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August 21, 2014<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/">http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/</a><br>
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<div class="subheadlinestyle"><big><big><big><b>Bulldozing Democracy</b></big></big></big></div>
<h1 class="article-title">Haiti: Where Will the Poor Go?</h1>
<div class="mainauthorstyle">by SETH DONNELLY</div>
<p>During my last trip to Haiti this June with a delegation of
students and human rights observers, we were exposed to the raw
violence of the ongoing forced dispersal of the poor. On May 31st,
the Martelly regime intensified a process—in the name of “eminent
domain”—of violently evicting the poor from their homes in
downtown Port-au-Prince and then physically destroying their homes
and businesses. We met with a group of men and women who had been
subjected to this violence and we filmed their extensive
testimony. They spoke of SWAT police and bulldozers coming at
night, of having only 10 minutes to flee their homes, then
witnessing the destruction of everything they had.</p>
<p>These survivors came to us with tears, anger, and backpacks full
of the only possessions they had left. They spoke of having to
sleep in parks or on roofs, of children being put out on the
street, of vulnerability to infection and ongoing harassment by
the government.</p>
<p>One man, speaking on behalf of the Representatives of the
Citizens of Centre-Ville Against Forced Displacement, stated that
more than 62,000 people had lost their homes in downtown
Port-au-Prince since May 31st. The Martelly regime has not
provided compensation and humane, alternative housing—in clear
violation of the Haitian Constitution. Indeed, official sources
acknowledge that 400 properties have been destroyed, but only 17
people compensated.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn1">[i]</a>
Clearly, this grossly underestimates the numbers of people
rendered homeless since legally registered pieces of property may
actually consist of multiple dwellings of the poor with dozens of
people living within them.</p>
<p>Secretary of State Planning Michel Presume stated earlier in the
spring that the Martelly regime had taken all the necessary steps
to compensate “the owners .” “We deposited this money in a deposit
account, owners have just to appear with their original titles, so
they can receive from the expropriation Committee the value of
their land or their homes in accordance with the evaluation
criteria for buildings.”<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn2">[ii]</a>
Undoubtedly, the problem with this compensation formula is that it
does not take into account the thousands of people dispossessed of
their homes who were tenants, not owners.</p>
<p>Accompanied by a Haitian human rights journalist, we visited the
areas of downtown that had been subjected to these demolitions; we
saw massive destruction spanning blocks and blocks, including half
of the General Hospital. We saw a bulldozer still at work and
Haitians standing around the rubble, perhaps some still in shock,
as if another earthquake had hit.</p>
<p>The initial eminent domain decree for the downtown was issued by
President Preval in 2010, then repealed and re-issued (with some
modifications) by Martelly. Ostensibly, the goal is to rebuild the
administrative center of the city, but Martelly has also stated
that he welcomes the involvement of “entrepreneurs” and the
private sector. Secretary of State Planning Presume stated that
“the State has a budget of about 150 million U.S. dollars [for the
construction of the administrative city] from several sources:
Petrocaribe, treasury and fund of the cancellation of Haiti’s
debt..”.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn3">[iii]</a></p>
<p>The people who shared their testimony with us blamed Martelly for
their dispossession and current misery. According to these
Haitians, the eminent domain project involves not just the
reconstruction of the administrative center, but the
transformation of the downtown into an upscale, commercial zone.
