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Source: BBC News - May 19, 2006<br>
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/19_05_06_torture.pdf<br><br>
</a>Converted from .pdf format by NY Transfer News - May 19,
2006<br><br>
UNITED NATIONS COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE <br>
36th session - 1-19 May 2006<br><br>
<br>
CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS
SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES<br>
UNDER ARTICLE 19 OF THE CONVENTION<br>
Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee against
Torture:<br><br>
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA<br><br>
<br>
1. The Committee against Torture ("the Committee") considered
the second<br>
report of the United States of America (CAT/C/48/Add.3/Rev.1) at its
702nd<br>
and 705th meetings (CAT/C/SR.702 and 705), held on 5 and 8 May 2006,
and<br>
adopted, at its 720th and 721st meetings, on 17 and 18 May 2006<br>
(CAT/C/SR.720 and 721) the following conclusions and
recommendations.<br><br>
A. Introduction<br><br>
2. The second periodic report of the United States of America was due on
19<br>
November 2001, as requested by the Committee at its twenty-fourth session
in<br>
May 2000 (A/55/44, para. 180 (f)) and was received on 6 May 2005.
The<br>
Committee notes that the report includes a point-by-point reply to
the<br>
Committee's previous recommendations.<br><br>
3. The Committee commends the State party for its exhaustive written<br>
responses to the Committee's list of issues, as well as the detailed<br>
responses provided both in writing and orally to the questions posed by
the<br>
members during the examination of the report. The Committee expresses
its<br>
appreciation for the large and high-level delegation, comprising<br>
representatives from relevant Departments of the State party, which<br>
facilitated a constructive oral exchange during the consideration of
the<br>
report.<br><br>
4. The Committee notes that the State party has a federal
structure, but<br>
recalls that the United States of America is a single State under<br>
international law and has the obligation to implement the Convention
against<br>
Torture ("the Convention") in full at the domestic
level.<br><br>
5. Recalling its statement adopted on 22 November 2001 condemning
utterly<br>
the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the terrible threat to<br>
international peace and security posed by acts of international
terrorism<br>
and the need to combat by all means, in accordance with the Charter of
the<br>
United Nations, the threats caused by terrorist acts, the Committee<br>
recognizes that these attacks caused profound suffering to many residents
of<br>
the State party. The Committee acknowledges that the State party is
engaged<br>
in protecting its security and the security and freedom of its citizens
in a<br>
complex legal and political context.<br><br>
B. Positive aspects<br><br>
6. The Committee welcomes the State party's statement that all
United<br>
States' officials, from all Government agencies, including its
contractors,<br>
are prohibited from engaging in torture at all times and in all places,
and<br>
that all United States' officials from all Government agencies,
including<br>
its contractors, wherever they may be, are prohibited from engaging
in<br>
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, in accordance with
the<br>
obligations in the Convention.<br><br>
7. The Committee notes with satisfaction the State party's
statement that<br>
the United States does not transfer persons to countries where it
believes<br>
it is "more likely than not" that they will be tortured, and
that this also<br>
applies, as a matter of policy, to the transfer of any individual, in
the<br>
State party's custody, or control, regardless of where they are
detained.<br><br>
8. The Committee welcomes the State party's clarification that the
statement<br>
of the U.S. President on signing the Detainee Treatment Act on 30
December<br>
2005 is not to be interpreted as a derogation by the President from
the<br>
absolute prohibition of torture.<br><br>
9. The Committee also notes with satisfaction the enactment
of:<br><br>
a) The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003, which addresses sexual
assault<br>
of persons in the custody of correctional agencies, with the purpose,
inter<br>
alia, of establishing a "zero-tolerance standard" for rape in
detention<br>
facilities in the State party; and<br><br>
b) That part of the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 which prohibits
cruel,<br>
inhuman, or degrading treatment and punishment of any person, regardless
of<br>
nationality or physical location, in the custody or under the
physical<br>
control of the State party.<br><br>
10. The Committee welcomes the adoption of National Detention Standards
in<br>
2000, which set minimum standards for detention facilities holding<br>
Department of Homeland Security detainees, including
asylum-seekers.<br><br>
11. The Committee also notes with satisfaction the sustained and
substantial<br>
contributions of the State party to the United Nations Voluntary Fund
for<br>
the Victims of Torture.<br><br>
12. The Committee notes the State party's intention to adopt a new
Army<br>
Field Manual for intelligence interrogation, applicable to all its<br>
personnel, which, according to the State party, will ensure that<br>
interrogation techniques fully comply with the Convention.<br><br>
C. Principal subjects of concern and recommendations<br><br>
13. Notwithstanding the statement by the State party that "every act
of<br>
torture within the meaning of the Convention is illegal under
existing<br>
federal and/or state law", the Committee reiterates the concern
expressed in<br>
its previous Conclusions and Recommendations with regard to the absence
of a<br>
federal crime of torture, consistent with article 1 of the Convention,
given<br>
that sections 2340 and 2340 A of the United States Code limit
federal<br>
criminal jurisdiction over acts of torture to extraterritorial cases.
