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<div dir="ltr"><b><i><span style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63);
font-size: 16pt;">HAITI
SOLIDARITY (</span></i></b><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.haitisolidarity.net/"><b><i><span
style="font-size: 16pt;"><font color="#0563c1">www.haitisolidarity.net</font></span></i></b></a><b><i><span
style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63); font-size: 16pt;">)
INTERVIEW:</span></i></b><font color="#000000" size="3"></font><i><span
style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63); font-size: 13pt;"></span></i><br>
<div><font face="Arial"><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63); font-size: 28pt;">MILDRED
ARISTIDE, </span></i><br>
<font color="#000000" size="3">
</font><i><span style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63); font-size:
28pt;">FORMER FIRST LADY OF HAITI</span></i><i><span
style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63); font-size: 13pt;"></span></i><br>
<font color="#000000" size="3">
</font><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63);"><font size="3">Mildred
Aristide is an attorney, who as former First Lady of
Haiti, headed the country’s National AIDS Commission
and authored a book
on the root causes of child domestic service. Since
her family’s return
home from forced exile in 2011, Ms. Aristide and her
husband, former President
Jean-Bertrand Aristide (known throughout Haiti as
Titide) have focused their
efforts on developing the University of the Aristide
Foundation. </font></span></i><i><span style="color:
rgb(62, 0, 63);"></span></i><br>
<font color="#000000" size="3">
</font><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63);"><font size="3">The
work to build UNIFA, has taken place in the midst of
growing
repression within the country. Long overdue elections
have not taken place.
Police and UN troops using live ammunition, chemical
agents and clubs have
attacked demonstrators protesting against the Martelly
government. President
Aristide, Haiti’s first democratically elected
president, has been threatened
repeatedly with arrest, with heavily armed police
surrounding the Aristides’
home.</font></span></i><i><span style="color: rgb(62,
0, 63);"></span></i><br>
<font color="#000000" size="3">
</font><br>
<i><span style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63);"><font size="3">Yet
UNIFA has persevered. In this new interview, Ms.
Aristide details progress made by this groundbreaking
university over the last
few years. Forged in the fight for democracy and
inclusion, UNIFA is a true
example of popular education in action.</font></span></i><i><span
style="color: rgb(62, 0, 63); font-size: 12pt;"></span></i><br>
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<![endif]--><big>
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<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Haiti Solidarity: First
of all, thank you so much for
your time. It is an honor for us at Haiti
Solidarity to be conducting this
interview. Looking back four years ago, to March
18, 2011, the date of your
family’s return from exile in South Africa, what
do you remember about that
moment?</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: Without a
doubt, our accompaniment home
from the airport to the front door of the house
– where we sat in the car for
15 minutes until a passage could be cleared
through the crowd to get
inside!</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>It is a moment and a feeling
that I’ll never forget.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>The
four of us
like to refer to it as a ‘tsunami of love.'</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: Why was reopening
UNIFA the central priority of
President Aristide’s work upon your return to
Haiti? Why is UNIFA so essential
to the movement for real democracy in Haiti? </big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: Let me
start with some background.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Titide
created the Aristide Foundation
University (UNIFA) in 2001.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>It
was an
extension of the Haiti-Cuba cooperation in
health care.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Instead
of sending Haitian students to med
school in Cuba we would train more doctors and
health professionals in the
country.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>We
broke ground on the campus
in 2002.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>By
2003 the first phase of
construction was completed; approximately 247
medical students began
classes.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Early
February 2004, the university
teaching hospital, Hopital Universitaire de la
Paix, opened.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Then
there was the coup d’etat.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>While
Titide and I were forced from our home
and the country, UNIFA students were forced from
the campus.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>University
classrooms and dorm rooms were
transformed into military barracks by soldiers
of the multi-national force
deployed to Haiti.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Remarkably,
most of
the students made their way to Cuba and
completed their training.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>When
the earthquake struck on January 12,
2010, some of these young doctors staffed
emergency clinics at the Foundation
auditorium; two are part of our staff at UNIFA.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>In the month before we
returned to Haiti, Titide wrote:
“A year on [from the earthquake], young people
and students look to the
Foundation’s University to return to its
educational vocation and help fill the
gaping national hole left on the day the earth
shook in Haiti … I will return
to Haiti to the field I know best and love:
education.”</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Education
has always been at the center of
his life work – as teacher/priest, creating
Lafanmi Selavi (center for street
children), his writings, social justice
activism, tenure as Haiti’s first
democratically elected president, his
scholarship in South Africa.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>And
today, he brings all of that to UNIFA. </big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Right now, in the
moment that Haiti is living, the
university is essential.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Haiti
vitally
needs a safe space where young people can come
together, think country and
construct a future under very difficult
circumstances.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>A
place where they can learn from and
interact with national and international
professionals.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>An
institution that will address national
issues and seek viable solutions to national
problems.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Dreams
of working, prospering and changing
Haiti – not chasing after a foreign visa or a
job with a foreign NGO.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>This
is UNIFA’s commitment.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: Could you describe
the growth of UNIFA over the past
four years, and the impact it has made in Haiti
