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          size="-2"><a class="domain reader-domain"
href="https://theintercept.com/2018/07/17/trans-mountain-pipeline-tar-sands-canada-us-kinder-morgan/">https://theintercept.com/2018/07/17/trans-mountain-pipeline-tar-sands-canada-us-kinder-morgan/</a></font>
        <h1 class="reader-title">The U.S. and Canada Are Preparing for a
          New Standing Rock Over the Trans Mountain Tar Sands Pipeline</h1>
        <div class="PostByline-names"><a class="PostByline-link"
            rel="author"
            href="https://theintercept.com/staff/alleenbrown/"><span
              itemprop="name">Alleen Brown</span></a>, <a
            class="PostByline-link" rel="author"
            href="https://theintercept.com/staff/will-parrish/"><span
              itemprop="name">Will Parrish</span></a><span
            class="PostByline-date"><span> - July 17 2018</span></span></div>
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                <p><u>In British Columbia’s</u> southern interior, on
                  unceded land of the Secwepemc Nation, Kanahus Manuel
                  stands alongside a 7-by-12-foot “tiny house” mounted
                  on a trailer. Her uncle screws a two-by-four into a
                  floor panel while her brother-in-law paints a mural on
                  the exterior walls depicting a moose, birds, forests,
                  and rivers — images of the terrain through which the
                  Trans Mountain pipeline expansion will pass, if it can
                  get through the Tiny House Warriors’ roving blockade.
                  The project would place a new pipeline alongside the
                  existing Trans Mountain line, tripling the system’s
                  capacity to 890,000 barrels of tar sands bitumen
                  flowing daily from Alberta through British Columbia to
                  an endpoint outside Vancouver.</p>
                <p>On May 29, the Canadian government announced that it
                  would nationalize the Trans Mountain pipeline to
                  assure the expansion would be built, putting up 4.5
                  billion Canadian dollars ($3.5 billion) to acquire the
                  pipeline and other assets from the Texas-based energy
                  giant Kinder Morgan. The purchase has dramatically
                  raised the stakes of the fight for both the
                  administration of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and
                  pipeline opponents like Manuel.</p>
                <p>Should construction begin as scheduled in August, the
                  Tiny House Warriors expect waves of allies from
                  Indigenous nations inside Canada and beyond to join
                  them as they wheel 10 of the houses into the
                  pipeline’s path. Near the pipeline’s terminus outside
                  Vancouver, members of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation have
                  constructed a traditional “watch house” from which to
                  monitor the progress of construction.</p>
                <p>Resistance to the pipeline is already escalating: On
                  July 3, seven pipeline opponents rappelled from
                  Vancouver’s Ironworkers Memorial Bridge in a daylong
                  blockade of tanker traffic associated with the
                  existing Trans Mountain line. Last week, the Tiny
                  House Warriors wheeled the homes into a provincial
                  park that sits on the site of a historic village near
                  Clearwater, British Columbia, in an assertion of their
                  title to the land. On Saturday, the Royal Canadian
                  Mounted Police singled out and arrested Manuel, whose
                  <a
                    href="https://www.facebook.com/100012060671019/videos/474470766298275/">livestream</a>
                  of the incident has garnered more than 500,000 views
                  on Facebook. She was detained on a charge of “criminal
                  mischief” and released later that day. The struggle
                  against the expansion, Manuel told The Intercept,
                  could become “the Standing Rock of the north.”</p>
                <p style="" class="readability-styled">That’s exactly
                  what law enforcement agencies on both sides of the
                  U.S.-Canada border fear. For more than a year, U.S.
