<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<p class="MsoNormal"><big><b><big><big>Allende was Wrong:
Neoliberalism, Venezuela's Student Right
and the Answer from the Left</big></big></b></big><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By Lucas Koerner , February 10th 2015<br>
<b><small><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11203">http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11203</a></small></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“Defend university autonomy for a true popular
democracy.”
“Freedom and Autonomy.” “Movement 13 welcomes you to study,
struggle, and
love.” <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">No, these slogans I saw adorning the walls were
not copied
from the University of Chile, where I studied in 2012-2013,
researching and
struggling alongside the Chilean student movement that is
militantly fighting to
overturn the neoliberal educational regime imposed under Pinochet.
But they
very easily could have been. No, I was not at a militant Leftist
public
university; I was in Mérida, at the Faculty of Humanities of the
University of
Los Andes (ULA), which is regarded as the principal recruiting
ground for
Venezuela’s rightwing student movement.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Friday, January 23, the ULA erupted once
again in violent
student protests in which masked students temporarily set up
barricades and
attempted to forcibly enter several local stores. For local
residents, these
protests represented a bitter reminder of the “Guarimba,” the
several months of
violent opposition demonstrations in which rightwing students
together with
Colombian paramilitaries shut down major avenues with barricades
and
assassinated police and Chavista activists in a desperate bid to
force the
salida, or exit, of President Nicolás Maduro.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What is most confusing and troubling is the
fact that the
discourse of “university autonomy” has always been a slogan of the
Left, which
young people from Chile to Greece have utilized to defend
themselves from
outright repression at the hands of dictatorial regimes as well as
from the far
more nefarious structural violence of neoliberal privatization.
Moreover, the
practices of donning the capucha, or mask, setting up street
barricades, and
hurling molotov cocktails in pitched street battles with police
are tried and
true Leftist tactics developed in the course of grassroots
struggles against
the authoritarian capitalist state in contexts as distinct as
Venezuela,
France, and Palestine. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Yet in contemporary Venezuela, these
historically Leftist
forms of struggle, encompassing discourses, symbols, and tactical
repertoires,
have been appropriated by rightwing students, but with an
ideological content
that could not be more radially opposed: far from rebels or
revolutionaries,
these rightwing students are reactionaries through and through,
bent on
reversing the gains of the Bolivarian Revolution and restoring the
oligarchic order
firmly in place for 500 years prior to the conquest of power by
the
revolutionary grassroots movements that comprise Chavismo.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here we are confronted by the stone-cold
realization that
there is nothing inherently revolutionary about young people, or
students for
that matter. Sadly, we are forced to concede that Salvador
Allende, who
famously said, “to be young and not revolutionary is a biological
contradiction,” was wrong. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In what follows, I will offer some cursory
notes towards an
explanation of this rightward shift among certain segments of
Venezuelan
students together with their paradoxical appropriation of
historically Leftist
modes of struggle, focusing on the gentrification of the
Venezuelan university
as well as the ascendancy of neoliberal ideology as two crucial
conditions for
this overall process of ideological mutation. I will conclude with
an interview
with Javier, a student of political economy at the Bolivarian
University of
Venezuela, who currently put his studies on hold to pursue worker
organizing in
coordination with local communal councils. Javier will discuss the
Bolivarian
University as a radical pedagogical alternative from below as well
as the
struggles faced by revolutionary students in the face of a
resurgent Right.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Gentrification of the Venezuelan University<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This dramatic ideological metamorphosis
undergone by
Venezuelan student movements cannot be explained outside the
context of the
neoliberal “gentrification” of the university. Nonetheless, this
neoliberalization only came in the wake of the brutal repression
of decades of
radical student struggles that sought to bring down the walls that
separate the
“ivory tower” from the social reality of the poor, excluded
majority. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At its height; the 1969 movement for “Academic
Renovation”
fought for a radical democratization of the university, whereby
students,
faculty, and university workers would have equal decision-making
power; which
George Ciccariello-Mahr terms a “radicalization of the very notion
of autonomy
itself, one that asserted autonomy from the government while
insisting that the
university be subservient to the needs of the wider society of
which students
and workers were a part.”1 As we will see later, it is precisely
this more
nuanced, dialectical notion of autonomy that is lacking among
those presently
claiming to speak on behalf of Venezuelan students.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The revolutionary Renovation movement was
savagely crushed