Further investigation is required to determine other facets of
this plan and sources of funding/ investment involved,
particularly those by the “private sector” welcomed by Martelly.</p>
<p>Where will the poor go? Where have so many tent city dwellers
already gone? The Martelly regime has dismantled most of the tent
cities through stick-and-carrot methods: many families have
received a once-time payment of $500 to relocate while others have
been violently evicted from the camps. The $500 payment is
notoriously inadequate given the spike in land and housing prices/
rents, a “market reaction” in large part to so many rich
foreigners now living in Port-au-Prince as part of the NGO/ UN
network. Moreover, the price of rice (now “Made in the USA”) has
increased dramatically in recent years, perhaps as much as 500%,
further rendering this $500 aid package paltry.</p>
<p>We gained a sense of where so many desperate people are
relocating when we visited Canara, a “city” of approximately
200,000 people seeking to eke out an existence in the arid, “dust
bowl” hills in the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. Out of sight, out
of mind—that is for the foreign tourists and Haitian bourgeoisie
who stay at the new Oasis hotel or who perhaps will shop soon in
downtown Port-au-Prince. The people of Canara do not have any
meaningful access to water, electricity, education, healthcare,
food, and employment, let alone even the cement and cinder blocks
to complete many of their houses. People are forced to walk or
travel considerable distances just to pay for water, food, and
other supplies, if they have the money. And, yet, while we were
meeting with an older Haitian woman about a water cistern project
our team is funding in her community of Canara, we heard
machinery- a bulldozer and truck—at work. After the meeting, we
walked about 50 feet behind her dwelling and discovered that they
were digging out a vast canyon, extracting truck-loads upon
truckloads of rock and sand to be sold elsewhere, reportedly for
the profits of a private company. She came to the edge of the
canyon and yelled down to the workers not to dig any closer to her
home. While she lacked the sand, rock, and cement to build a
simple water cistern for her community, an apparently private
company poached these resources for free in order to sell to those
who could better afford the “market rate”.</p>
<p>On June 19th, perhaps as the bulldozers were still clearing the
rubble of people’s homes in downtown Port-au-Prince, Bill Clinton
received the “Lifetime Achievement Award” for his work in Haiti
from the Happy Hearts Fund in the NYC Cipriani Restaurant. The
award ceremony was led by Petra Nemcova, a super model who runs
the foundation and who is the girlfriend of the current Haitian
Prime Minister, Laurent Lamothe. Also in the audience was Haitian
President Michel Martelly who received an award for his
“leadership in education”. Outside of the lavish restaurant, a
group of Haitian activists and their allies protested the
ceremony, chanting “Clinton, where is the money for
reconstruction?”.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn4">[iv]</a></p>
<p>The timing of these awards is particularly absurd. According to
the news website “Tout Haiti”, earlier this April, two prominent
lawyers have petitioned Haiti’s Superior Court of Auditors and
Administrative Disputes to demand an audit of Bill Clinton’s
management of the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission (IHRC). A
federal audit, conducted by the US Government Accountability
Office and released on October 9<sup>th</sup>, 2013, raised major
concerns about the USAID’s recent work in Haiti, particularly on
Clinton-backed projects.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn5">[v]</a></p>
<p>But there is a deeper issue than alleged missing funds,
mismanagement, and shoddy, incomplete aid projects. The deeper
issue is Clinton’s agenda for “development” in Haiti: a strategy
that is not really healthy development at all, but rather
mal-development in the service of corporate exploitation of the
country’s resources and people. Expanding this corporate-driven
mal-development was a central agenda for Clinton in the 1990s,
just as it is for the Obama Administration today.</p>
<p>As President, Clinton pushed this strategy when he pressured the
Haitian government to open up its economy to US-subsidized, big
business rice exports, thereby driving many Haitian rice farmers
out of business and crippling Haiti’s domestic rice industry.<a
title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn6">[vi]</a>
Though Clinton publicly apologized for this “trade policy”, he has
been pursuing a similar corporate strategy through his handling of
“aid” as head of the Clinton Foundation and the Interim Haiti
Recovery Commission (IHRC) since the 2010 earthquake.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn7">[vii]</a>
He has been a vigorous supporter of the new Caracol Industrial
Park, funded in large part by USAID. The “park” consists of
garment sweatshops, offering substandard, unlivable wages. This
has been a boon to companies that can have clothing assembled in
Haiti by workers receiving near-slave wages, then sold in the US
without having to pay any customs.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn8">[viii]</a>
However, as investigative reporter Jonathan Katz notes, the “park”
has not been such a boon to the local Haitians:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>“But less than a year after Caracol Industrial Park’s gala
opening — with Bill and Hillary Clinton, Sean Penn, designer
Donna Karan and Haiti’s current and former presidents among the
guests — the feeling these days is disappointment. Hundreds of
smallholder farmers were coaxed into giving up more than 600
acres of land for the complex, yet nearly 95 percent of that
land remains unused. A much-needed power plant was completed on
the site, supplying the town with more electricity than ever,
but locals say surges of wastewater have caused floods and
spoiled crops.</p>
<p>“Most critically, fewer than 1,500 jobs have been created —
paying too little, the locals say, and offering no job security.
