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href="https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/david-cronin/water-apartheid-gaza-and-flint"
                  id="reader-domain" class="domain"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/david-cronin/water-apartheid-gaza-and-flint">https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/david-cronin/water-apartheid-gaza-and-flint</a></a></small></small></small></b>
        <h1 id="reader-title">Water apartheid in Gaza and Flint</h1>
        <div id="reader-credits" class="credits">
          <p class="node__submitted">
            <span class="field field-author"><a
                href="https://electronicintifada.net/people/david-cronin"
                typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label
                skos:prefLabel" datatype="">David Cronin</a></span> 
            <span class="field field-publication-date"><span
                class="date-display-single" property="dc:date"
                datatype="xsd:dateTime"
                content="2016-03-18T10:00:55+00:00">18 March 2016</span></span>
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              <p>At first glance, the nature of the water crises in Gaza
                and Michigan look very different. Gaza’s water
                infrastructure has been bombed repeatedly by Israel.
                Despite their many problems, the people of Flint and <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/detroit">Detroit</a>
                have been spared such overt brutality.</p>
              <p>So why did women in Gaza <a
                  href="https://www.mecaforpeace.org/news/women-gaza-women-flint">send</a>
                a message of compassion to women in Flint earlier this
                month?</p>
              <p>The answer is simple: both are striving to hold the
                powerful to account for how the water on which they and
                their families depend has been contaminated.</p>
              <p>The letter from Gaza to Flint — signed by various
                activists, including the prominent doctor <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/dr-mona-el-farra">Mona
                  el-Farra</a> — notes that Israel controls Palestinian
                water. The Israeli occupation steals from the coastal
                aquifer that is Gaza’s main source of water, prevents
                Palestinians from building sewage treatment facilities
                and forces them to buy water at prices they cannot
                afford.</p>
              <p>Ordinary people in Flint do not enjoy any sovereignty
                when it comes to water, either.</p>
              <p>Over the past few years, Rick Snyder, Michigan’s
                governor, has appointed a series of “emergency managers”
                — unelected technocrats, with powers to sell off public
                assets, invalidate union contracts and to undermine
                local democracy.</p>
              <p>In 2014, Darnell Earley, one of these emergency
                managers, decided that Flint should begin using water
                from Flint River. That was despite how the Michigan
                authorities <a
href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/01/24/exclusive-gov-rick-snyder-s-men-originally-rejected-using-flint-s-toxic-river.html">deemed</a>
                water from the river to be unsafe for drinking.</p>
              <h2>Blood poisoning</h2>
              <p>The decision had rapid effects. Locals complained that
                the water from their faucets was discolored and
                unpalatable. A research team at Virginia Tech <a
href="http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/dont-drink-the-water/399803/">confirmed</a>
                that the water in Flint was poisoned.</p>
              <p>The level of lead detected, for example, in some
                samples was 13,000 parts per billion. The Environmental
                Protection Agency recommends that lead in water should
                be no higher than 15 parts per billion.</p>
              <p>Across Flint, the number of children with above average
                levels of lead in their blood has almost doubled. In
                “high risk” areas, it has <a
href="http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/09/study_shows_twice_as_many_flin.html">tripled</a>.</p>
              <p>The people of Gaza are grappling with similar problems.</p>
              <p>During 2014, it was <a
                  href="http://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/20140209_gaza_water_crisis">reported</a>
                that 90 to 95 percent of Gaza’s water supply was unfit
                for drinking. The <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/palestinian-water-authority">Palestinian
                  Water Authority</a> found that the aquifer on which
                Gaza depends was highly polluted with pesticides and
                untreated sewage.</p>
              <h2>Symptom of racism</h2>
              <p>Palestinians live under an <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/apartheid">apartheid
                  system</a>. And the impacts of apartheid are
                especially pronounced when it comes to water.</p>
              <p>While <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/settlers">Israeli
                  settlers</a> in the arid West Bank can enjoy the sight
                of well-irrigated floral displays and dips in swimming
                pools all year round, Palestinians have access to
                considerably less drinking water than the levels
                recommended by the <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/world-health-organization">World
                  Health Organization</a>.</p>
              <p>Michigan’s water crisis is also a symptom of
                institutionalized racism.</p>
              <p>Snyder and his predecessors have imposed emergency
                managers mainly on towns and cities with large Black
                populations, including Detroit and Flint.</p>
              <p>In 2013, <em>The Atlantic</em> <a
href="http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/05/does-michigans-emergency-manager-law-disenfranchise-black-citizens/275639/">reported</a>
                that the five cities in Michigan then under economic
                management contained just 9 percent of the state’s
                inhabitants. Yet about half of all Black people in
                Michigan lived in those cities.</p>
              <p>Writing in <em>The Nation</em> last month, Juan Cole <a
href="http://www.thenation.com/article/flint-and-gaza-water-crises-of-colonialism/">argued</a>
                that just as Flint’s residents  “had their access to a
                basic staple like clean water denied by decisions made
                by bureaucrats they did not elect, so the Palestinians
                of Gaza lack the basic rights of citizenship.”</p>
              <p>The right to water has been <a
                  href="http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/human_right_to_water.shtml">recognized</a>
                by the United Nations. Yet the dominant ideology treats
                water as a commodity.</p>
              <p>It is only natural that alliances should be formed
                between defenders of the right to water in different
                cities and countries.</p>
              <p>The government in my native <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/ireland-0">Ireland</a>,
                under pressure from its masters in <a
                  href="https://electronicintifada.net/tags/brussels">Brussels</a>
                and other EU capitals, has been trying to put control of
                water in the hands of a private company in recent years.
                The battle for the abolition of Irish Water, as the firm
                is called, has received <a
href="http://www.irishcentral.com/news/politics/Irish-water-charges-protests-heard-round-the-world.html">support</a>
                from activists in Michigan, Bolivia and Spain.</p>
              <p>More than a few of Ireland’s right to water campaigners
                are also part of the Palestine solidarity movement. One
                such campaigner, Gino Kenny, has been elected to Dáil
                Eireann, the lower house in the national parliament.
                When his election was <a
                  href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1ixtpvkl3A">announced</a>
                in late February, he celebrated by waving a Palestinian
                flag.</p>
              <p>The gesture was appreciated by Palestinians — not
                surprisingly so. Struggles for justice will always be
                intertwined.</p>
              <p><em>Additional research by Jimmy Johnson.</em></p>
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