The<br>
Committee also regrets that, despite the occurrence of cases of<br>
extraterritorial torture of detainees, no prosecutions have been
initiated<br>
under the extraterritorial criminal torture statute. (articles 1, 2, 4
and<br>
5)<br><br>
The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation that the State
party<br>
should enact a federal crime of torture consistent with article 1 of
the<br>
Convention, which should include appropriate penalties, in order to
fulfill<br>
its obligations under the Convention to prevent and eliminate acts
of<br>
torture causing severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, in
all<br>
its forms.<br><br>
The State party should ensure that acts of psychological torture,
prohibited<br>
by the Convention, are not limited to "prolonged mental harm"
as set out in<br>
the State party's understandings lodged at the time of ratification of
the<br>
Convention, but constitute a wider category of acts, which cause
severe<br>
mental suffering, irrespective of their prolongation or its
duration.<br><br>
The State party should investigate, prosecute and punish perpetrators
under<br>
the federal extraterritorial criminal torture statute.<br><br>
14. The Committee regrets the State party's opinion that the
Convention is<br>
not applicable in times and in the context of armed conflict, on the
basis<br>
of the argument that the "law of armed conflict" is the
exclusive lex<br>
specialis applicable, and that the Convention's application "would
result in<br>
an overlap of the different treaties which would undermine the objective
of<br>
eradicating torture". (articles 1 and 16).<br><br>
The State party should recognize and ensure that the Convention applies
at<br>
all times, whether in peace, war or armed conflict, in any territory
under<br>
its jurisdiction and that the application of the Convention's provisions
are<br>
without prejudice to the provisions of any other international
instrument,<br>
pursuant to paragraph 2 of its articles 1 and 16.<br><br>
15. The Committee notes that a number of the Convention's provisions
are<br>
expressed as applying to "territory under [the State party's]
jurisdiction"<br>
(articles 2, 5, 13, 16). The Committee reiterates its previously
expressed<br>
view that this includes all areas under the de facto effective control
of<br>
the State party, by whichever military or civil authorities such control
is<br>
exercized. The Committee considers that the State party's view that
those<br>
provisions are geographically limited to its own de jure territory to
be<br>
regrettable.<br><br>
The State party should recognize and ensure that the provisions of
the<br>
Convention expressed as applicable to "territory under the State
party's<br>
jurisdiction" apply to, and are fully enjoyed, by all persons under
the<br>
effective control of its authorities, of whichever type, wherever located
in<br>
the world.<br><br>
16. The Committee notes with concern that the State party does not
always<br>
register persons detained in territories under its jurisdiction outside
the<br>
United States, depriving them of an effective safeguard against acts
of<br>
torture (article 2)<br><br>
The State party should register all persons it detains in any
territory<br>
under its jurisdiction, as one measure to prevent acts of torture.<br>
Registration should contain the identity of the detainee, the date, time
and<br>
place of the detention, the identity of the authority that detained
the<br>
person, the ground for the detention, the date and time of admission to
the<br>
detention facility and the state of health of the detainee upon
admission<br>
and any changes thereto, the time and place of interrogations, with
the<br>
names of all interrogators present, as well as the date and time of
release<br>
or transfer to another detention facility.<br><br>
17. The Committee is concerned by allegations that the State party
has<br>
established secret detention facilities, which are not accessible to
the<br>
International Committee of the Red Cross. Detainees are deprived of<br>
fundamental legal safeguards, including an oversight mechanism in regard
to<br>
their treatment and review procedures with respect to their detention.