“We thought there was going to be some benefit for us,” says
Ludwidge Fountain, 34… He worked for two months at the park as a
guard, taking home about $3.40 a day, until his contract ran
out. “Maybe it’s good for some of the people inside the park.
Everyone else got nothing.”<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn9">[ix]</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Likewise, Bill Clinton has funneled aid money to establish a
business venture between Coca-Cola and local mango farmers, using
existing mango groves and using land for new groves to produce
exports for Coca-Cola and its “Haiti Hope” project (an Odwalla
drink). About the project, Clinton stated:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>“The Coca‑Cola Company responded to Haiti’s urgent immediate
needs with financial support and beverages. The Haiti Hope
Project goes a step further and exemplifies the innovative role
that partnerships with the private sector can play in the
reconstruction of Haiti.”<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn10">[x]</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>According to Coca-Cola’s website, $9.5 million has been raised
since 2010 to launch this project tin a public-private
partnership. Coca-Cola claims to have 19,000 mango farmers
“enrolled” in the project, frequently organized into co-ops, and
that half of these farmers are women. Moreover, Coca-Cola claims
that 10 cents on every bottle of “Odwalla Mango Tango Smoothie”
purchased will go back to “Haiti Hope”. <a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn11">[xi]</a>
The Clinton-Bush Fund gave a grant of more than $500,000 to the
project.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn12">[xii]</a>
Projects such as this do not advance Haiti’s vital need for food
security, but instead tether the well-being of Haitian farmers to
the fickle tastes of more affluent, primarily “First World”,
consumers.</p>
<p>The Clinton Foundation is also funding similar agricultural,
“supply chain” projects involving peanut and coffee farmers. The
Foundation claims to be assisting these farmers by funding the
construction of regional depots, providing marketing and technical
assistance, as well as linking the farmers to buyers elsewhere,
such as the Four Season Restaurant chain.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn13">[xiii]</a>As
with the Coca-Cola Project, this “market-driven” and export-led
approach to agricultural development fails to directly address
Haiti’s vital need for domestic food production and security.
While Haitians produce more coffee, peanuts, and mangos for
export, they remain dependent upon overpriced, US corporate food
imports while growing tracts of their land are being leased off to
“foreign investors” for “industrial parks” and tourist sites.</p>
<p>Then there is the infamous Oasis Hotel in Port-au-Prince, a huge,
elite structure built to court rich tourists and foreign
investors. It is “awkwardly” close to the houses and shacks of the
poor that lack decent sanitation, plumbing, and electricity. The
Clinton-Bush fund allocated $2 million in “aid” to construct this
hotel.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn14">[xiv]</a>
Clinton is likewise allocating more Foundation aid into the
construction of new Marriott Hotel.</p>
<p>Tourism, sweatshops, and export-agriculture: these are integral
components of Clinton’s vision for Haiti. Undoubtedly, some of
this “development” will require the coercive dispersal of the
rural poor who occupy land that will be turned into “free trade
zones” and of the urban poor who occupy space—either in tent
cities or popular neighborhoods—slated for tourist projects and
up-scale commercial zones.</p>
<p>And what of Martelly, the other award recipient? Has he doubled
the rate of Haitian children going to school, as claimed in the
Happy Heart Fund ceremony? This claim is patently false, according
to Haitian grassroots educators who we interviewed. Martelly
pledged to provide payments to schools on a per pupil basis, but
this funding reportedly only covers a fraction of all pupils and,
to date, has not even been received by schools for this past
school year. Many teachers have not been paid in months, resulting
in the recent, widespread teacher and student protests.