in this period?</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: UNIFA’s
first admissions exam in 2011 drew
over 1,000 applicants – when we could only
accept 126 students for that first
class!</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>One hundred and twenty six is
a
tiny fraction of the approximately 50,000
students who complete high school
every year in Haiti; it speaks to the urgent
need for access to quality
university education in Haiti.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Last
year
it was reported that there are about 30,000
Haitians attending university in
the Dominican Republic at a cost of 80-90
million dollars a year.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>So
an immediate – albeit limited – impact
that UNIFA has had is to offer Haitian parents
more options in the education of
their daughters and sons.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big></font></font></span></b><b><span
style="color:black"><font size="3"><font size="3">
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Every year, we work to
expand those options.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Since
beginning with the medical school, we
have added a school of nursing, law and this
past September, in partnership
with Stony Brook University in NY, Haiti’s first
school of physical
therapy.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Our
student population stands
at approximately 1,200.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>We
grew from a
handful of instructors to over 65 instructors
across the 4 different
schools.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Our
Haitian instructors are
complemented by a visiting instructors’ program.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>American
and Haitian-American professionals
who spend up to a week teaching on campus.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Last year we had the privilege
of welcoming Jeffrey Brand, former dean
of the University of San Francisco Law School.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>As well as Dr. Henri Ford,
Haitian-American chief of pediatric
orthopedics at LA Children’s Hospital.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Our 3rd and 4th year medical
students are enrolled in clinical training
at area hospitals, plus the Mirbalais Hospital
established by Partners in
Health.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Third year nursing students as
well.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>In terms of student
services, we now have a fully
functioning cafeteria for students and staff, we
have increased our broadband
width – although it’s still not enough – and are
actively working with our
partners at Rosalind Franklin University of
Medical Sciences (Illinois) to have
access to their online library and human anatomy
program.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>The
partial renovation of the residential
campus has meant that we have been able to lodge
visiting instructors.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>And
this year 10 students are residing on
campus.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: Can you discuss the
health care issues facing Haiti
right now – and UNIFA’s role in helping to meet
those challenges?</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big><big>
</big><big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: Of course
cholera remains a very serious
public health crisis.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>At
the end of
2014, several reports indicated spikes in the
number of infections and deaths
attributable to cholera across different parts
of the country.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>I
wouldn’t be surprised if we passed 9,000
deaths already.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>That,
added to chronic
infectious diseases like AIDS and TB, makes for
a very difficult health
outlook.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>All
this against the backdrop
of a hugely insufficient number of physicians
for the population.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Existing
and new hospitals built since the
earthquake function well below 100% levels
because of staff shortage.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>The
clinical support that responded to the
earthquake has left.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Haiti
counts only a
handful of trained physical therapists, when the
need for therapy skyrocketed
after the earthquake.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>The
capital’s
General Hospital does not have a properly
functioning morgue.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>There
is an urgent need for Haitian trained
health care providers, nurses, technicians,
pharmacists, and administrators –
at every level.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Education
and training
in the health sciences must be a priority in any
viable national health
plan.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: In Haiti, university
education has traditionally been
the province of the elite. How has UNIFA begun
to break this mold?</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: When
UNIFA opened in 2001, government
support allowed us to be tuition free.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>When we reopened in September
2011 (without government financial
support) it was clear that we would not be able
to survive without
tuition.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>The
current tuition at
UNIFA</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>(less than 1,500 USD a year)
is
less then what other private universities
charge.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>So that is already broadening
access.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Still we know that for Haiti,
in these most
difficult economic times, that tuition is still
a lot.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>And the solution may be making
more
need-based scholarships available; to do that we
have to raise more money.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Beyond
the economic factor, there is a
psychological and social barrier that UNIFA is
committed to overcoming: The
notion that only some people can be doctors or
can go to university.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>And
in fact the student body at UNIFA is
representative
of a broader spectrum of Haitian society than
you might see at other Haitian
Universities.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Students
and their
families know that UNIFA’s doors are open to
all.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Both the Foundation and UNIFA
are built on
this guiding principle: “Tout moun se moun”.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Every person is a human being.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Every young person should be
able to go to university, every person has
the right to health care.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>#BlackLivesMatter. </big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: One of the
impressive features of the University is
its gender balance.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Each
of the schools
– law, medical, nursing and physical therapy –
has at least 50% women students.
