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<h1><font size=4><b>Benighted Journalists Assail
Haiti</b></font></h1><font size=3>By
<a href="http://www.zcommunications.org/zspace/joeemersberger">Joe
Emersberger</a><br><br>
</font><font size=1>
<a href="http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=350&st=0#entry499" eudora="autourl">
http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=350&st=0#entry499<br>
</a></font><font size=3>Friday, February 12, 2010<br><br>
<br>
Decent people in North America have tried to help Haitians after the
devastating earthquake that struck on January 12, but the corporate media
has left them unequipped to do one of the most helpful things they can do
- oppose their governments' efforts to inflict more harm on the victims
under the cover of disaster relief. If it seems paranoid to claim that
Canada and the US will use the earthquake to further set back development
and democracy, it is only because the criminal role they have played in
Haiti has been very effectively hidden. <br><br>
<b>The Economics of Mass Murder <br><br>
</b>German playwright Bertolt Brecht wrote that "In democratic
countries the violent character inherent in the economy doesn't show
itself; in authoritarian countries the same holds for the economic
character of the violence"[1] <br><br>
With Brecht's words in mind, consider that under the dictatorship of Jean
Claude Duvalier ("Baby Doc"), Haiti became the ninth largest
assembler of manufactured goods for the US market. His regime kept wages
attractively low to foreign investors through mass murder. By the mid
1980s wages were also kept low through the destruction of Haiti's
agricultural economy. US imports began to flood the Haitian market,
ruining its farmers and driving them into urban areas, especially
Port-au-Prince, in search of any work they could find. The mass exodus
from the countryside also led people to live in shantytowns where they
are vulnerable to the impact of hurricanes and earthquakes. [2] <br><br>
The Duvalier regimes were responsible for the murder of about 50,000
people. That does not include those who died preventable deaths from
malnutrition and disease as a direct result of polices designed to enrich
a small Haitian elite and foreign multinationals like Disney.[3]
<br><br>
The Duvalierist model of "development" eventually generated so
much opposition within Haiti that it became unsustainable with Duvaliers
in charge. In 1986, Baby Doc fled Haiti. In 1990 Jean Bertrand Aristide
won Haiti's first free elections. Though the Duvaliers were gone,
"Duvalierism without Duvalier" has been the objective of
Haitian elite and their foreign allies since 1990. Lavalas, Aristide's
movement of the poor, despite its modest objectives, posed a serious
threat to Duvalierism. <br><br>
Twice, in 1991 and 2004, democratically elected governments in Haiti led
by Aristide have been overthrown in US backed coups that led to the
murder of thousands of his supporters. US governments (and their allies
in Canada and France who helped out with the 2004 coup) are much like the
Mafia. The Godfather has long decided that Haiti will offer some of the
world's lowest wages to multinational corporations like Disney, Levi
Strauss and Gilden Activeware. Haiti may be the smallest shopkeeper in
the US neighborhood, but no competent Mafia Don lets the smallest
shopkeeper defy him. [4] <br><br>
<b>Burying the Past and the Present <br><br>
</b>It is impossible to rationally assess foreign intervention in Haiti -
present or future - without discussing to the two coups against
Aristide's governments in 1991 and 2004. With numerous ideas being
floated in the press about how to "fix", "rebuild"
and even "re-imagine" Haiti, it's instructive to look at how
often the coups were mentioned in articles written after the earthquake.