Apparently, super model Petra Nemcova was unaware of these basic,
easily verifiable realities on the ground in Haiti when she
awarded Martelly.</p>
<p>Martelly came to power in 2011 through sham elections—what many
Haitians call “selections”—because the largest political and most
popular political party, Fanmi Lavalas, the party of the poor
majority, was excluded from participation. Only 22% (or less) of
the electorate bothered to vote and, of that fraction, Martelly
received the winning fraction. This was reportedly the worst voter
turnout in the Americas since 1947.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn15">[xv]</a>
The Obama Administration financed the selections (including
legislative positions) to the tune of at least $14 million.<a
title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn16">[xvi]</a>
Moreover, the Administration exerted considerable pressured,
including threats to cut off aid to Haiti, in order to insure that
Martelly was included in the run-off elections, even though he
technically placed third in the first round. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton flew to Haiti and personally intervened to help
push Martelly into power.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn17">[xvii]</a>
Martelly, himself a very wealthy entertainer, spent considerable
sums of his own fortune to leverage his “victory” (the equivalent
of $15 billion in the US). Martelly’s Duvalierist ties in Haiti
and his far rights connections abroad have been well-documented by
reporter and historian Greg Grandin, among others.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn18">[xviii]</a></p>
<p>Predictably, since coming to power, Martelly has been rebuilding
the Duvalierist system in which elite gets rich in ventures with
foreign interests (e.g. Clinton) while the poor majority is
further marginalized, immiserated, and increasingly subjected to
selective repression. Martelly has attempted to rebuild the
dreaded Haitian army<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn19">[xix]</a>,
he has integrated Duvalierist elements into his regime, and he has
established a supportive, friendly environment for “Baby Doc”
Duvalier now back in Haiti.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn20">[xx]</a>
Grassroots activists of the poor reported to our team that they
are experiencing threats on their lives by a growing network of
repressive agents. The Martelly regime has postponed legislative
elective and Mayoral elections, with Martelly instead selecting
many Mayors across the country, including in Port-au-Prince. A
high-level judge who was calling for an investigation into
Martelly and his family for corruption mysteriously died several
days after meeting with and reportedly being verbally attacked by
Martelly and his Prime Minister (Lamothe). Many Haitians suspect
death by poisoning.<a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_edn21">[xxi]</a>
In ostentatious displays of their wealth, Martelly and his family
are well-known for their extensive travels abroad and lavish life
styles. He is an excellent junior partner for Bill Clinton and the
Obama Administration.</p>
<p>The people in downtown Port-au-Prince whose homes and businesses
have been destroyed are demanding justice and reparations. They
have just experienced another earthquake and they are clear that
this one is human-made, in the service of “economic development”
that discards the poor. Now is the time to join our voices with
them in demanding justice and reparations. Now is the time to join
our voices with those of Haitian grassroots activists in the
Lavalas movement struggling courageously for the restoration of
democracy in Haiti.</p>
<p><em><b>Seth Donnelly</b> is a member of the Haiti Action
Committee and a Bay Area high school teacher. He regularly
travels to and works in Haiti. </em></p>
<strong><em>Notes.</em></strong><br clear="all">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref1">[i]</a>
Personal communication.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref2"><b>[ii]</b></a>
Haiti Libre, “Haiti-Reconstruction: the Demolition of the Area
of Public Utility.”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-8090-haiti-reconstruction-expropriation-no-title-no-compensation.html">http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-8090-haiti-reconstruction-expropriation-no-title-no-compensation.html</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref3">[iii]</a>
Haiti Libre, “Haiti-Reconstruction: Expropriation, No Title,
No Compensation.” <a
href="http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-11287-haiti-reconstruction-the-demolition-of-the-area-of-public-utility-began-in-port-au-prince.html"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.haitilibre.com']);">http://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-11287-haiti-reconstruction-the-demolition-of-the-area-of-public-utility-began-in-port-au-prince.html</a>.</em></p>
<p><em>Also, for a 2012 projected breakdown of funding for the
particular components of the “administrative center” project,
see <a href="http://www.skyscrapercity.co"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.skyscrapercity.co']);">www.skyscrapercity.co</a>,
“Haiti-Reconstruction: the New Haiti Is Emerging.”</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref4">[iv]</a>
For a more in-depth discussion of this event and the protest,
see Dunkel, “Haiti: Bill Clinton Receives ‘Lifetime
Achievement Award’ But Where Is the Money for Reconstruction?”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/haiti-bill-clinton-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-but-where-is-the-money-for-reconstruction/5388737">http://www.globalresearch.ca/haiti-bill-clinton-receives-lifetime-achievement-award-but-where-is-the-money-for-reconstruction/5388737</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref5">[v]</a>