by the government of Rafael Caldera, who unceremoniously sent
tanks to close
down the Central University of Venezuela (UCV). Nonetheless, this
outright
repression was tame by comparison to the “more insidious… subtle,
and long-term
policy of ethnic cleansing within the public university [which was
realized] by
limiting popular access and returning the institutions to their
previous status
as refuges for the most elite segments of society.”2 This
progressive
embourgeoisement of the Venezuelan university prefigured a similar
process that
would occur globally in the context of the neoliberal turn of the
subsequent
decades, in which public universities from the University of
California to the
University of Chile saw ruthless cuts in public funding,
privatization of
services, dramatic tuition hikes, and creeping technocratization,
all with
profound implications for social class composition. That is, the
youth filling
the halls of Venezuelan public universities came increasingly from
the ranks of
the bourgeoisie and petty-bourgeoisie, which rendered them all the
more
vulnerable to the seductive appeal of neoliberal ideology.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Unfortunately, this tendency has not been
entirely reversed
under the Bolivarian governments of Chavez and Maduro. While the
Bolivarian
Revolution has seen the creation of a new system of Bolivarian
universities in
an effort to outflank the traditional public universities as we
will see below,
the government and the array of radical social forces driving it
from below
have thus far been unable to launch a frontal assault. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In other words, whilst these traditional
universities are
“public” in name and nominally free for all students, historic
public
universities such as the UCV nevertheless retain all kinds of
classist filtering
mechanisms, such as entrance exams and additional fees for
registration, books,
etc., that serve to effectively bar working class students from
attending. Most
egregious in this respect are the so-called “autonomous
universities” such as
the ULA, which are conferred unquestioned authority over internal
decision-making, while at the same time receiving full state
funding, amounting
in some cases to the budget of a Caribbean nation, for which they
are obligated
to give little in the way of formal accounting. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Moreover, this lingering bourgeois form of
education in the
traditional universities is matched by a thoroughly technocratic
content, in
which education is conceived as the production of upwardly-mobile
experts
insulated from the daily struggles of the masses, who are destined
to serve the
bureaucratic state or capital. As Javier, a student of political
economy at the
recently founded Bolivarian University succinctly put it, this
capitalist model
of education is about getting you to subscribe to the bourgeois
careerist
fiction that you need to study in order to “be someone,”
fetichizing education
as a sterile commodity purchased like any other in order to
augment one's
“human capital,” as consistent with neoliberal logic. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Given this disproportionately elite class
composition and
thoroughly bourgeois educational paradigm, it is no wonder then
that the
student federations of public universities like the UCV and the
ULA are now
governed by the Right. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Neoliberalism: The Illusion of Subversion<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While the changing class composition of
Venezuelan
universities over previous decades represents an important
structural factor
behind the rise of Venezuela’s rightwing student movement, we
cannot neglect
the particular characteristics of neoliberal ideology, namely its
seductive
capacity for passing as radical or revolutionary. But first, what
is
neoliberalism? <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Neoliberalism might be defined as “historical,
class-based
ideology that proposes all social, political, and ecological
problems can be
resolved through more direct free-market exposure, which has
become an
increasingly structural aspect of capitalism.”3 Emerging as the
political
response on the part of the capitalist state to the economic
crisis of the
1970s, neoliberalism sought to roll back the “democratic gains
that had been
previously achieved by the working classes, and which had become,
from
capital’s perspective, barriers to accumulation.”4 It was in this
context of
the ‘68 revolt that the revolutionary Left and the neoliberal
Right would share
a proclaimed common enemy, namely an overbearing, bureaucratic
state engaged in
bloody imperialist wars abroad and fierce repression at home,
although the
anti-statism of the latter was pure rhetoric, as neoliberal
politicians were
content to use the state to implement their class project.5<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In what followed, the post-’68 demands leveled
against the
capitalist state for formal individual rights by the hegemonic
variants of the
feminist, LGBT, civil rights, etc. movements were perfectly
compatible with the
neoliberal agenda, which in turn spawned the “NGOization” of
Leftist politics
whereby non-profits progressively took over the leadership of
social movements
and channeled them in a de-radicalized, localized direction. These
developments
gave rise to the normalization of petty-bourgeois lifestyle
politics,
especially in the newly gentrified universities, wherein demands
for
“diversity” and “inclusion” of underprivileged minorities could
safely be made
without ruffling any feathers. Thus, the dangerous lure of
neoliberal ideology
lies in its ability to render individualistic lifestyle politics,
i.e.
