></p>
<p><span>Bolivians have taken to the streets to protest against the
hunger and impoverishment facing the majority of the country. In mid-May
almost every region was gripped by marches that spread from El Alto and
Potosi in the Andes to Cochabamba in the valleys to Yapacani and San
Julian in the Eastern department of Santa Cruz. </span></p>
<p><span>One protester in the working-class district of K’ara K’ara (Cochabamba) </span><a href="https://twitter.com/KawsachunNews/status/1260260825497055232"><span>described</span></a><span>
the desperation that led the community to break quarantine: “We’re
tired, we don’t know what to eat. What we want is to go back to work
immediately. We want to be able to bring home at least a piece of bread
for our children, because the payment this government gave us is
nothing, it’s already run out…the banks (loans) are pressuring us, we
still have to pay for basic services, we still have to pay for water.”</span></p>
<p><span>The pandemic has wrought vast destruction, particularly in
Latin America where health systems have crumbled upon impact. That Cuba
has avoided the scenes of dead bodies lining the streets and collapsed
hospitals is a historic victory for its socialist model. Its approach
has saved countless lives at home while sending 2000 well-trained
doctors abroad to fighting Covid-19 in 28 different countries. </span></p>
<p><span>In Bolivia, meanwhile, where an unelected, US-backed regime has
abandoned the model that Evo Morales employed to lift millions out of
extreme poverty, the bodies continue to pile up.</span></p>
<div><p><br></p><div><p>Ollie Vargas is a Bolivian journalist and writer. He has contributed to teleSUR, Morning Star, and other media outlets.</p></div></div><br>
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