                  and Canadian authorities have been girding for a
                  mobilization comparable to the 2016 resistance in
                  North Dakota, according to law enforcement
                  communications and government reports obtained by The
                  Intercept. In Canada, Trudeau received a Cabinet memo
                  discussing the implications of Standing Rock for Trans
                  Mountain one week after his administration approved
                  the pipeline expansion.</p>
                <p>In Washington state, where a branch of the existing
                  Trans Mountain line feeds processed tar sands bitumen
                  to four refineries along Puget Sound, law enforcement
                  agencies are preparing for the anti-pipeline struggle
                  to spill over to the U.S. side of the border. The
                  sheriff’s office in Whatcom County monitored
                  activists’ plans to travel to British Columbia for a
                  recent Trans Mountain protest, and information
                  collected was shared with U.S. Customs and Border
                  Protection, the Washington State Patrol, and the
                  Washington State Fusion Center. The sheriff’s office
                  has arranged at least two multiagency law enforcement
                  trainings on protest response in the last year and a
                  half.</p>
                <p>The documents underscore the heightened scrutiny and
                  surveillance Indigenous-led movements fighting
                  resource extraction have faced in the wake of the mass
                  mobilization at Standing Rock. The Trans Mountain
                  pipeline is part of a much bigger system whose
                  tendrils reach deep into the United States. Trudeau’s
                  bailout is the latest shot fired in a cross-border
                  battle over the fate of the oil sands, bringing the
                  Canadian fight to a head just as two oil sands
                  pipelines, Enbridge Line 3 and Keystone XL, receive
                  their own key approvals in the U.S. and move closer to
                  construction. Canadian government officials are
                  relying on completion of the three pipelines to
                  convince oil companies to continue expanding tar sands
                  production in Alberta.</p>
                <p>In an era in which the climate crisis is rapidly
                  accelerating and scientists are predicting widespread
                  insecurity should political leaders fail to force a
                  dramatic shift away from fossil fuels, the leaders of
                  two of the world’s wealthiest countries are doubling
                  down on pipeline construction and oil production.
                  Meanwhile, managing the perceived security threat of
                  those who stand in the way has increasingly become a
                  priority for law enforcement.</p>
                <p>“We take it very seriously,” said Manuel, who spent
                  months fighting the Dakota Access pipeline and has
                  long been involved in struggles for Indigenous
                  sovereignty. “We’ve seen so many of our people being
                  wrongfully convicted, being thrown in jail —
                  Indigenous land defenders being criminalized.”</p>
                <p>As with other Indigenous people in British Columbia,
                  the Secwepemc have never relinquished their territory
                  by way of treaty, land sale, or surrender, and they
                  did not consent to the Trans Mountain expansion.
                  “Everything flows from the land,” Manuel said. “If the
                  land is destroyed, we are also destroyed. And that’s
                  why we’ll stand so fiercely in defense of this land.”</p>
                <h3>Canada’s Global Energy Ambitions</h3>
                <p>The Trans Mountain fight can be traced back to 2006,
                  when then-Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper
                  pledged that the country would become a global “energy
                  superpower” akin to Saudi Arabia. At the center of his
                  plan was the development of Alberta’s tar sands,
                  underground reserves of sand, clay, and oil, which has
                  involved laying waste to vast swaths of Canada’s
                  verdant boreal forests. To deliver the high
                  carbon-emitting crude to refineries and markets
                  abroad, energy companies proposed a series of new
                  pipelines, including Trans Mountain, Keystone XL,
                  Enbridge Line 3, Energy East, and Northern Gateway.</p>
                <p>U.S. imports of Canadian oil have more than doubled
                  since 2005, with increased tar sands production
                  driving the bulk of the increase. But, along with a
                  precipitous drop in oil prices, pipeline opposition
                  movements have proved to be a genuine threat to
                  continued tar sands expansion. Two proposed pipelines
                  — Northern Gateway and Energy East — have been killed
                  in the last two years.</p>
                <p>The remaining oil sands pipelines inching toward
                  construction face the promise of massive resistance.
