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<h1><b>US embassy cables leak sparks global diplomatic
crisis</b></h1><font size=3>• More than 250,000 dispatches reveal US
foreign strategies<br>
• Diplomats ordered to spy on allies as well as enemies<br>
• Hillary Clinton leads frantic 'damage limitation'<br><br>
The release of more than 250,000 US embassy cables reveals previously
secret information on American intelligence gathering, and political and
military strategy. Photograph: Rex Features <br><br>
The <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/usa">United States</a> was
catapulted into a worldwide diplomatic crisis today, with the leaking to
the Guardian and other international media of more than 250,000
classified cables from its embassies, many sent as recently as February
this year.<br><br>
At the start of a series of daily extracts from
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/the-us-embassy-cables">the US
embassy cables</a> – many designated "secret" – the Guardian
can disclose that Arab leaders are privately urging an air strike on Iran
and that US officials have been instructed to spy on the UN leadership.
These two revelations alone would be likely to reverberate around the
world. But the secret dispatches which were obtained by
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/wikileaks">WikiLeaks</a>, the
whistleblowers' website, also reveal Washington's evaluation of many
other highly sensitive international issues.<br><br>
These include a shift in relations between China and North Korea, high
level concerns over Pakistan's growing instability and details of
clandestine US efforts to combat al-Qaida in Yemen.<br><br>
Among scores of disclosures that are likely to cause uproar, the cables
detail:<br><br>
• Grave fears in Washington and London over the security of Pakistan's
nuclear weapons programme, with officials warning that as the country
faces economic collapse, government employees could smuggle out enough
nuclear material for terrorists to build a bomb.<br><br>
• Suspicions of corruption in the Afghan government, with one cable
alleging that vice president Zia Massoud was carrying $52m in cash when
he was stopped during a visit to the United Arab Emirates. Massoud denies
taking money out of Afghanistan.<br><br>
• How the hacker attacks which forced Google to quit China in January
were orchestrated by a senior member of the Politburo who typed his own
name into the global version of the search engine and found articles
criticising him personally.<br><br>
• The extraordinarily close relationship between Vladimir Putin, the
Russian prime minister, and Silvio Berlusconi, the Italian prime
minister, which is causing intense US suspicion. Cables detail
allegations of "lavish gifts", lucrative energy contracts and
the use by Berlusconi of a "shadowy" Russian-speaking Italian
go-between.<br><br>
• Allegations that Russia and its intelligence agencies are using mafia
bosses to carry out criminal operations, with one cable reporting that
the relationship is so close that the country has become a "virtual
mafia state".<br><br>
• Devastating criticism of the UK's military operations in Afghanistan by
US commanders, the Afghan president and local officials in Helmand. The
dispatches reveal particular contempt for the failure to impose security
around Sangin – the town which has claimed more British lives than any
other in the country.<br><br>
• Inappropriate remarks by a member of the British royal family about a
UK law enforcement agency and a foreign country.<br><br>
The US has particularly intimate dealings with Britain, and some of the
dispatches from the London embassy in Grosvenor Square will make
uncomfortable reading in Whitehall and Westminster. They range from
political criticisms of David Cameron to requests for specific
intelligence about individual MPs.<br><br>
The cables contain specific allegations of corruption, as well as harsh
criticism by US embassy staff of their host governments, from Caribbean
islands to China and Russia. The material includes a reference to Putin
as an "alpha-dog", Hamid Karzai as being "driven by
paranoia" while Angela Merkel allegedly "avoids risk and is
rarely creative". There is also a comparison between Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad and Adolf Hitler.<br><br>
The cables names Saudi donors as the biggest financiers of terror groups,
and provide an extraordinarily detailed account of an agreement between
Washington and Yemen to cover up the use of US planes to bomb al-Qaida
targets. One cable records that during a meeting in January with General
David Petraeus, then US commander in the Middle East, Yemeni president
Abdullah Saleh said: "We'll continue saying they are our bombs, not
yours."<br><br>
Other revelations include a description of a near "environmental
disaster" last year over a rogue shipment of enriched uranium,
technical details of secret US-Russian nuclear missile negotiations in
Geneva, and a profile of Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, who they say is
accompanied everywhere by a "voluptuous blonde" Ukrainian
nurse.<br><br>
Clinton led a frantic damage limitation exercise this weekend as
Washington prepared foreign governments for the revelations, contacting
leaders in Germany, Saudi Arabia, the Gulf, France and
Afghanistan.<br><br>
US ambassadors in other capitals were instructed to brief their hosts in
advance of the release of unflattering pen-portraits or nakedly frank
accounts of transactions with the US which they had thought would be kept
quiet. Washington now faces a difficult task in convincing contacts
around the world that any future conversations will remain
confidential.<br><br>
As the cables were published the White House released a statement
condemning their release. "Such disclosures put at risk our
diplomats, intelligence professionals, and people around the world who
come to the US for assistance in promoting democracy and open government.