<br><br>
Between January 12 and February 6, according to Lexis Nexis, the words
"Aristide" and "coup" appear in only 6.4% of the
articles about Haiti in the major English newspapers (8% in the case of
Canada's five largest newspapers). None of the articles that mention
"Aristide" and "coup" in Canada's major newspapers
were editorials. In contrast, two editorials (in the Globe & Mail,
January 14 and Montreal Gazette, January 16) approvingly mentioned Paul
Collier, a World Bank economist and leading proponent of the Duvalierist
economic polices described above. Collier has written <br><br>
"Haiti has labor costs that are fully competitive with China, which
is the global benchmark. Haitian labor is not only cheap, it is of good
quality. Indeed, because <b><u>the garments industry used to be much
larger than it is currently </u></b>[my emphasis], there is a substantial
pool of experienced labor."[5] <br><br>
Just don't ask how wages will be kept appalling low or how they got that
way. Collier's cheerleaders in the press ignore the violence that has
always been required in Haiti for Collier's, hardly novel and untested,
"suggestions" to be implemented. <br><br>
Even those rare articles that mentioned the coups against Aristide
usually regurgitated the version of events offered by the US and Canadian
governments. A good example of the standard whitewash appeared in an
article written by Geoffrey York for the Toronto Globe and Mail
("Exiled Aristide bidding to come home", January 16, 2010). [6]
<br><br>
I wrote to Geoffrey York about his article and pointed out facts that,
judging by his article, he was completely unaware of. York replied, and a
lengthier exchange ensued than I have ever had with a corporate
journalist. <br><br>
The full exchange can be read here <br><br>
<a href="http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=325">
http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=325</a>
<br><br>
One of the things York said in defense of his work was that
"brevity" forced him to leave things out. This is how York
summarized recent Haitian history in his article: <br><br>
"He was elected president in a landslide victory in 1990, but was
overthrown in a military coup in 1991.After years of exile in Venezuela
and the United States, he was reinstated to power in 1994 with the help
of heavy pressure from the U.S. government, including the deployment of
20,000 troops. <br><br>
In 2000, he won election again, but human-rights groups criticized his
campaign for using violence and intimidation. Opposition parties
boycotted the election and refused to recognize his victory. <br><br>
Over the next four years his government was plagued by protests against
human-rights abuses, corruption, economic woes and high unemployment. His
armed supporters were accused of attacking journalists and political
opponents. <br><br>
The anti-government protests intensified in 2004 and turned violent, and
Mr. Aristide was forced to flee the country. He later complained that he
was 'kidnapped' and bundled onto a U.S. airplane by U.S. security agents.
He was flown to the Central African Republic and later to South Africa,
where the government gave him a villa in Pretoria." <br><br>
<br><br>
Using an equal number of words (just as much "brevity")
Geoffrey York could have written the following: <br><br>
"In 1990, after decades of dictatorship bankrolled by Washington,
Haitians voted in their first free presidential election. The winner,
Jean Bertrand Aristide, was quickly deposed in a US backed coup. Bill
Clinton ordered the regime to resign in 1994 but insisted that Aristide's
years in exile count as years served in office and that Aristide
implement policies favored by the Haitian elite. Clinton ensured that
perpetrators of the coup escaped justice or remained employed in Haiti's
security forces. <br><br>
From 1995-2002, the US spent 70 million dollars on strengthening
Aristide's opponents. Aristide was elected again in 2000. His opponents
used the international media to spread baseless allegations of electoral
fraud, human rights abuses and corruption. The US and Canada imposed a
crippling aid embargo. Aristide says he was kidnapped by US troops in
2004. The US blocked efforts by the Caribbean Community and the African
Union to bring about an investigation. During 2004-2006, under a US (and
Canadian) backed dictatorship, thousands of Aristide's supporters were
murdered." <br><br>
<br><br>
No doubt, the need for brevity forces a reporter to over simply things,
to leave out supporting facts and arguments that, ideally, would be
included. For example, among other things, the two preceding paragraphs
do not say enough about Canada's complicity with the 2004 coup. Canadian
troops secured the airport as US troops took Aristide out of Haiti.
