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<div class="entry-date">Weekend Edition September 7-9, 2012<br>
<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/09/07/crazy-horse-was-a-sober-warrior/">http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/09/07/crazy-horse-was-a-sober-warrior/</a><br>
</div>
<div class="subheadlinestyle">31 Notes on the Alcohol Wars at Pine Ridge</div>
<h1 class="article-title">Crazy Horse was a Sober Warrior</h1>
<div class="mainauthorstyle">by RUSS McSPADDEN</div>
<div class="main-text">
<p>1. Autumn Two Bulls is the mother of Wakiyan, or Loud Brave Thunder,
a young Oglala Lakota protester who was maced by police on August 26
during a march against alcohol sales along the border of the Pine Ridge
Indian Reservation. “My son believes in sobriety. One thing he told me
was that Crazy Horse, his hero, was a sober warrior. Crazy horse didn’t
believe in alcohol and he knew what was coming because he was a
spiritual man and he stood up and fought against what was coming.”
Wakiyan is ten years old. Days after the protest his vision was still
blurry from the mace.</p>
<p>2. Wakiyan takes part in traditional ceremonies, traveling as far
away as Wyoming to offer respect to the sacred, to hang prayer flags in
the presence of Mato Tipila, or bear lodge, an enormous intrusion of
igneous rock that towers over the land like a blunted 1,200 foot
buffalo horn. The sacred mountain in the Black Hills is also known as
Devil’s Tower in the language of the ones who made wretched war on the
Lakota and colonized the region.</p>
<div id="attachment_44989" class="wp-caption aligncenter"
style="width: 520px;">3. There are four liquor stores and only
fourteen residents in the unincorporated town of White Clay. It exists
purely to unload alcohol, and lots of it. On average, the retailers
sell 12,500 cans of beer every day, mostly to the reservations 40,000
residents. White Clay is 250 feet from Pine Ridge where alcohol is
forbidden.</div>
<p><em>4. I’ve always only respected and prayed for the “zombies” of
White Clay, because some of them are my uncles, my grammas, or my
cousins, a new pain hard to see…When I used to live at home, I live in
Omaha now, I would drive through White Clay everyday, early in the
morning, with a cigarette and a dream, on my way to school, I drove
through everyday, with a fleeting moment’s honor, I would honk at them;
a small moment of honor, a small song with one drum beat and one sound,
a death song perhaps, I would honor them. – </em>Elisha Yellow Thunder</p>
<p>5. There is a green State Highway sign near the hamlet of Wounded
Knee, 18 miles northeast of White Clay that lists four possible burial
sites of Crazy Horse, the great Lakota warrior. It is believed that his
family buried his bones and his heart in the earth beside the creek.</p>
<p>6. Wounded Knee Creek is cut by wind, its behavior a condition of
the topography of wind. The surface is evaporated skywards by the
sweeping aridity in the summer or frozen by the crystallized gusts of
winter. Its waters eventually meander northwest to feed the White
River into the isolated grassland mesas and buttes of the Badlands.
>From there, the blood of Wounded Knee Creek eventually feeds the
Missouri, empties into the Mississippi, mixes with silt, agricultural
runoff, thousands of other tributaries, and dumps, some 1,400 miles
south, into the Gulf of Mexico. The migration of the watersheds of the
Lakota nations, which carry the debris of attempted genocide, of
struggle and spirit, pass into the warm open ocean, feeding the
intensity of hurricanes.</p>
<p>7. Crazy Horse malt liquor first appeared in 1992 in New York City.