demanding access to consumer items, as cathartic acts of authentic
revolt and
resistance. Even as critical a thinker as Michel Foucault was
seduced by
neoliberalism’s apparent radicalism, joining in its chorus against
the welfare
state and praising it as a vehicle to promote the rights of the
“excluded”
(prisoners, LGBT people, women, those deemed “mentally ill,”
etc.).6<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We should not, therefore, be surprised by the
fact that a
segment of Venezuelan students don the traditional clothing of the
Left and
actually consider themselves revolutionaries facing down what they
consider an
oppressive dictatorship. But we must not be fooled. What the
Venezuelan Right
is attempting to do is appropriate the historic slogans, symbols,
and tactics
of the Left, but strip them of all collective emancipatory
content, which is
replaced with bourgeois individualist demands for consumer choice.
Thus, the
“freedom” that they demand has nothing to do with the plethora of
social rights
conquered under the Bolivarian Revolution, but here connotes
unregulated access
to dollars, weekend getaways to Miami, the “right” to own and
exploit. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The “autonomy” that they clamor for amounts to
nothing short
of total unaccountability to the rest of society, while continuing
to lay claim
to the latter’s resources. The militant tactics of the street
barricade, the
capucha, and the Molotov do not figure here as legitimate forms of
mass
resistance or revolutionary intervention, but represent instances
of fascist,
paramilitary violence enacted by individuals against a government
of the
people. Nonetheless, it is precisely the apparently
“anti-authoritarian”
character of neoliberal ideology that enables the Venezuelan
student Right to
retrofit traditionally Leftist forms of struggle with reactionary
bourgeois
content, effectively disguising their shrill cries for
individualist consumer
choice as a righteous chorus of social rebellion. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, this rightwing appropriation does not
go
uncontested. If symbols like the capucha and the barricade
ultimately
constitute what Ernesto Laclau terms "empty signifiers" that can
be
filled with any ideological content, then their meaning is
perpetually disputed
in the heat of social struggle. In other words, the Right's
usurpation can and
must be reversed by new generations of revolutionary young people,
struggling
to at once reclaim the past and win the war for a socialist
future. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Bolivarian University of Venezuela: The
Answer from the
Bolivarian Left<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The flagship of the Bolivarian government's
revolutionary
initiative for higher education, the Bolivarian University of
Venezuela (UBV)
was founded in 2003 as part of the Mission Sucre, which has saw
the radical
expansion of access to quality public education among the popular
classes
historically excluded from the Venezuelan educational system.
Today, the UBV
annually graduates more students than any other institution of
higher education
in the country. Apart from rupturing with the traditionally
oligarchic form of
Venezuelan higher education, which has historically been the
province of the
elite, the UBV also proposes a revolution in the practical content
of
education, which it defines as “liberating, with criteria of
social justice,
inclusive, free and quality.” <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I had the opportunity to sit down with Javier,
a student of
political economy at the Bolivarian University, who has
temporarily frozen his
studies in order to take on worker organizing in his community in
23 de Enero,
located in the vast working class area in the west of Caracas
known as Catia.