                  After the Obama administration killed Keystone XL in
                  the wake of protests, it was brought back from the
                  dead by newly elected President Donald Trump and
                  received approval from Nebraska’s Public Service
                  Commission to build along an <a
href="https://www.omaha.com/news/nebraska/controversial-keystone-xl-pipeline-route-across-nebraska-is-approved-but/article_58ad0982-cbe1-11e7-8db6-07270bf564b6.html">altered</a>
                  route. Last week, the pipeline company notified the
                  Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of South Dakota that it
                  would begin preparing construction sites. “We will be
                  waiting,” tribal Chairman Harold Frazier replied in a
                  one-line <a
                    href="https://twitter.com/CRSTChairman/status/1017544831566921728">letter</a>. On
                  June 28, Enbridge Line 3 received a <a
href="http://www.startribune.com/state-regulators-approve-certificate-of-need-for-controversial-enbridge-pipeline-project/486845211/">key
                    approval</a> from the Minnesota Public Utilities
                  Commission. “Enbridge and Minnesota have their
                  Standing Rock,” Ojibwe activist Winona LaDuke <a
                    href="https://www.facebook.com/winona.laduke.5/posts/1798304950217435">posted</a>
                  on Facebook.</p>
                <p>And in Canada, Kinder Morgan sparked a national
                  crisis in April when it halted all nonessential
                  spending on the Trans Mountain project pending a
                  guarantee from Trudeau’s government that the pipeline
                  would be completed.</p>
                <p>At issue were “extraordinary political risks”
                  stemming from resistance on the part of British
                  Columbia’s provincial government, the company stated.
                  Half a dozen First Nations had filed legal challenges
                  to the pipeline, arguing that their land and waters
                  would be threatened in areas they never signed over to
                  the Canadian government, and Premier John Horgan <a
href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-oil-britishcolumbia/british-columbia-edges-back-from-ban-on-increased-oil-shipments-idUSKCN1G62ZX">proposed</a>
                  a temporary ban on any increase in tar sands oil <a
href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/bc-attempts-to-cool-alberta-trade-war-by-referring-pipeline-fight-to-courts/article38074486/">shipments</a>
                  out of the province’s ports while a panel studied the
                  potential consequences of a spill. In retaliation for
                  obstructing production, Alberta’s provincial
                  government prepared to cut off gasoline supplies to
                  British Columbia.</p>
                <p>Trudeau, who campaigned on promises of carbon
                  emissions cuts and reconciliation with First Nations,
                  stepped in to buy the project — stating that the
                  pipeline was in the “national interest.”</p>
                <p style="" class="readability-styled">A coalition of
                  Indigenous organizers labeled the purchase a
                  “declaration of war.” “We mean it literally. The
                  military will be called,” Manuel and other organizers
                  wrote in a <a
                    href="https://www.secwepemculecw.org/act-of-war">statement</a>.
                  “It is the national pattern to use criminalization,
                  civil action, and other penalties to repress
                  Indigenous resistance to these policies by bringing to
                  bear the weight of the law and police forces against
                  Indigenous individuals and communities.”
                </p>
                <p>Some boosters of Trans Mountain have also predicted
                  dire consequences for protesters. “There are some
                  people that are going to die in protesting
                  construction of this pipeline. We have to understand
                  that,” David Dodge, a former head of the Bank of
                  Canada who has served as an adviser to the Alberta
                  government on infrastructure projects, <a
href="https://edmontonjournal.com/business/energy/people-are-going-to-die-protesting-trans-mountain-pipeline-former-bank-of-canada-governor">stated</a> recently.</p>
                <p>For the climate, construction of the pipeline could
                  be catastrophic. Numerous analysts have found that
                  continued tar sands expansion is incompatible with
                  efforts to avoid the worst effects of climate change,
                  and the pipeline stands in stark conflict with
                  Canada’s international emissions reduction
                  commitments. A 2016 <a
                    href="http://ceaa-acee.gc.ca/050/documents/p80061/116524E.pdf">report</a>
                  by the Canadian government’s environmental protection
                  agency estimated production and processing of Trans
                  Mountain’s oil would emit 13 to 15 million tons of
                  carbon dioxide a year.</p>
                <p>Asked to comment on opposition to the project,
                  Mackenzie Radan, a spokesperson for Canada’s natural
                  resources minister, told The Intercept that 43
                  Indigenous communities along the Trans Mountain had
                  route signed mutual benefit agreements with Kinder
                  Morgan “worth hundreds of millions of dollars.”