Attorney’s representing the descendants of Crazy Horse successfully
sued the brewing company responsible, which went out of business in
1999. Collectors still sell cases, from time to time, online.</p>
<div id="attachment_44995" class="wp-caption aligncenter"
style="width: 520px;"><em>8. For over 100 years the women of the
Oglala Lakota nation have been dealing with an attack on the mind body
and spirit of their relatives. We have been silenced through chemical
warfare waged by the corporations who are out to exploit and make a
profit off of the suffering and misery of our people. The time has come
to end this suffering by any means necessary.</em> – Olowan Martinez,
organizer of the Women’s Peace March.</div>
<p>9. Numerous documented complaints have been lodged against the four
liquor stores: beer sales to Lakota minors; racist slurs from the
store keepers; the trading of alcohol for sexual favors; the violation
of open container laws at the store fronts; the continued harassment of
the Lakota by poisonous profiteers.</p>
<div id="attachment_44993" class="wp-caption aligncenter"
style="width: 520px;">10. In 1973 several hundred Oglala Sioux and
hundreds of others occupied the hamlet of Wounded Knee with rifles and
roadblocks. Under the banner of the American Indian Movement (AIM)
protesters reclaimed sovereignty of the land–reclaimed the spirit of a
warrior’s revolt. They demanded the end of corrupt tribal government
collusion with outside and moneyed interests, the return of the Black
Hills, and the end of strip mining, which toxified Lakota waters, on
their land. For 71days AIM and the Lakota held the town. U.S. Armed
Forces, Marshals, the National Guard and the FBI surrounded the
uprising, cutting electricity and food supplies to Wounded Knee. Buddy
Lamont and Frank Clearwater, both members of AIM, were killed by
machine gun fire. Two FBI agents fell in open gunfights. Twelve other
members of the uprising simply disappeared. In the end law enforcement
raided the camp and made over 1,200 arrests. AIM organizer, Leonard
Peltier, received two life sentences. Over the next few years the
reservation would see more than 60 unsolved murders of tribal members.</div>
<p>11. Every year, the Lakota and other First Nation peoples
commemorate the ‘73 uprising. It’s not uncommon to see U.S. flags
displayed upside down.</p>
<p>12.<em> I was also taught that the American flag upside down is our
right. That when our ancestors rode off with this flag at the Battle of
the Greasy Grass </em>[aka Custer’s Last Stand] <em>it became ours. – </em>Olowan
Martinez.</p>
<p>13. Along with 10 year old Wakiyan, veterans of the ‘73 uprising,
protesters from AIM grassroots, Deep Green Resistance (DGR), Un-Occupy
Albuquerque, Occupy Lincoln and Native Youth Movement (NYM) joined
women from the Oglala Lakota nation for the Women’s Peace March on
White Clay. Members of DGR closed down Nebraska Highway 87 for six
hours by linking arms in fortified pvc tubes, laying in the road.
Elders and youth provided them with support–water, shade, drums. Some
stood with ceremonial staffs between the protesters and the police. The
action cut off sales at the liquor stores to the tune of five grand.
This is the second such highway blockade this summer. Autumn Two Bulls
publicly thanked the activists for showing solidarity with the Lakota
people noting that active unity across cultural lines would bring
results. One of the members of DGR noted that the group is honored to
follow the leadership of the Lakota. According to a published DGR code
of conduct, “Non-indigenous members of DGR remember that we are living
on stolen land in the midst of an ongoing genocide. The task of the
non-indigenous is to build solidarity with indigenous people in
defending the land, preserving traditional cultures, and protecting
sacred ceremonies from exploitation.”</p>
<p>14. Police sprayed mace from their cars, disabling marchers, elders,
children, anyone–a chemical drive by.</p>
<p>15. A few days later–ushered by gusty winds–wildfires moving north
from Nebraska raced through the Pine Ridge Reservation, burning 25,000
acres. The tribal government issued evacuation orders for several
districts.</p>
<p>16. It’s common for winds to topple buildings throughout the area.</p>
<p>17. In 1890, hundreds of famished Minneconjou Sioux were murdered by
the U.S. Seventh Cavalry in the dead of winter at Wounded Knee, 18
miles from White Clay. Old photos capture the scene of the genocide in
the frozen snow. With the thaw, the blood made its way to the creek.</p>
<p><em>18. There was a woman with an infant in her arms who was killed
as she almost touched the flag of truce, and the women and children of
course were strewn all along the circular village until they were
dispatched. Right near the flag of truce a mother was shot down with
her infant; the child not knowing that its mother was dead was still
nursing, and that especially was a very sad sight. The women as they
