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<font size=3><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/" eudora="autourl">
http://www.counterpunch.org/<br><br>
</a></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><b>November 30,
2006<br><br>
</font><h1><font size=5><b>Would HRW Have Attacked Martin Luther King,
Too?<br><br>
<br>
</i></font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5 color="#990000">
Palestinians Are Being Denied the Right of Non-Violent
Resistance?</b></font></h1><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=5>By
JONATHAN COOK<br><br>
</font><font face="Times New Roman, Times" size=4><i>in Nazareth<br><br>
</i></font><font face="Verdana" size=6 color="#990000">I</font>
<font face="Verdana" size=2>f one thing offers a terrifying glimpse of
where the experiment in human despair that is Gaza under Israeli siege is
leading, it is the news that a Palestinian woman in her sixties -- a
grandmother -- chose last week to strap on a suicide belt and explode
herself next to a group of Israeli soldiers invading her refugee
camp.<br><br>
Despite the "Man bites dog" news value of the story, most of
the Israeli media played down the incident. Not surprisingly: it is
difficult to portray Fatma al-Najar as a crazed fanatic bent only the
destruction of Israel.<br><br>
It is equally difficult not to pause and wonder at the reasons for her
suicide mission: according to her family, one of her grandsons was killed
by the Israeli army, another is in a wheelchair after his leg had to be
amputated, and her house had been demolished.<br><br>
Or not to think of the years of trauma she and her family have suffered
living in a open-air prison under brutal occupation, and now, since the
"disengagement", the agonising months of grinding poverty, slow
starvation, repeated aerial bombardments, and the loss of essentials like
water and electricity.<br><br>
Or not to ponder at what it must have been like for her to spend every
day under a cloud of fear, to be powerless against a largely unseen and
malign force, and to never know when death and mutilation might strike
her or her loved ones.<br><br>
Or not to imagine that she had been longing for the moment when the
soldiers who have been destroying her family's lives might show
themselves briefly, coming close enough that she could see and touch
them, and wreak her revenge.<br><br>
Yet Western observers, and the organisations that should represent the
very best of their Enlightenment values, seem incapable of understanding
what might drive a grandmother to become a suicide bomber. Their empathy
fails them, and so does their humanity.<br><br>
Just at the moment Fatma was choosing death and resistance over
powerlessness and victimhood -- and at a time when Gaza is struggling
through one of the most oppressive and ugly periods of Israeli occupation
in nearly four decades -- Human Rights Watch published its lastest
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745325556/counterpunchmaga">
<img src="http://www.counterpunch.org/../bloodreligion.jpg" alt="[]"></a>
statement on the conflict. It is document that shames the organisation,
complacent Western societies and Fatma's memory.<br><br>
In its press release "Civilians Must Not Be Used to Shield Homes
Against Military Attacks", which was widely reported by the
international media, HRW lambasts armed Palestinian groups for calling on
civilians to surround homes that have been targeted for air strikes by
the Israeli military.<br><br>
Noting almost as an afterthought that more than 1,500 Palestinians have
been made homeless from house demolitions in the past few months, and
that 105 houses have been destroyed from the air, the press release
denounces Palestinian attempts at non-violent and collective action to
halt the Israel attacks. HRW refers in particular to three
incidents.<br><br>
On November 3, Hamas appealed to women to surround a mosque in Beit
Hanoun where Palestinian men had sought shelter from the Israeli army.
Israeli soldiers opened fire on the women, killing two and injuring at
least 10.<br><br>
And last week on two separate occasions, crowds of supporters gathered
around the houses of men accused of being militants by Israel who had
received phone messages from the Israeli security forces warning that
their families' homes were about to be bombed.<br><br>
In language that would have made George Orwell shudder, one of the
world's leading organisations for the protection of human rights ignored
the continuing violation of the Palestinians' right to security and a
roof over their heads and argued instead: "There is no excuse for
calling [Palestinian] civilians to the scene of a planned [Israeli]
attack. Whether or not the home is a legitimate military target,
knowingly asking civilians to stand in harm's way is
unlawful."<br><br>
There is good reason to believe that this reading of international law is
wrong, if not Kafkaesque. Popular and peaceful resistance to the
oppressive policies of occupying powers and autocratic rulers, in India
and South Africa for example, has always been, by its very nature, a
risky venture in which civilians are liable to be killed or injured.