                  However, some leaders from those communities have <a
href="https://news.vice.com/en_ca/article/ne9ayw/why-first-nation-chiefs-sign-trans-mountain-pipeline-deals">underlined</a>
                  that the agreements don’t equal consent so much as
                  lack of resources to put up a fight and perception of
                  the pipeline’s inevitability.</p>
                <p>“This project was subject to the most exhaustive
                  review of any pipeline in Canadian history. Canadians
                  know that the environment and the economy go hand in
                  hand. They know you don’t have to make a choice
                  between growing the economy and protecting the
                  environment,” Radan added. “Together we’re leading the
                  way in the transition to a lower carbon future.”</p>
                <h3>A Threat to the Safety of Property</h3>
                <p>Canadian law enforcement and intelligence agencies
                  have frequently categorized pipeline opponents as
                  extremist, violent, and criminal. The government has
                  focused particularly on Indigenous activists, coining
                  terminology such as “<a
href="https://news.vice.com/en_ca/article/mbxyw8/rcmp-files-say-violent-aboriginal-extremists-are-undermining-pipeline-plans">violent
                    aboriginal extremists</a>.”</p>
                <p>Kanahus Manuel was born into Indigenous political
                  struggles; her father is the late Art Manuel, a
                  well-known activist and intellectual who spent his
                  life fighting for decolonization. She felt called to
                  go to Standing Rock as police repression escalated.
                  Law enforcement and private security agents <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/leaked-documents-reveal-security-firms-counterterrorism-tactics-at-standing-rock-to-defeat-pipeline-insurgencies/">responded
                    to protests</a> with dogs, <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/21/medics-describe-how-police-sprayed-standing-rock-demonstrators-with-tear-gas-and-water-cannons/">pepper
                    spray</a>, rubber bullets, mass arrests, and water
                  hoses sprayed in below-freezing temperatures. Quieter
                  was the sprawling <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2017/06/03/standing-rock-documents-expose-inner-workings-of-surveillance-industrial-complex/">intelligence-gathering
                    operation</a>, which included social media
                  monitoring, <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2017/12/11/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-fbi-informant-red-fawn-fallis/">undercover
                    operatives</a> posing as protesters, <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2017/09/29/standing-rock-dakota-access-pipeline-dapl-no-fly-zone-drones-tigerswan/">aerial
                    videography</a>, and information-sharing that
                  crossed state, federal, and local jurisdictions and
                  included the oil company.</p>
                <p>“Nothing really surprises me when it comes to the
                  colonial government. We’ve seen them work hand in hand
                  with corporations on every issue,” Manuel said. “And
                  it’s never anything new. Each time, it means we have
                  to fight harder.”</p>
                <p>Indeed, the surveillance and police response at
                  Standing Rock was reminiscent of activities in Canada
                  in years prior. In 2014, the Royal Canadian Mounted
                  Police attempted to map out networks of Native
                  protesters under a program called Project SITKA, <a
href="http://aptnnews.ca/2016/11/08/rcmp-intelligence-centre-compiled-list-of-89-indigenous-rights-activists-considered-threats/">according
                    to</a> a <a
