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<h1 class="title"><small>The Debate Today is How to Stop The Violent
Offensive of the Neoliberal Right-Wing</small></h1>
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<p class="byline"> By <span class="author">Valeria Ianni – Rebelion</span>,
<span class="date">March 31st 2014</span> </p>
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<div class="block-inner"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/10561">http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/10561</a><br>
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<p>Venezuela is torn between the destabilising attempts of the
right-wing, the limits of the Bolivarian process and the possibility
the working class and the popular movements will advance the
[revolutionary] project, [but] not without tensions and contradictions.<br>
<br>
[The following is] an interview with Franck Gaudichaud, member of the
editorial team of Rebelión.org, a doctor of political science and
author of several books on Latin America, with a directed research by
Michael Löwy on people power and industrial ties under the Allende
government in Chile (1970 -1973).<br>
<br>
How can you characterise the current situation in Venezuela? What is
the issue here?<br>
<br>
Franck Gaudichaud: As a starting point, we must recognise that we are
in the midst of a tremendous global media war against the Bolivarian
process. It's therefore essential to create spaces of
counter-information. To start with, in front of so much misinformation,
we must again emphasise that the Bolivarian process is a long term
process of broad social gains (health, education, reducing inequality),
democratisation (the new constitution), growing empowerment and
inclusion of the popular classes, in a very tense relationship with the
charismatic leader that [Hugo] Chavez had been.<br>
<br>
This process has also been instrumental in the establishment of new
popular national sovereignties in the creation of ALBA, UNASUR and
CELAC. Thus, a relapse and a neoliberal regression in Venezuela would
have important, immediate collateral effects on the entire region. All
this seems obvious, but it is essential to stress the essential
relations and geopolitical forces, [particularly] at a time when the
mainstream media, and the Venezuelan opposition are talking about a
“Castro-communist dictatorship” and a “genocide in Venezuela ...”<br>
<br>
The current situation is extremely tense because the most reactionary
sectors of the opposition have wagered on violence and destabilisation
from the street. In this context, there is a tendency within the rank
and file of the leftists to simplify our understanding of the
circumstances, expressing opposition to imperialism or support of the
coup against the “fascist” state. To me, this binary reading [of the
situation] seems disastrous. Of course, the united manner of the
right-wing's “insurrectionist” intentions must be denounced and
opposed. <br>
<br>
We know that the United States has clear geopolitical interests in this
destabilisation. The link between Washington “hawks” and the faction of
the opposition led by Leopoldo López in Venezuela isn't a conspiracy
theory, but is an objective fact. There is also a real intervention
from Colombia and Uribismo, and paramilitary incursions, especially in
the border state of Táchira. These factors are important. Now, is there
a coup in the style of April, 2002? […] I think not. Firstly, the real
power relations differ from 2002. The armed forces and military chiefs
clearly support the government without division – for now – and the big
bourgeoisie aren't betting on the violence or an unconstitutional exit
[from the Maduro administration]. Fedecámaras and its masters (like
Polar's [head, Lorenzo] Mendoza) are participating in the peace
conference with Maduro and condemning the violence in the streets. In
other words, the key elements of the situation of April, 2002 aren't
part of the current situation today. Mind you, there is a sector of the
opposition around Leopoldo López that clearly is betting on street
violence [and] calling to overthrow Maduro. Worryingly, this sector has
succeeded in holding very significant demonstrations – in the state of
Tachira, in Merida with the student movement, but also in the streets
of Caracas. It's true that the participants of these demonstrations
essentially come from the wealthy neighbourhoods, from the upper and
middle classes; but now [protesters] also come from the less wealthy
middle class. Violent sectors have gained space in society, using
violence against the workers and barrio militants, constructing
barricades (the “guarimbas”); they're responsible for the majority of
killings in recent weeks. The neoliberal opposition is partially
fragmented, but each [faction of the opposition] plays its role against
the [revolutionary] process; from Henrique Capriles or COPEI (Political
Electoral Independent Organisation Committee) that say they back
dialogue after successive electoral defeats, to parties like Leopoldo
López's Voluntad Popular or like the organisation Súmate and the
legislator María Corina Machado. [The latter] back the creation of a
semi-insurrectionalist climate without awaiting the next elections.