Responsibility for those deaths must fall on those doing the oppressing,
not those resisting, particularly when they are employing non-violent
means. On HRW's interpretation, Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela would
be war criminals.<br><br>
HRW also applies a series of terrible double standards in this press
release.<br><br>
It refuses Palestinians the right to protect homes from attack, labelling
these civilians "human shields", even while admitting that most
of the homes are not legitimate military targets, and yet it has not said
a word about the common practice in Israel of building weapons factories
and army bases inside or next to communities, thereby forcing Israeli
civilians to become human shields for the army.<br><br>
And HRW prefers to highlight a supposed violation of international law by
the Palestinians -- their choice to act as "human shields" --
and to demand that the practice end immediately, while ignoring the very
real and continuing violation of international law committed by Israel in
undertaking punitive house demolitions against Palestinian
families.<br><br>
But let us ignore even these important issues and assume that HRW is
technically correct that such Palestinian actions do violate
international law. Nonetheless, HRW is still failing us and mocking its
mandate, because it has lost sight of the three principles that must
guide the vision of a human rights organisation: a sense of priorities,
proper context and common sense.<br><br>
<b>Priorities</b>: Every day HRW has to choose which of the many abuses
of international law taking place around the world it highlights. It
manages to record only a tiny fraction of them. The assumption of many
outsiders may be that it focuses on only the most egregious examples.
That would be wrong.<br><br>
The simple truth is that the worse a state's track record on human
rights, the easier ride it gets, relatively speaking, from human rights
organisations. That is both because, if abuses are repeated often enough,
they become so commonplace as to go unremarked, and because, if the
abuses are wide-ranging and systematic, only a small number of the
offences will be noted.<br><br>
Israel, unlike the Palestinians, benefits in both these respects. After
four decades of reporting on Israel's occupation of the Palestinians, HRW
has covered all of Israel's many human rights-abusing practices at least
once before. The result is that after a while most violations get
ignored. Why issue another report on house demolitions or "targeted
assassinations", even though they are occurring all the time? And,
how to record the individual violations of tens of thousands of
Palestinians' rights every day at checkpoints? One report on the
checkpoints once every few years has to suffice instead.<br><br>
In Israel's case, there is an added reluctance on the part of
organisations like HRW to tackle the extent and nature of Israel's
trampling of Palestinian rights. Constant press releases denouncing
Israel would provoke accusations, as they do already, that Israel is
being singled out -- and with it, the implication that anti-Semitism lies
behind the special treatment.<br><br>
So HRW chooses instead to equivocate. It ignores most Israeli violations
and highlights every Palestinian infraction, however minor. This way it
makes a pact with the devil: it achieves the balance that protects it
from criticism but only by sacrificing the principles of equity and
justice.<br><br>
In its press release, for example, HRW treats the recent appeal to
Palestinians to exercise their right to protect their neighbours, and to
act in soldarity with non-violent resistance to occupation, as no
different from the dozens of known violations committed by the Israeli
army of abducting Palestinian civilians as human shields to protect its
troops.<br><br>
Women vounteering to surround a mosque become the equivalent of the
notorious incident in January 2003 when 21-year-old Samer Sharif was
handcuffed to the hood of an army Jeep and driven towards stone-throwing
youngsters in Nablus as Israeli soldiers fired their guns from behind his
head.<br><br>
According to HRW's approach to international law, the two incidents are
comparable.<br><br>
<b>Context</b>: The actions of Palestinians occur in a context in which
all of their rights are already under the control of their occupier,
Israel, and can be violated at its whim. This means that it is
problematic, from a human rights perspective, to place the weight of
culpability on the Palestinians without laying far greater weight at the
same time on the situation to which the Palestinians are
reacting.<br><br>
Here is an example. HRW and other human rights organisations have taken
the Palestinians to task for the extra-judicial killings of those
suspected of collaborating with the Israeli security forces.<br><br>
Although it is blindingly obvious that the lynching of an alleged
collaborator is a violation of that person's fundamental right to life,
HRW's position of simply blaming the Palestinians for this practice
raises two critical problems.<br><br>
First, it fudges the issue of accountability.<br><br>