He also works as a facilitator in the Bolivarian University for
Workers
"Jesus Rivero" in the Capital District government, which aims to
raise political and class consciousness amongst public workers and
prepare them
for "assuming the direct and democratic management of the social
process
of work". All facilitation sessions take place at the workplace
itself. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">His words paint a provisional picture of the
depth of the
revolution in educational praxis currently underway in Venezuela.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Q: Can
you speak
about the popular pedagogical project of the Bolivarian
University?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A: Well if I were to talk about a popular
project towards
the structural transformation of the state and also the structural
transformation of our thinking that we have currently, I would
openly uphold
[the example of] the Bolivarian University of the Workers,
because, it’s a
university that breaks with the top-down, positivist framework of
education.
The worker or compañero takes on the process of self-education in
the space of
work itself. This leads to the complete reevaluation of the
education I have in
my mind that I reproduce in practice, and this critical
reevaluation of thought
and practice lets me reinvent myself. The thinking that I have is
a different
kind of thought pattern that breaks with the frameworks of the
capitalist
system. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Moreover, our university sets down [the model
of]
self-education through reading, debate, and writing. This means
that we don’t
deny existing theories. We read the current theory, which is the
systematization of struggles, for theories are the systematization
of the
struggles of the people, of the experience of the people. We
debate this
systematization, and we see if it can be adjusted to our present
moment in
order to not be dogmatic, but rather dialectical. Continuous,
collective,
integrated, and permanent self-education, that is the strategy. It
is
collective, because we all educate ourselves through the exchange
of knowledge.
It is continuous and permanent, because it never stops and we are
always
educating ourselves. It is integrated: We can specialize in an
area, but we
truly have to also know a little about everything, because labor
is not an
individual process, but a social one, where we all participate and
we are all
important in the development of the nation. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We also address the question of the management
of the social
labor process in order to be able to bring about structural
transformations.
When we talk about taking on the management of the social labor
process, it’s
the whole process. We realize this when we look at the arepa: the
person who
sows the corn, the person who harvests the corn, the person, who
transports the
corn, the person who processes the corn. In other words, the arepa
comes out of
a process in which there are very many people participating, the
truck driver,
the compañero in the factory, the compañera amassing the cornmeal;
it’s all
important work. So we propose that we take on the whole process
and view
ourselves as equals in struggle. This then is what permits us to
truly form a
culture of work that is not the competitive culture of work of the
capitalist
system, but rather a culture of work that guarantees the happiness
of our
people, we ourselves taking over the organization of what is truly
socialism,
the structural transformation of the state that we have.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Q: I want to follow your last point to a more
macro level.
How do you place the Bolivarian University in the context of the
socialist
struggle more broadly in society, particularly in terms of
struggles over
education? <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A: Many of the universities teach the students
a [large]
number of lies that we at the Bolivarian University of Workers
work to
dismantle. We therefore have to dismantle the [large] number of
lies that the
capitalist system has sold us. One of these things that that they
sell you in
the universities is that you have to study to be someone. But they
don’t
explain to you that from the moment that you are in your mother’s
womb, you
already are someone, someone important. If you were to lose vital
signs in the
womb, your, mother would feel a great pain, and not only your
mother, but your
father, your closest family members. So, we are headed towards
breaking with
this framework of education, this deceitful education that
continues to view
you as labor-power. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">[In contrast], the Bolivarian University of the
Workers
teaches, which is fundamental and essential, the review of the
development of
struggle in our society from the perspective of labor. How did our
society
undergo transformations? How were the instruments of labor forged,
and how also
how were the mechanisms of social division created? How did this
social
division take us to the point of creating systems of domination?