Other analysts like Ignacio Ramonet have noted the existence of a “slow
coup” based on the destabilisation theories of Gene Sharp. <br>
However, I think from the anti-capitalist left, the key issue isn't
just to denounce all this, without also continuing to think “downwards
and to the left” in a manner both critical and dialectical; [and] who
are the elements within Chavismo that allow such expression of
discontent in various strata of society – not just from the student
movement. In this sense, we also have to explore the contradictions and
weaknesses of the Bolivarian revolution and listen to the critical
voices of the popular and revolutionary movement, within and outside of
Chavismo. At Rebelión, we have published various Venezuelan authors
that go in this direction: Roland Denis, Simón Rodríguez P., Javier
Biardeau, Gonzalo Gómez, etc.<br>
<br>
What are these main weaknesses of Chavismo?<br>
<br>
First you have to differentiate between the governmental Chavismo and
the working Bolivarian people. I understand there are tensions here,
especially a year after the departure of the central manager of the
[revolutionary] process, Hugo Chavez; [who was] capable of oscillating
between the vertical leader and the horizontal-ness of popular
participation. In the era of “Chavismo wihout Chavez”, Maduro has the
legitimacy of electoral democracy. He won the [April, 2013]
presidential election in a just manner, and the [December, 2013]
municipal elections confirmed a new Bolivarian victory at the ballot
box (with 17 victories in 18 elections). But, Maduro doesn't have the
charismatic leadership of Chavez, while at the same time a degradation
of the economy accelerated. Of course, much is said about insecurity,
particularly from the right-wing, though this is also a significant,
daily concern for the popular classes. [However,] most of the recent
problems appear on the economic level. The Central Bank of Venezuela
[BCV] acknowledges a scarcity level of [consumer] goods above 28% and
in 2013 inflation of 56% eroded the salaries of the workers. Poor
economic and [currency] exchange management reinforces speculation, the
black market and hoarding on the part of the bourgeois consumer on a
greater scale. Other Marxist economists like Manuel Sutherland or
Víctor Álvarez speak of the greatest capital flight from South America.
Several Marshall Plans are escaping to Miami. It's true that inflation
and scarcity are products of an offensive from the ruling classes, but
they're also [caused by] inefficient economic policy. Corruption is
another underlying issue after 15 years of the Bolivarian process. How
to pretend to build “socialism of the 21st Century” in these conditions
of bureaucratic corruption? Faced with a phenomenon of this nature, a
model of petro-rentier capitalism is still hegemonic [i]. It's not
enough to have a ministry of “popular power”* [see editor's notes]. I
don't see a solution other than to create control from below, [with]
participatory democracy, workers' councils [and a] strengthening of the
existing communal councils. Otherwise, how is the right-wing offensive
to be lastingly stopped? With dialogue and peace with the ruling
sectors, with the Democratic Unity Roundtable [MUD], with
[Venezuelan-born media mogul and billionaire Gustavo] Cisneros and the
boli-bourgeoisie**? Moreover, remember impunity that continues today
for those responsible for the coup of April, 2002 and the April, 2013
killings. The impunity facing the anti-unionist killings that take
place in the country are also very concerning, along with the the level
of repression against some labour strikes and the growing
militarisation of some regions (which caused distress and the
distancing of the public from the Bolivarian governor of Tachira).
