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<h1><b>Haiti’s Stealth Elections: What’s At Stake?
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<a href="http://www.haitiaction.net/News/BC/12_2_6/12_2_6.html" eudora="autourl">
http://www.haitiaction.net/News/BC/12_2_6/12_2_6.html<br>
</a><b>by Brian Concannon Jr.<br><br>
</b>Tomorrow Haitians will vote in historic elections that are as ignored
as they are important. Although they are receiving little attention in
the foreign, and even Haitian press, the elections will establish, for
the first time in nineteen years, the radically democratic and
decentralized foundation of Haiti's 1987 Constitution.<br><br>
The International attention available for elections in poor countries is
focused on Venezuela's Presidential race the same day. Haiti's President,
René Préval, is in Havana today, commemorating the 50th anniversary of
the Cuban Revolution. Even the members of the Haitianpolitics listserve
have other things on their mind: today's postings include analyses of
politics in Venezuela, Cuba, Lebanon and France, but no mention of
tomorrow's voting in Haiti. <br><br>
Haiti's elections are for municipal and local posts, which attract less
attention in any country. They are also a year late- they were originally
scheduled for November 2005 by the dictatorial Interim Government of
Haiti (IGH), but postponed several times, even as Haiti elected a
President and Parliament last spring. <br><br>
More important, many popular candidates are not running. Although the IGH
is gone- Prime Minister Gérard Latortue fled to the U.S. to avoid
prosecution for fraud and murder- the Provisional Electoral Council it
appointed is still running the voting. The Council declined to re-open
candidate registration, which excluded candidates who feared to register
under the IGH, but were willing to participate under the democratic
Préval government. The exclusion particularly impacted Haiti's largest
political party, Fanmi Lavalas, which boycotted the 2005 registration
because the IGH was routinely arresting and/or killing its leaders and
grassroots activists. Although some local candidates registered under the
party's banner anyway, they did so in less than half the races, and those
candidates were not vetted or approved by the national
organization.<br><br>
On the ground in Haiti, people do care about the elections, because they
know what is at stake. Over 29,000 candidates are running for 1,420
positions. Grassroots activists are organizing an aggressive
get-out-the-vote campaign, spreading the word through informal networks
and progressive radio stations. They are predicting a decent turnout,
albeit below the levels seen for Presidential elections.<br><br>
THE CONSTITUTION'S SOUL <br><br>
What is at stake Sunday is the "soul" of Haiti's government
established by the 1987 Constitution: a pyramid structure based on 4-6
person local assemblies, called "ASECS" (Assemblés des Sections
Communales). The ASEC system is designed to radically decentralize
political power and ensure grassroots participation at the highest levels
of government. It is so radical that the powers-that-be, including a
broad spectrum of Haitian governments and members of the International
Community- the United Nations, the Organization of American States and
the United States, all of which have played an active role in the details
of Haiti's elections- have ignored this foundation of Haiti's
constitutional system for nineteen years. Haiti has had seven election
cycles since 1987, electing five Presidents and several legislatures.
ASECS have been on the ballot less than half the time, and the system has
not been fully implemented once.<br><br>
ASEC candidates run as a slate (from a political party or group of
independents) and are chosen by voters in each communal section. Haiti is
divided into ten Departments, each Department is divided into
municipalities, or communes, and each municipality is split into communal
sections. A dense urban communal section could have more than 100,000
voters, a remote rural section as few as a few hundred. ASEC members
wield little direct power themselves, but they are the soul of the
constitutional system because they oversee and advise other government
officials, from local administrators to the National Palace, and play a
key role in selecting judges and electoral council members.<br><br>
Within the communal section, the ASECs advise and supervise the local
Sectional Council, which administers the section. Each ASEC sends one
representative to the Municipal Assembly, which plays a similar
watchdog/advisor role at the municipal level. The mayor is supposed to
report to it on the use of municipal resources, and cannot sell state
lands without the Assembly's approval. The Municipal Assembly also makes
the initial list from which local justices of the peace are
chosen.<br><br>
Each Municipal Assembly sends a representative to the Departmental
Assembly, where the power starts to accumulate. The Departmental Assembly
chooses the members of the Departmental Council, which administers the
Department. The Departmental Assembly plays a similar watchdog/advisor
role at the Departmental level, and the Departmental Council reports to
it. The Departmental Assembly also draws up a list of nominees for trial
and appellate judgeships in the Department. Each Departmental Assembly
nominates three people to serve on the national Permanent Electoral
Council (CEP), ceating a list of 30 nominees. The Supreme Court, the
executive and the legislature each pick three names from that list for
the CEP. <br><br>
Each Departmental Assembly sends a representative to the
Interdepartmental Assembly. The Interdepartmental Assembly helps the
executive branch, and is involved in policy planning. The
Interdepartmental Assembly is entitled to attend and vote at Ministerial
Council meetings that deal with issues within its domain.<br><br>
This system ensures that non-professional politicians, elected by their
neighbors, have a say at every level of Haitian government. The system is
insulated from centralized money and other forces because it is
impossible to predict which ASEC candidates are likely to make it to the
Departmental Assemblies, where power starts to accumulate. <br><br>
For example, in the 3rd Section of Croix-des-Bouquets, outside Haiti's
capitol, there are seven ASEC slates of six candidates each. If a
candidate's slate prevails, he has a one-in-six chance of being chosen
for the Croix-des-Bouquets Municipal Assembly. That Assembly has ten
members, one of which is chosen for the Departmental Assembly for the
West Department. So any one ASEC candidate has a 1-in-420 chance of
reaching the Departmental Assembly, and a 1-in-4,200 chance of reaching
the Interdepartmental Assembly.<br><br>
A HISTORIC STEP FORWARD<br><br>
Implementing the ASEC system will bring some much-needed stability to
future elections, by establishing a Permanent Electoral Council. The 1987
Constitution created a formula for choosing a Provisional Council that
would run a single election that would set the ASEC system in motion to
choose a Permanent Council. Because the ASEC system was never
implemented, every one of Haiti's elections over the last nineteen years
has been run by a Provisional Council. All but the first of those
Councils was chosen through a formula not recognized by the Constitution.
And all but the first of the elections they ran was contested by the
losing parties, who challenged (with good reason) the Provisional
Council's legitimacy.<br><br>
Nineteen years is a long time to lay the Constitution's foundation stone,
but it is better late than never. Sunday's voting is a strong first step,
but it must be followed up with diligent implementation of the entire
ASEC system. By doing so, President Préval could help end the incessant
series of electoral crises in Haiti, which keep spiraling into political
instability and twice have led to the overthrow of the Constitutional
government. In the long run, Sunday's ignored elections could be the most
important accomplishment of President Préval's administration.<br><br>
<b><i>Brian Concannon Jr. directs the Institute for Justice &
Democracy in Haiti,
<a href="http://www.ijdh.org/">www.HaitiJustice.org</a>.<br><br>
</i></b></font><x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep>
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