href="http://michaeltoledano.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/CSIS_117-2016-47_Project-Sitka.pdf">report</a>
                  obtained by Andrew Crosby and Jeffrey Monaghan, the
                  authors of “Policing Indigenous Movements: Dissent and
                  the Security State.” The police compiled “protester
                  profiles” of 89 individuals identified as posing a
                  “criminal threat” — the report noted that the events
                  most attended by these protesters were those “opposing
                  natural resource development, particularly pipeline
                  and shale gas expansion.”</p>
                <p>Within a week of Trudeau’s November 2016 approval of
                  the Trans Mountain expansion, his Cabinet was
                  preparing him for a crisis on the scale of Standing
                  Rock, a document Crosby obtained via public
                  information request shows. The clerk of the Privy
                  Council, who acts as a deputy to the prime minister,
                  sent a <a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599942-Memo-for-the-Prime-Minister-2016-12-06.html">memo</a>
                  to Trudeau, marked “secret,” titled “Approval Process
                  for the Dakota Access Pipeline.” “Following the recent
                  approval of the TransMountain Expansion Pipeline,” the
                  memo notes, “a number of Indigenous stakeholders have
                  drawn parallels to Standing Rock, indicating that
                  there would be similar protests if TMX goes ahead.”</p>
                <p style="" class="readability-styled">The Canadian
                  Security Intelligence Service distributed its own<a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599938-CSIS-Intelligence-Assessment-2016-12-09.html">
                    assessment of Trans Mountain</a>, also obtained by
                  Crosby, which identified several U.S. developments
                  that had potential to impact Canada’s tar sands
                  ambitions. In a section marked “violent confrontations
                  and resource development,” the document references the
                  ongoing protests at Standing Rock, asserting that
                  “several violent confrontations between law
                  enforcement and pipeline opponents have flared up
                  since September resulting in hundreds of arrests and
                  millions of dollars of damage to corporate equipment.”</p>
                <p>“While we cannot publicly disclose our
                  investigational interests or methodologies, we can say
                  that CSIS’s threat assessment for the energy sector
                  remains constant,” CSIS spokesperson Tahera Mufti told
                  The Intercept in a statement.</p>
                <p>RCMP spokesperson Sgt. Janelle Shoihet told the
                  Intercept, “The RCMP is an impartial party in these
                  demonstrations, meaning that we monitor demonstrations
                  to ensure the safety of everyone and will take action
                  on a case-by-case basis, with a focus on enforcement
                  should there be any criminal activities that pose a
                  threat to the safety of individuals or property.”</p>
                <p>The prime minister’s office forwarded a query about
                  the Privy Council document to Radan, the spokesperson
                  for Canada’s natural resources minister. “The right to
                  peaceful protest is at the foundation of our rights
                  and freedoms in Canada but we expect people to express
                  their views peacefully and in accordance with the
                  law,” Radan said.</p>
                <p>To Monaghan, the focus on criminality is a red
                  herring intended to discredit resistance movements
                  that challenge the interests of the Canadian state.