were fleeing with their babes were killed together, shot right through,
and the women who were very heavy with child were also killed. All the
Indians fled in these three directions, and after most all of them had
been killed a cry was made that all those who were not killed or
wounded should come forth and they would be safe. Little boys who were
not wounded came out of their places of refuge, and as soon as they
came in sight a number of soldiers surrounded them and butchered them
there.</em> – Testimony of American Horse to the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs, 1891.</p>
<p>19. Nearly twenty years before the massacre at Wounded Knee, Crazy
Horse led a successful coalition war party against the 7<sup>th</sup>
Cavalry of the U.S. Army, which included 700 soldiers and one General
George Custer at the battle of Little Bighorn in Montana.</p>
<p>20. Every year tribal members reenact their ancestors’ victory
against Custer in a grand celebration on horseback.</p>
<p>21. One year after the victory, as the story goes, Crazy Horse was
fatally wounded in Nebraska, resisting imprisonment.</p>
<p>22. Crazy Horse malt liquor has a Facebook page in disturbing
memoriam.</p>
<p>23. Though the Lakota struggle to rid their community of outside
poisons has existed since the first European traders arrived in their
land with small pox and liquor, the recent skirmishes were reignited in
1999. Two tribal members, Ron Hard Heart and Wally Black Elk Jr., were
killed near White Clay, their deaths unsolved. Marches, protests,
blockades and legislative hearings in Nebraska called into question the
legality and morality of liquor sales in the region.</p>
<p>24. According to Re-Member, a non-profit working on the reservation,
Pine Ridge boasts some rather painful statistics: alcoholism in up to
80 percent of the community; 1 in 4 infants suffer the effects of fetal
alcohol syndrome; the lowest life expectancy rate in the U.S., second
lowest in the Western Hemisphere; high rates of cancer, diabetes,
suicide.</p>
<p>25. Wakiyan: <em>Alcoholism ain’t right. It kills a lot of our
relatives.</em></p>
<p>26. The Oglala Sioux tribe filed a lawsuit in February, 2012 seeking
$500 million in damages from the four establishments and the nation’s
biggest breweries.</p>
<p>27. The area around White Clay has a history rooted in illegal
liquor sales. In 1882, at the behest of Oglala elders and the U.S.
Indian agent in the territory, U.S. President Chester Arthur ordered
that a buffer zone be put in place in Nebraska, south of the
reservation, between illegal whisky peddlers and the Lakota. Known as
the White Clay Extension, the fifty square mile area was later
incorporated into the reservation then offered up into public domain,
precipitating a land grab by whites. Liquor licenses followed shortly
after–its original purpose turned upside-down.</p>
<p>28. The growing alliance in defense of Lakota sovereignty, uniting
DGR, the occupy movement and indigenous resistance, both broadly, under
the banner of AIM, and locally, with the descendants and veterans of
the ‘73 uprising, is promising to the resistance–terrifying to
authority.</p>
<p>29. DGR is a movement built upon Derrick Jensen’s critique of
industrial civilization and his premises for a return to a healthy
humanity and planet, spelled out his book <em>End Game</em>. In
essence, Jensen has called for the deliberate toppling of industrialism
and militarism, power-grids, dams, monoculture, patriarchy, and the
dominant culture of contemporary city-states–for a return to the land
and the land-based community. In his books Jensen calls for a new
warrior ethos amongst environmentalists, for a serious resistance
prepared to meet a serious and terrifying enemy, a resistance akin to
the French underground during WWII, the Spanish anarchists in the time
of Franco, or the Lakota Sioux in the time of Crazy Horse.</p>
<p>30. It was Custer’s Last Stand, sure, but not the last stand of
Manifest Destiny, which eventually had its way and still does.</p>
<p>31. Until it kills itself, or something else does.</p>
<p><strong><em>Russ McSpadden</em></strong><em> is a part of the
editorial collective of the<a href="http://www.earthfirstjournal.org/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://www.earthfirstjournal.org']);"> Earth
First! Journal</a> and<a href="http://earthfirstnews.wordpress.com/"
onclick="javascript:_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','outbound-article','http://earthfirstnews.wordpress.com']);"> Newswire</a>.
He has worked on grassroots biodiversity, human and indigenous rights
campaigns across the United States and has taken part in tree-sits,
power plant blockades and late night political rants about the beauty
of the stars and the detritus of civilization. He can be reached at <a
href="mailto:russ@earthfirstjournal.org">russ@earthfirstjournal.org</a></em></p>
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