Canada oversaw the Haitian judiciary as it filled Haitian jails with
political prisoners. A Canadian government funded "human rights
group" (RNDDH) spearheaded the campaign to criminalize any
association with Aristide's government. [7] <br><br>
However, the need for brevity (in and of itself) does not force anyone to
regurgitate government spin. This is trivially obvious, but anyone who
has corresponded with journalists knows that "brevity",
"concision", or "lack of space" is constantly invoked
by journalists as an excuse for parroting establishment views. <br><br>
Geoffrey York also pointed out to me that he is based in Johannesburg and
covers sub-Saharan Africa after spending years in China and Russia. This
is very important because it means his research about Haiti consisted of
reviewing of corporate press reports. It would have been miraculous if
York had written differently than he did – putting aside other
constraints – <b><u>if he relied on the corporate media. <br><br>
</u></b>There are a few corporate journalists who have broken with the
pack in their reporting on Haiti. Two examples, which I pointed out to
York, are Andrew Buncombe and Andy Kershaw of the UK Independent. Their
work stands apart because they've looked beyond establishment friendly
sources for information, but their work is so rare that anyone would
almost have to know about it in advance in order to find it. Even the
liberal newspaper Buncombe and Kershaw work for has taken editorial
positions as blinkered and reactionary as one can find in the right wing
press - virtually applauding the coup in Haiti in 2004 and openly
cheering the one in Honduras in 2009. [8] <br><br>
Another one of the few articles to mention coups against Aristide was one
written by Peggy Curran for the Montréal Gazette ("How Haiti Lost
its Way", January 30). Curran's article was over three thousand
words long, so brevity would be an especially feeble excuse for her
distortions of history. <br><br>
She wrote about the brutality of the Duvaliers but not about the crucial
support they received from the US. She even cast the Reaganites as heroes
who pressured Jean Claude Duvalier to flee Haiti in 1986. The US did
finally cut Duvalier loose - and immediately transferred support to his
military henchmen. In the first year after Duvalier fled, the Haitian
military government, generously funded by the US, openly killed more
protestors than Jean Claude Duvalier did in fifteen years.[9] <br><br>
Of the 1991 coup, Curran merely wrote that Aristide was "returned to
power with the help of U.S. troops in 1994 after his first term was
interrupted for three years," <br><br>
The three year "interruption" was a bloodbath sponsored by the
US that left 4000 people murdered, thousands tortured, and hundreds of
thousands driven into hiding. Emmanuel Constant, one of the key
ringleaders, was on the CIA payroll and was protected from deportation to
Haiti for years by the Clinton Administration. [10] <br><br>
Curran wrote of the 2004 coup that deposed Aristide's second government:
<br><br>
"...he, too, would be forced to flee, scuttled onto a plane to
nowhere, one more in a dismal succession of failed leaders and abusive,
discredited régimes in a land seemingly forever doomed by its past."
<br><br>
If her characterization of Aristide were accurate then Rene Preval's
electoral victory in 2006 is impossible to explain. Preval was not part
of the US and Canadian funded opposition to Aristide. Preval's candidacy
was violently opposed by supporters of the coup, and, in contrast,
endorsed by prominent Aristide allies such as the late Father Gerard
Jean-Juste, and applauded by Aristide himself.[11] <br><br>
I made many of these points in an email I sent to Peggy Curran. She did
not reply. <br><br>
<b>Securing Disaster and Reviving Colonialism <br><br>
</b>Yves Engler, a Canadian writer and activist, recently pointed out
that Haiti now has more foreign troops on its soil per square mile than
Afghanistan or Iraq. [12] There is no war going on, but if these troops
were providing effective assistance to the victims of the earthquake,
then their presence could be justified. The reality is that the
militarized relief effort has been a disgrace. <br><br>
First hand accounts by independent journalists (Kevin Pina, Amy Goodman,
Ansel Herz), other independent observers (Jim Quigley, Timothy Schwatrz)
and even some corporate journalists (Mark Doyle of the BBC) have exposed
the relief efforts as "pathetic" (Doyle's evaluation). Peter
Hallward, in his essay entitled "Securing Disaster", thoroughly
reviewed the evidence that justifies this assessment. [13] <br><br>
As Hallward and others have argued, while the militarized relief effort
has done little for the victims, it could help deal with "the
ever-nagging threat of popular political participation and
empowerment". <br><br>
Corporate pundits have not been shy about calling for direct foreign
control over Haiti. The Economist stated uninhibitedly that "Some
will object that this would undermine a democratically elected
government. But there is not much left to undermine."[14] <br><br>
The US occupied Haiti from 1915-1934. Future trampling of Haitian
sovereignty will require historical editing of that occupation. Right on
cue, Peter Shawn Taylor, an editor-at-large of the Canadian magazine,
Macleans, stepped forward with an article entitled "What we can
learn form the US Occupation of Haiti." (Globe and Mail, February 1)
<br><br>
Taylor wrote that the US occupation was a "golden era" in
Haitian history which "provides a convenient frame of reference for
what the rest of the world can expect as it tries to rebuild the
benighted country." For readers who will have to look up the word
"benighted" (as I did), it means "to be in a state of
intellectual, moral, or social darkness". Like all apologists for
the US occupation, Taylor raved about the building of roads and other
infrastructure. <br><br>
I wrote to Taylor and pointed out facts his article ignored completely.