Could you discuss the significance of this for
Haiti and how this has been
achieved?</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: Another
social barrier to tear down: That
the university is the domain of men.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>We
start
the year with a 50-50-gender balance (except in
nursing where the pool of
applicants is overwhelming feminine) and we have
no difficulty finding qualified
female candidates.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>One
thing we have
seen though is that there is a certain amount of
attrition along the way, and
attrition among female students is slightly
higher, which means that the
balance is not always maintained.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>So
here
is something we are looking at, asking what
additional barriers to
completing their studies do female students
face?</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>How can we as a University
address that?</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Our
commitment is always for gender parity.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: In the past period,
there has been a growth in
repressive measures against political expression
in Haiti, including threats to
arrest President Aristide. How has this impacted
you and your family? How has
it impacted UNIFA?</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide:
Unsettling, but not surprising.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Sadly,
the absence of the rule of law means
that anything is possible; anything can be said.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Human
rights are routinely violated, like
what happened to Titide.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>There
is a
Creole expression: The dogs bark, the caravan
rolls by.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>In
August, as the political machine spewed
its lies, here is what he was doing: Preparing
for a 4th year at UNIFA;
registering students; overseeing construction of
the school of physical therapy
(which is now 95% complete); working with the
new dean of the medical school;
assessing completion of the second 3-week
international social medicine summer
class.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Committed as he has been all
his
life to working with the people of Haiti.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>There are people that
are visibly surprised when they
visit our campus.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>They
see students in
white lab coats bustling to and from class.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>They stare at these young
women and men sitting on benches, studying,
eating lunch, hanging out, checking their email.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>An
eyebrow is raised when they see a
well-known practicing physician or lawyer step
into class.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Normal,
everyday events for us, yet UNIFA has
to push back against false perceptions.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>The wheel is turning.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>I
like to
tell visitors that they are standing on sacred
ground.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>This is not hyperbole.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>The
stakes and the country’s needs are too
high.</big><big><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>UNIFA cannot be a pawn in
political fighting.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>There
should be no
attempt to use or manipulate our students to
serve political ends. UNIFA is a
national project that is slowly revealing itself
to be a national institution
in the service of the country.</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>We have 3 goals: (1) to
prepare doctors to care for the
poorest of the poor (2) to increase the number
of doctors practicing in rural
areas and (3) to break down long tradition of
exclusion of the poor majority in
Haiti from access to higher education.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: What are some of
UNIFA’s goals for the next few years?
How would you like to see the University’s reach
expand?</big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: There are
no lesser priorities, but in my
book, these are five top priorities:</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>First, UNIFA’s own teaching
hospital. Second, a sizeable endowment that
can allow us to lower or better yet eliminate
tuition.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>Third,
a school of science (biology,
chemistry, math and engineering).</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Fourth, complete renovation of
the residential campus so that we can
accommodate students from all across the
country.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>And
fifth, a stand-alone library.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Q: We know that UNIFA
has done all of this work with such
limited resources. What are the ways in which
people and organizations outside
of Haiti can help further UNIFA’s work? How can
people with ties to
universities and medical institutions help? </big><big><o:p></o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big><o:p> </o:p></big></p>
<big>
</big>
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><big>Ms. Aristide: Well, the
most straightforward cooperation
is financial.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>While
a portion of the
budget comes from student tuition, we depend on
international and national
support for the rest.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>We
also encourage
donations/contributions of teaching material,
like anatomical models and
charts, laboratory equipment, etc.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>I
recently came across an article online titled
“Learning surgery in Haiti”.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>A
group of surgeons and 2 American med
students came “to Haiti” (no hospital or medical
school is mentioned) for 5
days and performed 46 surgeries.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>This
was
a wonderful and most likely life-saving event
for the 46 patients
treated.</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>According
to the article, the
students had “opportunities unavailable to them
back home.”</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></big><big>To
perform the surgeries, “the team shipped 18,
50-pound boxes of instruments and materials.”</big><big><span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span></big><big>Now, imagine if that group had
gone one step further and partnered with
a Haitian medical school to train Haitian
students too. That is the kind of
engaged cooperation and support that UNIFA seeks
to strengthen.</big><o:p></o:p></p>
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