The<br>
Committee is also concerned by allegations that those detained in
such<br>
facilities could be held for prolonged periods and face torture or
cruel,<br>
inhuman or degrading treatment. The Committee considers the "no
comment"<br>
policy of the State party regarding the existence of such secret
detention<br>
facilities, as well as on its intelligence activities, to be
regrettable.<br>
(articles 2 and 16)<br><br>
The State party should ensure that no one is detained in any secret<br>
detention facility under its de facto effective control. Detaining
persons<br>
in such conditions constitutes, per se, a violation of the Convention.
The<br>
State party should investigate and disclose the existence of any
such<br>
facilities and the authority under which they have been established and
the<br>
manner in which detainees are treated. The State party should
publicly<br>
condemn any policy of secret detention.<br><br>
The Committee recalls that intelligence activities, notwithstanding
their<br>
author, nature or location, are acts of the State party, fully engaging
its<br>
international responsibility.<br><br>
18. The Committee is concerned by reports of the involvement of the
State<br>
party in enforced disappearances. The Committee considers the State
party's<br>
view that such acts do not constitute a form of torture to be
regrettable.<br>
(articles 2 and 16)<br><br>
The State party should adopt all necessary measures to prohibit and
prevent<br>
enforced disappearance in any territory under its jurisdiction, and<br>
prosecute and punish perpetrators, as this practice constitutes, per se,
a<br>
violation of the Convention.<br><br>
19. Notwithstanding the State party's statement that "[u]nder U.S.
law,<br>
there is no derogation from the express statutory prohibition of
torture"<br>
and that "[n]o circumstances whatsoever (...) may be invoked as
a<br>
justification or defense to committing torture", the Committee
remains<br>
concerned at the absence of clear legal provisions ensuring that the<br>
Convention's prohibition against torture is not derogated from under
any<br>
circumstances, in particular since 11 September 2001. (articles 2, 11
and<br>
12)<br><br>
The State party should adopt clear legal provisions to implement the<br>
principle of absolute prohibition of torture in its domestic law without
any<br>
possible derogation. Derogation from this principle is incompatible
with<br>
paragraph 2, of article 2, of the Convention and cannot limit
criminal<br>
responsibility. The State party should also ensure that perpetrators of
acts<br>
of torture are prosecuted and punished appropriately.<br><br>
The State party should also ensure that any interrogation rules,<br>
instructions or methods do not derogate from the principle of
absolute<br>
prohibition of torture and that no doctrine under domestic law impedes
the<br>
full criminal responsibility of perpetrators of acts of torture.<br><br>
The State party should promptly, thoroughly, and impartially investigate
any<br>
responsibility of senior military and civilian officials
authorizing,<br>
acquiescing or consenting, in any way, to acts of torture committed by
their<br>
subordinates.<br><br>
20. The Committee is concerned that the State party considers that
the<br>
non-refoulement obligation, under article 3 of the Convention, does
not<br>
extend to a person detained outside its territory. The Committee is
also<br>
concerned by the State party's rendition of suspects, without any
judicial<br>
procedure, to States where they face a real risk of torture. (article
3)<br><br>
The State party should apply the non-refoulement guarantee to all
detainees<br>
in its custody, cease the rendition of suspects, in particular by
its<br>
intelligence agencies, to States where they face a real risk of torture,
in<br>
order to comply with its obligations under article 3 of the Convention.