In one moment,
we lived under what was primitive communism, then we lived under
slavery, and
then what was feudalism, and now we are living under a system that
continues to
be slavery, that is the capitalist system, where they continue to
dominate us
with miserable wages and there’s no just distribution of wealth. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In our revolutionary Bolivarian process guided
by our
President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frias, he addressed all of these
historic
struggles, but he also set down the important and timely objective
in our
Constitution and organic law of the just distribution of wealth.
And if a
compañero has a great factory bought with what he says is the
product of his
labor, we don’t believe him above all because the amount of
property that he
has is the product of alien labor and he pays [his workers] a
miserable portion
of the wealth that he receives from their labor. So, we are going
to rupture
with this system, go about rethinking, to understand that we can
have other forms
of organization for managing public administration. It could be a
counsel
administration, of counsels with revolutionary leadership, where
the most
dedicated compañeras and compañeros are vindicated and recognized.
In this
dynamic, we are not saying that we [the workers] are the only
historic subject
of our Bolivarian process, but rather that the campesino, the
fisherman, the
transport worker are also important. The path of communal
[organizing] is also
important, and so is the struggle of the compañeras and compañeros
in the
student centers, who keep on despite being pounded by this
education of the
capitalist system. For us, it is the recognition of all of the
compañeras and
compañeros in our struggles that matters.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We have also proposed that this process of
collective,
continuous, integral, and permanent self-education has to reach
the communal
councils, the communes, the colectivos, the social movements,
whatever
organizational expression that they might have. It has to reach
[these spaces],
because, we have to break with and decentralize the [traditional]
conception of
the university. It’s a great struggle we all have to take on,
because what is
the university, but the universalization of knowledge. You, I, all
of the
compañeros here, the bus driver, all of the people who are here in
this medium
of transport possess knowledge.7 What we have to do is create the
spaces where
we can expound the amount of knowledge that we have and expound as
well the
amount of needs that we have, and in function of this, begin
planning [society,
especially the economy] ourselves.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Q: Many young people in this society, in the
universities,
have been deceived, and there’s a struggle for hegemony among
young people in
this country. For instance, we have a rightwing student movement
that is
producing openly violent and fascist leaders. How do you view the
role of these
alternative pedagogical projects in this struggle with the Right?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A: For us, the fact that the compa is young
does not mean
that he is revolutionary, that he is for structural
transformation. The Right
has many young people, but they are old in their thinking, because
they
continue upholding capitalist thinking. One has to be young in
different areas,
physically, but above all in one´s thinking. If there is a man who
we could say
marked a watershed in our history, not just for decades, but for
centuries, it
is Hugo Rafael Chávez Frias, because he shattered the framework,
he imploded
the schema of the bourgeois state. He imploded a space of great
domination with
new thinking. With liberating thinking, he imploded the space of
the army, of
our armed forces, a repressive organ that was directed against its
own people
on February 27th and 28th, 1989.8 He had a reflexive capacity,
because
Comandante Hugo Chávez Frias had already been doing this work.
It’s continuous,
it’s work that is going to take a long time, and we have to
dedicate our heart
and soul to the work that we are called to do and not neglect a
single area.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The other task is to recognize our advances.
The fact is
that we have graduated an amount of compañeras and compañeros who
have not
graduated in forty years during which they didn’t have access to
education.
Yes, we can and must deepen our revolutionary process to advance
towards
socialism, but it’s also important to recognize all of the
advances that we’ve
had thus far.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Q: I went to the ULA last week and I fascinated
by the
discourse of autonomy and freedom appearing in their murals, the
capucha that
they use, all of which is an appropriation of the discourse and
symbolism of
the Left. How do you respond to this?<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A: They have always tried to take our symbols
away from us.
For us, the capucha is a symbol of struggle. It’s ours. It was us
who had to
mask our faces [and protest in the streets], because we didn’t
have an adequate
education, above all in high school, but also in the university.