In the case of a "targeted assassination", Israel's version of
extra-judicial killing, we have an address to hold accountable: the
apparatus of a state in the forms of the Israeli army which carried out
the murder and the Israeli politicians who approved it. (These officials
are also responsible for the bystanders who are invariably killed along
with the target.)<br><br>
But unless it can be shown that the lynchings are planned and coordinated
at a high level, a human rights organisation cannot apply the same
standards by which it judges a state to a crowd of Palestinians, people
gripped by anger and the thirst for revenge. The two are not equivalent
and cannot be held to account in the same way. Palestinians carrying out
a lynching are commiting a crime punishable under ordinary domestic law;
while the Israeli army carrying out a "targeted assassination"
is commiting state terrorism, which must be tried in the court of world
opinion.<br><br>
Second, HRW's position ignores the context in which the lynching takes
place.<br><br>
The Palestinian resistance to occupation has failed to realise its goals
mainly because of Israel's extensive network of collaborators,
individuals who have usually been terrorised by threats to themselves or
their family and/or by torture into "co-operating" with
Israel's occupation forces.<br><br>
The great majority of planned attacks are foiled because one member of
the team is collaborating with Israel. He or she not only sabotages the
attack but often also gives Israel the information it needs to kill the
leaders of the resistance (as well as bystanders). Collaborators, though
common in the West Bank and Gaza, are much despised -- and for good
reason. They make the goal of national liberation impossible.<br><br>
Palestinians have been struggling to find ways to make collaboration less
appealing. When the Israeli army is threatening to jail your son, or
refusing a permit for your wife to receive the hospital treatment she
needs, you may agree to do terrible things. Armed groups and many
ordinary Palestinians countenance the lynchings because they are seen as
a counterweight to Israel's own powerful techniques of intimidation -- a
deterrence, even if a largely unsuccessful one.<br><br>
In issuing a report on the extra-judicial killing of Palestinian
collaborators, therefore, groups like HRW have a duty to highlight first
and with much greater emphasis the responsibility of Israel and its
decades-long occupation for the lynchings, as the context in which
Palestinians are forced to mimic the barbarity of those oppressing them
to stand any chance of defeating them.<br><br>
The press release denouncing the Palestinians for choosing collectively
and peacefully to resist house demolitions, while not concentrating on
the violations committed by Israel in destroying the houses and using
military forms of intimidation and punishment against civilians, is a
travesty for this very same reason.<br><br>
<b>Common sense</b>: And finally human rights organisations must never
abandon common sense, the connecting thread of our humanity, when making
judgments about where their priorities lie.<br><br>
In the past few months Gaza has sunk into a humanitarian disaster
engineered by Israel and the international community. What has been HRW's
response? It is worth examining its most recent reports, those on the
front page of the Mideast section of its website last week, when the
latest press release was issued. Four stories relate to Israel and
Palestine.<br><br>
Three criticise Palestinian militants and the wider society in various
ways: for encouraging the use of "human shields", for firing
home-made rockets into Israel, and for failing to protect women from
domestic violence. One report mildly rebukes Israel, urging the
government to ensure that the army properly investigates the reasons for
the shelling that killed 19 Palestinian inhabitants of Beit
Hanoun.<br><br>
This shameful imbalance, both in the number of reports being issued
against each party and in terms of the failure to hold accountable the
side committing the far greater abuses of human rights, has become the
HRW's standard procedure in Israel-Palestine.<br><br>
But in its latest release, on human shields, HRW plumbs new depths,
stripping Palestinians of the right to organise non-violent forms of
resistance and seek new ways of showing solidarity in the face of illegal
occupation. In short, HRW treats the people of Gaza as mere rats in a
laboratory -- the Israeli army's view of them -- to be experimented on at
will.<br><br>
HRW's priorities in Israel-Palestine prove it has lost its moral
bearings.<br><br>
<b>Jonathan Cook</b> is a writer and journalist based in Nazareth,
Israel. He is the author of the forthcoming
"<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0745325556/counterpunchmaga">
Blood and Religion: The Unmasking of the Jewish and Democratic
State</a>" published by Pluto Press, and available in the United
States from the University of Michigan Press. His website is
<a href="http://www.jkcook.net/">www.jkcook.net</a><br><br>
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