                  “This has nothing to do with specific criminal
                  activity,” he said. “They might talk about it in terms
                  of TTPs [tactics, techniques, and procedures] or use
                  other jargon, but what worries them is actually that
                  these social movements are being extremely successful
                  at swaying public opinion and asserting Indigenous
                  land claims.”</p>
                <div> <img
src="https://theintercept.imgix.net/wp-uploads/sites/1/2018/07/5-final-1531496422.gif?auto=compress%2Cformat&q=90&w=1024&h=711"
                    alt="5-final-1531496422">
                  <p class="caption">Map: Soohee Cho</p>
                </div>
                <h3>Preparations in the Pacific Northwest</h3>
                <p>If the Trans Mountain expansion is built, giant oil
                  tankers will carry a portion of the oil through the
                  hook-shaped Salish Sea, which separates Washington
                  state and Vancouver Island, and into the Pacific
                  Ocean. The area is home to an iconic pod of orcas,
                  whose <a
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/09/science/orcas-whales-endangered.html">dwindling
                    population</a> has been attributed in part to noisy
                  engines that make locating prey difficult. With the
                  pipeline, tanker traffic through the orcas’ habitat
                  could increase by a factor of seven. From there, some
                  boats may continue to Asia, while others will likely
                  head to California, home of the refineries best
                  equipped to handle the sludgy oil.</p>
                <p>Another portion of the oil could travel via a branch
                  line known as the Puget Sound pipeline, which delivers
                  fuel along a 69-mile route to four refineries in
                  Ferndale and Anacortes, Washington. Financial
                  disclosure documents filed by Kinder Morgan indicate
                  there’s potential for the Puget Sound pipeline’s
                  capacity to be <a
href="https://sedar.com/CheckCode.do;jsessionid=00007X99H_PkEQMbqnTLo1HPuxo:188setvlh">expanded</a>
                  from 240,000 to 500,000 barrels a day. Environmental
                  organizations in Washington have pledged to resist any
                  expanded transport of tar sands oil through the
                  region.</p>
                <p>A May 2017 field analysis <a
href="https://theintercept.com/document/2017/12/11/may-2017-field-analysis-report/">report</a>
                  prepared by the Department of Homeland Security Office
                  of Intelligence Analysis and seven fusion centers,
                  including the one in Washington, set the stage for
                  U.S.-based surveillance in the wake of Trans
                  Mountain’s approval. It singled out construction of
                  the pipeline as a development that could lead to “an
                  increased threat of violence in the coming months from
                  environmental rights extremists against
                  pipeline-related entities in the Midwest and Western
                  United States,” as well as “enhanced sharing of
                  violent TTPs between US and Canadian environmental
                  rights extremists.”</p>
                <p style="" class="readability-styled">On March 8, John
                  Gargett, of the Whatcom County Sheriff’s Office
                  Division of Emergency Management, distributed an
                  article published in the Bellingham Herald<a
href="https://www.bellinghamherald.com/news/state/article204097869.html#storylink=cpy">
                    titled </a>“This Could Be Like Standing Rock,”
                  which described an upcoming protest against Trans
                  Mountain planned in British Columbia. In the<a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599944-Whatcom-County-Sheriff-s-Office-Emails-2018-03-08.html">
                    email</a>, sent to U.S. Customs and Border
                  Protection and sheriff’s department personnel, Gargett
                  wrote, “We should be aware that we do have the Kinder
                  Morgan pipeline, storage and stations here in our
                  county (as well as Skagit) that serve the refineries.”
                </p>
                <p>“The Sheriff’s Office has been tracking the event for
                  a few weeks now,” Lt. Steven Gatterman <a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599944-Whatcom-County-Sheriff-s-Office-Emails-2018-03-08.html">replied</a>,
                  copying the Washington State Patrol. “Several
                  ride-sharing posts have appeared indicating people
                  will be traveling to BC from the Seattle and
                  Bellingham areas,” he added. “The biggest threat to
                  our area may be where these travelers land if they are
                  denied entry into Canada.”</p>
                <p>Twenty sheriff’s deputies and 20 state troopers were
                  designated to respond to any protests that sprung up
                  along the border (none ever did). Gatterman added that
                  the Sheriff’s Crime Analysis Center was searching for
                  “intelligence information.”</p>
                <p>“I find their actions outrageous, but I’m not
                  surprised,” said Jamie Sayegh, a water protector from
                  Bellingham who was part of a group that drove to the
                  protest in British Columbia. “The truth of the matter
                  is that our political system routinely allows
                  corporations to use the government to defend the
                  so-called rights of companies like Kinder Morgan to
                  destroy our lands, our water, our lives, and trample
                  the rights of Indigenous people.”</p>
                <p>Gatterman also zeroed in on a group that had staged
                  an <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2018/01/14/facebook-warrant-pipeline-protest-whatcom-county-justice-department/">anti-pipeline
                    protest</a> in the area in February 2017 that
                  blocked traffic on Interstate 5. The group, Red Line
                  Salish Sea, formerly known as the Bellingham #NoDAPL
                  Coalition, is now organizing against Trans Mountain.