<br><br>
My full correspondence with Taylor can bee seen here <br><br>
<a href="http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=341">
http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=341</a>
<br><br>
The infrastructure Taylor wrote about was built by reinstituting the
"corvee" (slave labour) which had not been used since 1863. US
troops and their Haitian collaborators killed 3,000 to 15,000 Caco rebels
in order to pacify the country (while sustaining only about 98 killed and
wounded themselves). Some historians say the death toll for Haitians was
higher. North American firms grabbed 266,000 acres of Haitian land by
robbing 50,000 peasants of their land in the north of Haiti alone. The US
occupation also left behind the modernized Haitian army which would
effectively continue the US occupation after it officially ended. [15]
<br><br>
Taylor replied to me by saying that <br><br>
"…the 'Golden Era' for Haiti to which I was referring was in regard
to the amount of infrastructure built during the US occupation".
<br><br>
He made no attempt to explain his silence about slave labor or about the
killing and dispossession of tens of thousands of Haitians. He wrote that
he had been "thinking of mentioning your point about the gendarmerie
[the Haitian army], but ran out of space." <br><br>
He ended his reply by asking <br><br>
"Can you suggest any time period in which more rapid development and
modernization occurred in Haitian history?" <br><br>
I answered his question as follows: <br><br>
"Yes, under democratic rule between 1994-2000 more schools were
built in Haiti than between 1804–1994. By 2003, literacy campaigns
reduced the illiteracy rate from 85% to 55%., infant mortality declined
from 125 deaths per 1000 to 110. The Haitian army was abolished. All of
that just scratches the surface of what was achieved despite the efforts
of the US over this period (with Canada's enthusiastic help over the past
several years) to crush democracy in Haiti." [16] <br><br>
I asked Taylor why he didn't look at what Haitians achieved when they had
a limited opportunity to govern themselves - and suggest that era, rather
then the US occupation, as the template for moving forward. <br><br>
He wrote back <br><br>
"With respect to which period of time has seen more development in
Haiti, I think we are at a stalemate. You cite some impressive evidence
on building schools from a pro-Aristide group document, however even this
paper shows that the American-era saw the construction of more hospitals
and clinics..". <br>
. <br>
Taylor closed by saying <br><br>
"You may disagree with by perspective, but again, that is a matter
of opinion." <br><br>
I replied again: <br><br>
"I don't see a 'stalemate' when you consider that between 1994-2003
the Haitian governments (under both Aristide and Preval) were freely
elected and did not resort to the murder and dispossession of tens of
thousands of people or to the use of slave labour - all of which the US
did during the occupation. <br><br>
It is shocking to have to make this point - again - to a writer in the
21rst century with access to a large audience. <br><br>
It comes down to values. A writer who glorifies a brutal occupation
through lies of omission does not appear to value basic human rights or
democracy." <br><br>
Actually, it's possible that Peter Shawn Taylor does values human rights
and democracy - just not for Haitians. That's an attitude that has proven
to be quite prevalent in the corporate media.<br><br>
<b>SUGGESTED ACTION(S) <br><br>
</b>1) If you haven't already, make a donation to one the relief
organizations recommended by the Canada Haiti Action Network (CHAN)<br>
<a href="http://canadahaitiaction.ca/">http://canadahaitiaction.ca/</a>
<br><br>
2) Send polite, non-abusive emails to the following <br>
( copy all letters and replies to Joe@canuckmedeiamonitor.org )<br><br>
Peggy Curran <br>
pcurran@thegazette.canwest.com<br><br>
Montreal Gazette: <br>
letters@thegazette.canwest.com<br><br>
Toronto Star<br>
lettertoed@thestar.ca <br><br>
Toronto Globe & Mail<br>
letters@GlobeAndMail.ca<br><br>
3) Forward this alert far and wide <br><br>
<b>NOTES<br>
</b>[1] cited by Eduardo Galeano; "Open Veins of Latin America"
pg 274 <br><br>
[2] see Paul Farmer's "Uses of Haiti" page 99, 291; also Peter
Hallward's "Damming the flood" pages 5,6<br><br>