By releasing stolen and classified documents, WikiLeaks has put at risk
not only the cause of human rights but also the lives and work of these
individuals."<br><br>
In London, a Foreign Office spokesman said: "We condemn any
unauthorised release of this classified information, just as we condemn
leaks of classified material in the UK. They can damage national
security, are not in the national interest and, as the US have said, may
put lives at risk. We have a very strong relationship with the US
Government. That will continue".<br><br>
The state department's legal adviser has written to WikiLeaks founder
Julian Assange and his London lawyer, warning that the cables were
obtained illegally and that publication would place at risk "the
lives of countless innocent individuals … ongoing military operations …
and cooperation between countries".<br><br>
The electronic archive of embassy dispatches from around the world was
allegedly downloaded by a US soldier earlier this year and passed to
WikiLeaks. Assange made them available to the Guardian and four other
news organisations: the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/">New York
Times</a>, <a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/">Der Spiegel</a>
in Germany, <a href="http://www.lemonde.fr/">Le Monde</a> in France and
<a href="http://www.elpais.com/global/">El País</a> in Spain. All five
plan to publish extracts from the most significant cables, but have
decided neither to "dump" the entire dataset into the public
domain, nor to publish names that would endanger innocent individuals.
WikiLeaks says that, contrary to the state department's fears, it also
initially intends to post only limited cable extracts, and to redact
identities.<br><br>
The cables published today reveal how the US uses its embassies as part
of a global espionage network, with diplomats tasked to obtain not just
information from the people they meet, but personal details, such as
frequent flyer numbers, credit card details and even DNA
material.<br><br>
Classified "human intelligence directives" issued in the name
of Clinton or her predecessor, Condoleezza Rice, instruct officials to
gather information on military installations, weapons markings, vehicle
details of political leaders as well as iris scans, fingerprints and
DNA.<br><br>
The most controversial target was the UN leadership. That directive
requested the specification of telecoms and IT systems used by top
officials and their staff and details of "private VIP networks used
for official communication, to include upgrades, security measures,
passwords, personal encryption keys".<br><br>
PJ Crowley, the state department spokesman in Washington, said: "Let
me assure you: our diplomats are just that, diplomats. They do not engage
in intelligence activities. They represent our country around the world,
maintain open and transparent contact with other governments as well as
public and private figures, and report home. That's what diplomats have
done for hundreds of years."<br><br>
The acting deputy spokesman for Ban Ki Moon, Farhan Haq, said the UN
chief had no immediate comment: "We are aware of the
reports."<br><br>
The dispatches also shed light on older diplomatic issues. One cable, for
example, reveals, that Nelson Mandela was "furious" when a top
adviser stopped him meeting Margaret Thatcher shortly after his release
from prison to explain why the ANC objected to her policy of
"constructive engagement" with the apartheid regime. "We
understand Mandela was keen for a Thatcher meeting but that [appointments
secretary Zwelakhe] Sisulu argued successfully against it,"
according to the cable. It continues: "Mandela has on several
occasions expressed his eagerness for an early meeting with Thatcher to
express the ANC's objections to her policy. We were consequently
surprised when the meeting didn't materialise on his mid-April visit to
London and suspected that ANC hardliners had nixed Mandela's
plans."<br><br>
The US embassy cables are marked "Sipdis" – secret internet
protocol distribution. They were compiled as part of a programme under
which selected dispatches, considered moderately secret but suitable for
sharing with other agencies, would be automatically loaded on to secure
embassy websites, and linked with the military's Siprnet internet
system.<br><br>
They are classified at various levels up to "secret noforn" [no
foreigners]. More than 11,000 are marked secret, while around 9,000 of
the cables are marked noforn.<br><br>
More than 3 million US government personnel and soldiers, many extremely
junior, are cleared to have potential access to this material, even
though the cables contain the identities of foreign informants, often
sensitive contacts in dictatorial regimes. Some are marked
"protect" or "strictly protect".<br><br>
Last spring, 22-year-old
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/bradley-manning">intelligence
analyst Bradley Manning</a> was charged with leaking many of these
cables, along with a gun-camera video of an Apache helicopter crew
mistakenly killing two Reuters news agency employees in Baghdad in 2007,
which was subsequently posted by WikiLeaks. Manning is facing a court
martial.<br><br>
In July and October WikiLeaks also published thousands of leaked military
reports from
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/the-war-logs">Afghanistan</a>
and <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/iraq-war-logs">Iraq</a>.
These were made available for analysis beforehand to the Guardian, along
with Der Spiegel and the New York Times.<br><br>
A former hacker, Adrian Lamo, who reported Manning to the US authorities,
said the soldier had told him in chat messages that the cables revealed
"how the first world exploits the third, in detail".<br><br>
He also said, according to Lamo, that Clinton "and several thousand
diplomats around the world are going to have a heart attack when they
wake up one morning and find an entire repository of classified foreign
policy is available in searchable format to the public … everywhere
there's a US post … there's a diplomatic scandal that will be
revealed".<br><br>
Asked why such sensitive material was posted on a network accessible to
thousands of government employees, the state department spokesman told
the Guardian: "The 9/11 attacks and their aftermath revealed gaps in
intra-governmental information sharing. Since the attacks of 9/11, the US
government has taken significant steps to facilitate information sharing.
These efforts were focused on giving diplomatic, military, law
enforcement and intelligence specialists quicker and easier access to
more data to more effectively do their jobs."<br><br>
He added: "We have been taking aggressive action in recent weeks and
months to enhance the security of our systems and to prevent the leak of
information."<br>
<br>
</font><h1><b>US embassy cables leak sparks global diplomatic
crisis</b></h1><font size=3>This article was published on
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/">guardian.co.uk</a> at 18.13 GMT on
Sunday 28 November 2010. A version appeared on p1 of the
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2010/nov/29/mainsection">
Main section</a> section of
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian">the Guardian</a> on
<a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2010/nov/29">Monday 29
November 2010</a>. It was last modified at 22.16 GMT on Sunday 28
November 2010. <br><br>
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