                  Gatterman’s email to state and federal law enforcement
                  inaccurately claimed the group was responsible for
                  vandalism to a Kinder Morgan facility in a neighboring
                  county in 2016. In an interview with The Intercept,
                  Gatterman acknowledged that his note might have been
                  mistaken and the incident he referenced was likely one
                  carried out by a separate group.</p>
                <p>“We are working in solidarity with the tribal groups
                  and their nations that are standing against the
                  destruction of their homelands,” said Michelle
                  Vendiola, a Walker River Paiute tribal member from
                  Washington’s Lummi Reservation and a founder of Red
                  Line Salish Sea. “We have brought people up to British
                  Columbia whenever the call is put out that that’s
                  what’s needed.”</p>
                <p>Vendiola is intimately familiar with Whatcom County
                  law enforcement officials’ monitoring of anti-pipeline
                  activists. Local prosecutors <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2018/01/14/facebook-warrant-pipeline-protest-whatcom-county-justice-department/">obtained</a>
                  a search warrant to collect private information from
                  the Facebook page of the Bellingham #NoDAPL Coalition
                  as part of an investigation into the I-5 blockade that
                  ultimately led to criminal charges against Vendiola
                  and six others.</p>
                <p>“It’s crazy to think about how prepared they are
                  getting to try to quash dissent here in Washington,”
                  Vendiola said.</p>
                <p>As March wore on, law enforcement’s efforts to
                  prepare for large protests continued. An email
                  Gatterman sent a few weeks after the Vancouver-area
                  protests provided <a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599943-Role-Player-Training-2018-03-28.html">instructions
                    for around 50 role players</a> who would pretend to
                  be protesters during a joint training exercise at
                  Whatcom Community College involving around 30 officers
                  from the sheriff’s department and the Washington State
                  Patrol.</p>
                <p>“Some of you will be carrying signs, some of you will
                  be locked together in what is called a ‘sleeping
                  dragon,’” Gatterman wrote. “We are looking for a few
                  role players to dress in all black to simulate an
                  anarchist group. This group also covers their faces
                  with masks or bandanas.”</p>
                <p>Gatterman told The Intercept that the I-5 protest, as
                  well as another road blockade in May 2016 in protest
                  of a Trump rally, had motivated the department’s
                  response to the Trans Mountain mobilization and
                  inspired them to set up the training. He said the
                  sheriff’s office wanted to be sure officers knew how
                  to safely handle techniques like the sleeping dragon,
                  which were used in both protests.</p>
                <p>After the I-5 protest, Gatterman said, his office had
                  also assembled a <a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599939-Draft-Memo-Civil-Disturbance-Team-2017-02-27.html">special
                    team</a> to manage public demonstrations and had
                  requested that the Federal Emergency Management
                  Agency’s Center for Domestic Preparedness conduct a <a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599940-FEMA-Field-Force-Operations-Training-Details.html">Field
                    Force Operations training</a> on how to police
                  protests. According to a roster for the FEMA training,
                  obtained via a public records request, roughly 40
                  state and local law enforcement officers participated,
                  as well as 19 CBP officers.</p>
                <p>“There’s work on formations as far as how to execute
                  safe techniques — arrest techniques,” Gatterman said
                  of the FEMA training. “They show some examples of
                  things like tripods hanging from trees and overpasses,
                  just to get you awareness of the different things you
                  might encounter. There’s talk about throwing acid on
                  officers, urine, feces, things like that.” A <a
href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4599941-FEMA-Field-Force-Operations-Training-Flyer.html">summary
                    of the training</a> obtained via records request
                  describes it as providing the “skills necessary to
                  prepare for and successfully mitigate threat incidents
                  involving civil disorder,” including through the “use
                  of riot control agents and less lethal munitions.”</p>