[3] See Hallward's "Option Zero" essay<br>
<a href="http://www.zcommunications.org/option-zero-in-haiti-by-peter-hallward">
http://www.zcommunications.org/option-zero...-peter-hallward</a><br><br>
[4] The Haiti as small shopkeeper analogy was used by Noam Chomsky in
this 2007 interview<br>
<a href="http://www.haitianalysis.com/2007/1/15/godfather-and-the-small-storekeeper-chomsky-on-haiti">
http://www.haitianalysis.com/2007/1/15/god...homsky-on-haiti</a><br><br>
[5] Haiti: From Natural Catastrophe to Economic Security: A Report for
the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Paul Collier, Department of
Economics, Oxford University, January 2009<br>
In Haiti, the menu of policies Collier advocates have, for decades, been
derided as the "death plan".<br><br>
[6] Rick Salutin and Gerald Caplan wrote articles mentioning US wrong
doing in Haiti. Caplan's was quite hard hitting ("Some facts Stephen
Harper should have on Haiti, Globe & Mail", February 5, 2010)
but both Caplan and Salutin said nothing about Canada's deep complicity
with US.<br><br>
Janet Bagnall of the Montreal Gazette took the same approach. My brief
exchange with Bagnall is below<br>
<a href="http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=339">
http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=339</a><br><br>
Other correspondence with Canadian journalists about Haiti and other
topics can be read here<br>
<a href="http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showforum=6">
http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showforum=6</a><br><br>
[7] See "Canada in Haiti: Waging war on the poor majority" by
Yves Engler and Anthony Fenton<br><br>
[8] Andrew Buncombe, "Discovered by Columbus, built by France – and
wrecked by dictators"<br>
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/discovered-by-columbus-built-by-france-ndash-and-wrecked-by-dictators-1869513.html">
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/am...rs-1869513.html</a><br><br>
Andy Kershaw; "Stop treating these people like savages." <br>
<a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/andy-kershaw-stop-treating-these-people-like-savages-1874218.html">
http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/comme...es-1874218.html</a><br><br>
Independent Editorial; "At Last, The US joins France to send Forces
to Haiti", March 1, 2004<br><br>
Independent Editorial; "Guns and Deomcracy" June 30,
2009<br><br>
[9] See pg 109,110 of Paul Farmer's "Uses of Haiti"<br><br>
[10] See my exchange my with Geoffrey York for sources and discussion of
HRW's reporting on Haiti<br>
<a href="http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=325">
http://canuckmediamonitor.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=325</a><br><br>
[11] On Father Gerard Jean-Juste's endorsement of Preval see<br>
AP: February 6, 2006 Monday "Haitian priest urges vote for Preval in
Haiti election"<br><br>
See also Hallward's interview with Aristide in "Damming the
Flood"<br><br>
[12] Yves Engler made the point at the following talk
<a href="http://www.cctv.org/watch-tv/programs/catastrophe-haiti-natural-and-unnatural-disaster">
http://www.cctv.org/watch-tv/programs/cata...atural-disaster</a><br><br>
[13] Kevin Pina's reports from Haiti can be accessed here <br>
<a href="http://www.flashpoints.net/">http://www.flashpoints.net/</a><br>
<br>
Blog reports from Haiti by Ansel Haerz can be accessed here<br>
<a href="http://www.mediahacker.org/">http://www.mediahacker.org/</a><br>
<br>
For Amy Goodman's reports see<br>
<a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2010/1/19/haiti_is_shaken_to_the_core">
http://www.democracynow.org/2010/1/19/hait...ken_to_the_core</a><br><br>
See Hallward; "Securing Disaster" for other sources
<a href="http://www.zcommunications.org/securing-disaster-in-haiti-by-peter-hallward">
http://www.zcommunications.org/securing-di...-peter-hallward</a><br><br>
[14] (Economist, January 23, A plan for Haiti; After the
earthquake)<br><br>
[15] See "Uses of Haiti" pg 82-85; "Damming the
Flood" pg 14<br><br>
[16] The source I cited about the 1994-2003 era in my exchange with
Taylor was the following<br>
<a href="http://www.teledyol.net/WWNF/wwnf.pdf">
http://www.teledyol.net/WWNF/wwnf.pdf</a><br><br>
<br><br>
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