These days, President Maduro and the Attorney General have acknowledged
the responsibility of the National Guard and the Bolivarian Police in
the death and mistreatment of demonstrators. Hopefully this doesn't go
unpunished, because the state has to be the guarantor of basic [human]
rights.<br>
<br>
Here you have referred critically to the path being taken by the
government to stop the right-wing's offensive. For you, what is the
most effective way to confront the right-wing?<br>
<br>
Without doubt, as proposed by some Venezuelan anti-capitalists, the
best defense for the deepening of the revolution and the achievements
of the [revolutionary] process is to strengthen a critical, popular and
independent view of the bureaucracy or the boli-bourgeoisie, pointing
to an empowerment from below. I think this perfectly justifies the
intent of the government to pour cold water on the street violence,
[and] call for dialogue and peace. Now, dialogue and peace, yes, but
for what and with whom? Hopefully, the dialogue prioritises the
mobilisation of the popular sectors, the organised workers that search
for the paths of popular power, the … [rural poor and agricultural
workers] that want agricultural reform, the indigenous people, together
with more concrete announcements to improve the economic situation. Of
course, Maduro has already announced a front to face the “economic
war”, but as well as the “law of just prices”, positively, were
measures to adjust [economic policy] and devaluation. To the contrary,
small [political] currents like Marea Socialista and others outside
Chavismo (libertarians, Marxists [and] Trotskyists) propose dealing
with the neoliberal right by taking revolutionary measures: for
example, taking control of foreign trade, but with citizen oversight
(to prevent corruption), strongly combating speculation and
centralising foreign currency exchange, intervening to bring the
banking system under social control so that oil revenue isn't partially
captured by hoarders, supporting more decisions by the communal
councils, [supporting] national food production, [creating] a national,
democratic system of planning etc. I emphasise, I'm only reiterating
the declarations of Bolivarian collectives and anti-capitalist
Venezuelans.<br>
Certainly, progress in this direction also means starting to think
about the internal contradictions the popular movement – its weaknesses
and limitations, as well as the weight of the political bonapartism
present in the PSUV, for example.<br>
<br>
<br>
What similarities and differences do you find between the process of
Chile during the Allende government and that of Venezuela? More than
anything, the role of the relationship between the spaces of popular
organisation and a state that – despite all the changes – remains a
capitalist state.<br>
<br>
First, this seems essential to me: there still exists a capitalist
state in Venezuela, though with a new institutionalism that's more
democratic. Predominantly, [there is] state-rentier capitalism and more
than 70% of GDP is in the private sector. To strategically orient
[ourselves], first we must know where we stand. Like in Venezuela, in
1973 Chile the Unidad Popular signified great democratic and social
conquests, empowerment from below, as well as support from a very well
organised working class on the union and political level. Actually, the
big deficiency in Venezuela is the inability to build a democratic
movement that is working and union class-conscious, independent of the
state bureaucracy. Another interesting aspect of the Chilean experience
is the tense relationship between the popular movement and the Allende
government. I studied the industrial ties [ii] as sui generis [unique]
forms of popular power, and, at various moments, elements were able to
stand against Allende and claim revolutionary measures. Another point
of debate is just how much we can trust the institutions, the
possibility of “using” the state to reform society from above. That
is, if we build socialism from the state or build socialism from the
popular constituent power, workers' control and citizen participation.
When in Venezuela, for example, joint management initiatives [between
the state and workers] such as Sidor have been rapidly suffocated. It's
the same with the extremely complicated issue of political violence,
the role of imperialism and the armed forces. <br>
The fact is that in Venezuela, unlike the Chilean way, the process has
been thought as “peaceful, but armed”. In Venezuela there is a very
different civil-military dynamic [compared] to the Chilean experience.
Beyond that, the Bolivarian revolution updates an unresolved debate of
Unidad Popular: what can we do with the state, and what kind of state?
To what extent are the government [and] elections tools of democratic
conquest, and how to support this using grassroots organising to
advance. How to deal with the rightists and imperialism from the best
relationship that's as strong as possible?<br>
<br>
<br>
Valeria Ianni is an Argentinian historian, and member of the collective
“Hombre Nuevo”. <br>
Translated for Venezuelanalysis by Ryan Mallett-Outtrim.<br>
<br>
Editor's notes<br>
*All Venezuela government ministries include the words “Popular Power”
in their official titles; eg, Ministry of Popular Power for Education.<br>
** Boli-bourgeoisie (boliburguesía) is a colloquial term mostly used to
describe wealthy, corrupt Chavista bureaucrats. <br>
<br>
<br>
References (in Spanish)<br>
[i] Ver: F. Gaudichaud, “Las tensiones del proceso bolivariano:
nacionalismo popular, conquistas sociales y capitalismo rentista”,
Rebelión, dic. 2012, <a
href="http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=160554"
title="www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=160554">www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=160554</a>.<br>
<br>
[ii] Ver: F. Gaudichaud, Poder popular y cordones industriales en
Chile, Santiago, LOM, 2004.</p>
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