We had many
problems during the Fourth Republic, and we had to take to the
streets, because
they raised the student transportation fare. We had to take to the
streets,
because we had to have class on the floor, because there were no
chairs,
because the roof was leaking. We lived through all of this, and
for those
reasons, we went out into the streets. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Today, there is a movement that is trying to
take the
streets, but responding to the interests of the private companies
and the
private media, which regrettably under our revolutionary process
continue to
have an economic power, which is expressed in the media, in the
rumor
campaigns. What we have to do is dismantle this vast amount of
lies, but these
rumors have an effect, because there’s a number of lies that we
still have in
our heads, that we have not yet dismantled. It’s a great
challenge. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Evidently, many groups there [at the opposition
marches] are
paid, many groups that don’t truly represent our people. You can
ask them.
There were some compañeros of the people interviewing<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>some of the people who
participated on
January 24th in the “March of the Empty Pots,” which we might
rather have
called the “March of the Empty Heads,” because they don’t think.
So they
interviewed them and asked them if they were poor, to which they
quickly
respond, “I’m not poor.” <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Besides, this is an example of them trying to
steal our
symbols, the pots, which our people took out to the streets before
the Caracazo
and after the Caracazo, because the pots were truly empty, there
was nothing to
eat. Today no, it’s an economic war, they are hoarding everything,
and everyone
has seen the amount of food that we have. They tell us that there
is no flour,
but there’s not a single arepera closed. They say that that
there’s no milk,
but there’s no shortage of yogurt. So they are trying to escape
from the
regularization of the sale of these products in order to reap
greater profits,
but not only to reap greater profits, but also to boycott the
revolutionary
government and that this unrest be directed against the
revolutionary
government of Nicolás Maduro. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">From here, we have to go out in the streets
with an
alternative popular communication that engages face-to-face with
our people and
dismantles the large amount of lies, but we also must develop the
productive
forces. Beyond a crisis, well there is a crisis, but it´s a crisis
of their
system, a crisis of capitalism, because the socialist system still
doesn't
exist yet. So we have to take advantage of this crisis of the
capitalist system
and come out of it advancing ahead with the development of our
productive
forces, evidently organized according to a distinct logic of work,
a new
culture of work that is liberating: labor that truly educates you
to build this
new republican order envisioned by our philosopher and pedagogue
Simon
Rodriguez, the teacher of Simon Bolivar. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Notes<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1 Ciccariello-Maher, G. (2013). We created
Chávez: A
people's history of the Venezuelan revolution. Durham; Duke
University Press,
p. 113. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2 Ibid., p. 112.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3 Marois cited in Weber, J.R. (2011). Red
october:
Left-Indigenous struggles in modern Bolivia. Brill: Boston, p. 30.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4 Panitch, L., & Gindin, S. (2012). The
making of global
capitalism: The political economy of American empire. Verso:
London, p. 15.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5 Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of
neoliberalism.
Oxford University Press: New York, p. 42.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">6 See Zamora, D. (2014). “Can we criticize
Foucault?”
Jacobin, 10 December 2014.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/12/foucault-interview/">https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/12/foucault-interview/</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">7 Note: This interview was conducted on a
public metro bus
en route from Ciudad Caribia to Metro Gato Negro in Catia. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">8 February 27 and 28, 1989 refers to the
Caracazo, the
explosion of mass social mobilizations rejecting neoliberal
measures imposed by
the government of Carlos Andrés Pérez, under whose orders the army
occupied the
streets of Caracas and proceeded to gun down anywhere between 300
and 3000
people.<o:p></o:p></p>
<meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15">
<meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 15">
<link rel="File-List"
href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cclaude%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<link rel="themeData"
href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cclaude%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx">
<link rel="colorSchemeMapping"
href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5Cclaude%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:1;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-format:other;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073786111 1 0 415 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-style-next:"No Spacing";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing
{mso-style-priority:1;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;
mso-header-margin:.5in;
mso-footer-margin:.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
-->
</style><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
Freedom Archives
522 Valencia Street
San Francisco, CA 94110
415 863.9977
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.freedomarchives.org">www.freedomarchives.org</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>