                <p>Whatcom County’s records officer withheld a single
                  document in response to The Intercept’s records
                  requests, calling nondisclosure of it “essential to
                  effective law enforcement”: a May 11, 2017, email from
                  a county undersheriff to staff members concerning a
                  National Sheriffs’ Association webinar called “Protest
                  on the Prairie.” Cass County, North Dakota, Sheriff
                  Paul Laney led a webinar by the same name on May 7,
                  2017, in which he shared lessons with police across
                  the country on how North Dakota law enforcement dealt
                  with resistance to the Dakota Access pipeline, an <a
href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/07/20/emails-bush-iraq-war-pr-delve-off-the-record-strategies-dakota-access-pipeline">investigation</a>
                  by DeSmog and MuckRock revealed last year. “We viewed
                  the webinar for training and informational purposes,”
                  Whatcom Undersheriff Jeff Parks told The Intercept.</p>
                <p>Gatterman said that outside of the British Columbia
                  protest, the sheriff’s department had not actively
                  monitored organizing against Trans Mountain. The
                  agency’s response to the March protest involved
                  examining what he described as “open source
                  information” including public-facing Facebook pages.</p>
                <p>Kurt Boyle, director of Washington fusion center,
                  said that besides reviewing Gatterman’s emails
                  forwarded by the state patrol, the fusion center took
                  very little action in response to the Trans Mountain
                  protests. “The only time we would actually take a look
                  at it would be if there was the potential for some
                  violence or vandalism or some attack on equipment that
                  may cause danger to people or destroy things,” he
                  said. “We don’t monitor social media.”</p>
                <p>“Due to our robust capabilities, U.S. Customs and
                  Border Protection frequently works with other federal,
                  state and local agencies on many different missions,”
                  CBP spokesperson Daniel Hetlage wrote in a statement
                  to The Intercept. The Washington State Patrol did not
                  respond to a request for comment.</p>
                <h3>A Radically New Landscape</h3>
                <p>Just as Standing Rock shifted public understanding of
                  the extremes to which governments would go to support
                  fossil fuel companies, so has the Trans Mountain
                  fight.</p>
                <p>Clayton Thomas-Muller, who works with the climate
                  justice organization 350, has been involved in
                  fighting the tar sands for over a decade. “We’re in a
                  radically new landscape, with an entirely new campaign
                  that needs to emerge. The federal government of Canada
                  has demonstrated just complete hypocrisy in the
                  purchase of this pipeline using public funds,” he
                  said. “To paraphrase Vice President Bob Chamberlain of
                  the Union of BC Indian Chiefs … a foreign oil
                  corporation based in Houston gave the sovereign nation
                  of Canada an ultimatum, and Canada buckled.”</p>
                <p>So far, one of the largest producers in the Alberta
                  tar sands region, Suncor, has <a
href="https://calgaryherald.com/commodities/energy/trans-mountain-deal-fails-to-change-suncor-position-on-canadian-competitiveness/wcm/1ca8d82c-21e0-42d9-8b1d-50215e6290fb">shrugged</a>
                  at Trudeau’s multibillion-dollar gamble, pointing out
                  that the “normal processes didn’t work very well.” The
                  company has declined to commit to any new investments.</p>
                <p>The Canadian government is hoping to find another
                  buyer for the pipeline before its deal with Kinder
                  Morgan is finalized at the end of July. The government
                  has sweetened the deal by offering to indemnify any
                  buyer against losses caused by construction delays and
                  guarantee a rate of return if the project’s future
                  owner is unable to complete construction because of
                  legal decisions. Still, it’s unclear that they’ll be
                  successful in selling it until after the pipeline is
                  built.</p>
                <p>If they don’t, then the Standing Rock of the north
                  will be a battle where the line between the interests
                  of the police and the pipeline owner will be virtually
                  indistinguishable.</p>
                <p class="caption"><br>
                </p>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
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