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href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/21/making-america-white-again?fbclid=IwAR0-2BbqwlI43fxavWBxkuhXc6pAQnjZ51UoAhDCogBqJq-wHKN3258THzM">https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/21/making-america-white-again?fbclid=IwAR0-2BbqwlI43fxavWBxkuhXc6pAQnjZ51UoAhDCogBqJq-wHKN3258THzM</a></font>
        <h1 class="reader-title">Making America White Again</h1>
        <div class="credits reader-credits">By Toni Morrison - November
          14, 2016</div>
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                    <p>This <span data-page="page_1"></span>is a
                      serious project. All immigrants to the United
                      States know (and knew) that if they want to become
                      real, authentic Americans they must reduce their
                      fealty to their native country and regard it as
                      secondary, subordinate, in order to emphasize
                      their whiteness. Unlike any nation in Europe, the
                      United States holds whiteness as the unifying
                      force. Here, for many people, the definition of
                      “Americanness” is color.</p>
                    <p>Under slave laws, the necessity for color
                      rankings was obvious, but in America today,
                      post-civil-rights legislation, white people’s
                      conviction of their natural superiority is being
                      lost. Rapidly lost. There are “people of color”
                      everywhere, threatening to erase this
                      long-understood definition of America. And what
                      then? Another black President? A predominantly
                      black Senate? Three black Supreme Court Justices?
                      The threat is frightening.</p>
                    <p>In order to limit the possibility of this
                      untenable change, and restore whiteness to its
                      former status as a marker of national identity, a
                      number of white Americans are sacrificing
                      themselves. They have begun <em>to do things they
                        clearly don’t really want to be doing</em>, and,
                      to do so, they are (1) abandoning their sense of
                      human dignity and (2) risking the appearance of
                      cowardice. Much as they may hate their behavior,
                      and know full well how craven it is, they are
                      willing to kill small children attending Sunday
                      school and slaughter churchgoers who invite a
                      white boy to pray. Embarrassing as the obvious
                      display of cowardice must be, they are willing to
                      set fire to churches, and to start firing in them
                      while the members are at prayer. And, shameful as
                      such demonstrations of weakness are, they are
                      willing to shoot black children in the street.</p>
                    <p>To keep alive the perception of white
                      superiority, these white Americans tuck their
                      heads under cone-shaped hats and American flags
                      and deny themselves the dignity of face-to-face
                      confrontation, training their guns on the unarmed,
                      the innocent, the scared, on subjects who are
                      running away, exposing their unthreatening backs
                      to bullets. Surely, shooting a fleeing man in the
                      back hurts the presumption of white strength? The
                      sad plight of grown white men, crouching beneath
                      their (better) selves, to slaughter the innocent
                      during traffic stops, to push black women’s faces
                      into the dirt, to handcuff black children. Only
                      the frightened would do that. Right?</p>
                    <p>These sacrifices, made by supposedly tough white
                      men, who are prepared to abandon their humanity
                      out of fear of black men and women, suggest the
                      true horror of lost status.</p>
                    <p>It may be hard to feel pity for the men who are
                      making these bizarre sacrifices in the name of
                      white power and supremacy. Personal debasement is
                      not easy for white people (especially for white
                      men), but to retain the conviction of their
                      superiority to others—especially to black
                      people—they are willing to risk contempt, and to
                      be reviled by the mature, the sophisticated, and
                      the strong. If it weren’t so ignorant and pitiful,
                      one could mourn this collapse of dignity in
                      service to an evil cause.</p>
                    <p>The comfort of being “naturally better than,” of
                      not having to struggle or demand civil treatment,
                      is hard to give up. The confidence that you will
                      not be watched in a department store, that you are
                      the preferred customer in high-end
                      restaurants—these social inflections, belonging to
                      whiteness, are greedily relished.</p>
                    <p>So scary are the consequences of a collapse of
                      white privilege that many Americans have flocked
                      to a political platform that supports and
                      translates violence against the defenseless as
                      strength. These people are not so much angry as
                      terrified, with the kind of terror that makes
                      knees tremble.</p>
                    <p>On Election Day, how eagerly so many white
                      voters—both the poorly educated and the well
                      educated—embraced the shame and fear sowed by
                      Donald Trump. The candidate whose company has been
                      sued by the Justice Department for not renting
                      apartments to black people. The candidate who
                      questioned whether Barack Obama was born in the
                      United States, and who seemed to condone the
                      beating of a Black Lives Matter protester at a
                      campaign rally. The candidate who kept black
                      workers off the floors of his casinos. The
                      candidate who is beloved by David Duke and
                      endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan.</p>
                    <p>William Faulkner understood this better than
                      almost any other American writer. In “Absalom,
                      Absalom,” incest is less of a taboo for an
                      upper-class Southern family than acknowledging the
                      one drop of black blood that would clearly soil
                      the family line. Rather than lose its “whiteness”
                      (once again), the family chooses murder. ♦</p>
                    <p><em>This article appears as part of a larger
                        feature, “<a
href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/11/21/aftermath-sixteen-writers-on-trumps-america">Aftermath:
                          Sixteen Writers on Trump’s America</a>,” in
                        the November 21, 2016, issue.</em></p>
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