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<h1><font size=4><b>Indigenous People Troubled by U.S. Military
Presence</b></font></h1><font size=3>August 21, 2009 By <b>Gustavo
Capdevila</b> <br>
<a href="http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=48076" eudora="autourl">
http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=48076<br><br>
</a>GENEVA, Aug 13 (IPS) - The head of Colombia's biggest association of
indigenous people is concerned that allowing U.S. troops to use military
bases in his country will signal a regression to former times when the
United States exercised control over Latin America, while a native
activist warned of an increase in the number of cases of sexual abuse of
young indigenous women by foreign soldiers. <br><br>
A recent agreement between Bogotá and Washington for the U.S. to use
seven military bases in Colombia, which has caused concern across Latin
America, was ignored in discussions about Colombia's record on racial
discrimination, held this week in Geneva. <br><br>
At sessions of the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination (CERD), the effects of militarisation in Colombia, which
has been torn by civil war by nearly half a century, were examined, but
the controversial issue of the bases was not raised, said Karmen Ramírez
Boscán, a leader of the National Indigenous Organisation of Colombia
(ONIC). <br><br>
"This issue is a focus of broad debate at the national level, and of
course it should have been dealt with here at this U.N. agency,"
said Ramírez Boscán, a Wayuu indigenous woman. <br><br>
The fact that it was not discussed is because "we all know that a
very sensitive situation is developing," she said. <br><br>
The agreement between the two countries provides greater access to
Colombian territory for the U.S. military, which will operate small
stations known as Forward Operating Locations (FOLs) or Cooperative
Security Locations (CSLs). <br><br>
This will create changed circumstances and greater difficulties for
Colombian, especially indigenous, women. "I think that, directly or
indirectly, this generates violence, and obviously its most immediate
effects are on Colombian women," said Ramírez Boscán. <br><br>
The indigenous leader recalled cases that have been investigated of young
single mothers in which "the fathers had been stationed at Colombian
military bases. They became pregnant by foreign soldiers, not
Colombians," Ramírez Boscán told IPS. <br><br>
"I believe the greater presence of U.S. troops will definitely bring
changes to the local areas near the bases," she said. <br><br>
Wilbert van der Zeijden, an expert with the Transnational Institute, told
IPS in April that "We should not forget that military bases are
usually inhabited mostly by young men, who get bored and frustrated,
being far from home, family, friends and girlfriends/wives. They seek
'diversion' in town. "The result has been a steep increase in all
sorts of crime, including rape, drugs, theft and violent abuse," he
said. In the view of Luis Evelis Andrade, an indigenous elder and head of
ONIC, the fight against drugs and terrorism is being used as a pretext to
wind the clock back to the time when the United States had total control
over Latin American countries. <br><br>
Some of the seven bases are close to villages of indigenous or
Afro-descendant people, while others are not, Andrade said. <br><br>
"The Colombian state and the government are riding roughshod over
what I understand to be the feelings and the collective imaginary about
the meaning of foreign military bases in any country, and especially in
Latin America," he said. <br><br>
"Bases commanded, operated and administered by the United States are
unacceptable, and so are bases operated by the Colombian military with
the presence of U.S. military advisers," he said. Neither scenario
is acceptable "to us, as indigenous peoples." <br><br>
Cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking cannot mean
interference and the covert abdication of sovereignty to another country,
said Andrade, of the Emberá people, who as elder statesman is president
of ONIC, the national authority of indigenous peoples living in Colombia.
<br><br>
U.S. forces at the bases will have immunity from the Colombian justice
system, and facilities for operating C-17 Globemasters, large transport
planes for troops and weapons with a range that extends to half the South
American continent. With refuelling and provisioning, these aircraft can
reach every part of the Americas except Cape Horn, at the southernmost
tip of Chile. <br><br>
Andrade remarked that the Colombian government acts as if the agreement
with the United States had implications only for Colombia. But experts
and other governments are well aware that the aircraft and technology
involved have implications far beyond the borders of Colombia, and can be
used to spy on other countries, he said. <br><br>
"We're already sick and tired of the internal armed conflict. We
think (U.S. access to) these bases should not be implemented, because we
believe it will damage relations with bordering countries," he
added. <br><br>
For example, deteriorating relations between Colombia and Ecuador and
between Colombia and Venezuela have repercussions on health care and food
security for more than 20 indigenous villages along the Ecuadorean and
Venezuelan borders. <br><br>
The ill-feeling between the countries arises because of the mishandling
of the Colombian armed conflict, which spreads across national
boundaries, Andrade argued. <br><br>
The issue of the military bases is already causing problems for
indigenous people, "and I would say for all the poor who live on the
Colombian-Venezuelan border, as Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez himself
has recognised," Andrade said. <br><br>
The Chávez administration has frozen relations with Colombia - with which
Venezuela has close economic ties - because of the decision on military
bases. <br><br>
Andrade criticised those involved in the debate on the effects of the
tension between Bogotá and Caracas for only alluding to the crisis
experienced in the dominant economic sectors, such as automobile
manufacturers, textile industrialists and beef exporters. <br><br>
"But no one talks about the problems of the border communities,
which normally, as in the case of the border between Colombia and
Venezuela, get most of their supplies of food, clothing and even
medicines from Venezuela," he said. <br><br>
Ramírez Boscán said Colombian officials had portrayed the agreement for
the U.S. use of the bases as "a necessary evil" in order to
combat the guerrillas and drug trafficking. "But we think that it's
all part of a strategy to control everything that goes on in Latin
America, in countries like Ecuador and Venezuela, from a key geographical
position," she said. <br><br>
She said it was a good thing that Monday's summit meeting of the Union of
South American Nations (UNASUR) in Quito had decided to hold another
summit on Aug. 27 in Bariloche, in southern Argentina, to examine Latin
America's reaction to the U.S.-Colombia military base agreement.
<br><br>
"It's important for other countries to hold the Colombian state
accountable, because we really do not know what our government's
intentions are," she said. <br><br>
The plans for U.S. access to the bases have met with vocal resistance in
Colombia on the part of human rights and indigenous organisations, and
civil society in general. But "the government has responded with
indifference," Ramírez Boscán said. (END/2009) <br><br>
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