The GAO’s report is available at
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.gao.gov/products/gao-14-47t">http://www.gao.gov/products/gao-14-47t</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref6">[vi]</a>
See Katz, “With Cheap Food Imports, Haiti Can’t Feed Itself”.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/with-cheap-food-imports-h_n_507228.html">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/20/with-cheap-food-imports-h_n_507228.html</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref7">[vii]</a>
See his filmed apology on “Democracy Now”, April 1, 2010.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/4/1/clinton_rice">http://www.democracynow.org/2010/4/1/clinton_rice</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref8">[viii]</a>
For excellent coverage, see Edmonds, “Sweatshops Over Homes”.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://nacla.org/news/sweatshops-over-homes-haiti">http://nacla.org/news/sweatshops-over-homes-haiti</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref9">[ix]</a>
Katz, “A Glittering Industrial Park in Haiti Falls Short”.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/9/10/a-glittering-industrialparkfallsshortinhaiti.html">http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2013/9/10/a-glittering-industrialparkfallsshortinhaiti.html</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref10">[x]</a>
“Coca Cola Scheme Brings Hope to Haiti” on
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.coca-cola.co.uk">www.coca-cola.co.uk</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref11">[xi]</a>
See Moye, “Hope in Haiti: Why Job Creation and Economic
Development Will Drive Nation’s Recovery”.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/hope-in-haiti-why-job-creation-and-economic-development-will-drive-nations-recovery">http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/hope-in-haiti-why-job-creation-and-economic-development-will-drive-nations-recovery</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref12">[xii]</a>
See the “Haiti Hope Project” fact sheet on Clinton Bush Fund
website.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref13">[xiii]</a>
See official website for the Clinton Foundation.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref14">[xiv]</a>
For a detailed examination of this “aid” project, see Wilentz,
“Letter from Haiti: Life in the Ruins.”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/172101/letter-haiti-life-ruins">http://www.thenation.com/article/172101/letter-haiti-life-ruins</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref15">[xv]</a>
For a summary of the many problems with these “selections”,
see Weisbrot, “Haiti Election: a Travesty of Democracy” and
IJDH, “The United States Should Support Fair and Inclusive
Elections in Haiti.”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/jan/10/haiti-oas-election-runoff">http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/jan/10/haiti-oas-election-runoff</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref16">[xvi]</a>
Beeton, “Haiti’s Elections: Parties Banned, Media Yawns.” <a
href="http://www.cepr.net/index.php/op-eds-&-columns/op-eds-&-columns/haitis-elections-parties-banned-media-yawns">http://www.cepr.net/index.php/op-eds-&-columns/op-eds-&-columns/haitis-elections-parties-banned-media-yawns</a>.
The $14 million figure refers to US funding of the initial
round of Presidential and Legislative elections in November,
2010. Undoubtedly, the US pumped in more money to finance the
run-off elections in the spring of 2011 since the US was
vigorously pushing for Martelly’s inclusion in the run-offs.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref17">[xvii]</a>
Grandin, “Martelly: Haiti’s Second Great Disaster.”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/05/20115413435816393.html">http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/05/20115413435816393.html</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref18">[xviii]</a>
Ibid.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref19">[xix]</a>
The Economist, “Haiti’s Army: Who Needs Them?”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21588085-michel-martelly-pushes-ahead-reviving-army-who-needs-them">http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21588085-michel-martelly-pushes-ahead-reviving-army-who-needs-them</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=" "
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref20">[xx]</a>
CEPRI, “Former Dictator Lives the Good Life.”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cepr.net/index.php/blogs/relief-and-reconstruction-watch/former-dictator-lives-the-good-life-as-haitian-government-has-deliberately-stalled-investigation">http://www.cepr.net/index.php/blogs/relief-and-reconstruction-watch/former-dictator-lives-the-good-life-as-haitian-government-has-deliberately-stalled-investigation</a>.</em></p>
</div>
<div>
<p><em><a title=""
href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/08/21/haiti-where-will-the-poor-go/#_ednref21">[xxi]</a>
Geffrard, “Haiti: Political Assassination?”
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/haiti-political-assassination-suspicious-death-of-judge-who-called-for-prosecution-of-presidential-family/5343313">http://www.globalresearch.ca/haiti-political-assassination-suspicious-death-of-judge-who-called-for-prosecution-of-presidential-family/5343313</a>.</em></p>
</div>
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