The<br>
State party should always ensure that suspects have the possibility
to<br>
challenge decisions of refoulement.<br><br>
21. The Committee is concerned by the State party's use of
"diplomatic<br>
assurances", or other kinds of guarantees, assuring that a person
will not<br>
be tortured if expelled, returned, transferred or extradited to
another<br>
State. The Committee is also concerned by the secrecy of such
procedures<br>
including the absence of judicial scrutiny and the lack of
monitoring<br>
mechanisms put in place to assess if the assurances have been
honoured.<br>
(article 3)<br><br>
When determining the applicability of its non-refoulement obligations
under<br>
article 3 of the Convention, the State party should only rely on
"diplomatic<br>
assurances" in regard to States which do not systematically violate
the<br>
Convention's provisions, and after a thorough examination of the merits
of<br>
each individual case. The State party should establish and implement
clear<br>
procedures for obtaining such assurances, with adequate judicial
mechanisms<br>
for review, and effective post-return monitoring arrangements. The
State<br>
party should also provide detailed information to the Committee on all
cases<br>
since 11 September 2001 where assurances have been provided.<br><br>
22. The Committee, noting that detaining persons indefinitely
without<br>
charge, constitutes per se a violation of the Convention, is concerned
that<br>
detainees are held for protracted periods at Guantánamo Bay, without<br>
sufficient legal safeguards and without judicial assessment of the<br>
justification for their detention. (articles 2, 3 and 16)<br><br>
The State party should cease to detain any person at Guantánamo Bay
and<br>
close this detention facility, permit access by the detainees to
judicial<br>
process or release them as soon as possible, ensuring that they are
not<br>
returned to any State where they could face a real risk of being
tortured,<br>
in order to comply with its obligations under the Convention.<br><br>
23. The Committee is concerned that information, education and
training<br>
provided to the State party's law enforcement or military personnel are
not<br>
adequate and do not focus on all provisions of the Convention, in
particular<br>
on the non-derogable nature of the prohibition of torture and the
prevention<br>
of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. (articles 10
and<br>
11)<br><br>
The State party should ensure that education and training of all law<br>
enforcement or military personnel, are conducted on a regular basis,
in<br>
particular for personnel involved in the interrogation of suspects.
This<br>
should include training on interrogation rules, instructions and
methods,<br>
and specific training on how to identify signs of torture and cruel,
inhuman<br>
or degrading treatment. Such personnel should also be instructed to
report<br>
such incidents.<br><br>
The State party should also regularly evaluate the training and
education<br>
provided to its law enforcement and military personnel as well as
ensure<br>
regular and independent monitoring of their conduct.<br><br>
24. The Committee is concerned that in 2002 the State party authorized
the<br>
use of certain interrogation techniques, which have resulted in the death
of<br>
some detainees during interrogation. The Committee also regrets that<br>
"confusing interrogation rules" and techniques defined in vague
and general<br>
terms, such as "stress positions", have led to serious abuses
of detainees.<br>
(articles 11, 1, 2 and 16)<br><br>
The State party should rescind any interrogation technique,
including<br>
methods involving sexual humiliation, "water boarding",
"short shackling"<br>
and using dogs to induce fear, that constitute torture or cruel, inhuman
or<br>
degrading treatment or punishment, in all places of detention under its
de<br>
facto effective control, in order to comply with its obligations under
the<br>
Convention.<br><br>
25. The Committee is concerned with allegations of impunity of some of
the<br>
State party's law enforcement personnel in respect of acts of torture
or<br>
cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Committee notes
the<br>
limited investigation and lack of prosecution in respect of the
allegations<br>
of torture perpetrated in areas 2 and 3 of the Chicago Police
Department.<br>
(article 12)<br><br>
The State party should promptly, thoroughly and impartially investigate
all<br>
allegations of acts of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or<br>
punishment by law enforcement personnel and bring perpetrators to
justice,<br>
in order to fulfill its obligations under article 12 of the Convention.
The<br>
State party should also provide the Committee with information on
the<br>
ongoing investigations and prosecution relating to the above mentioned
case.<br><br>
26. The Committee is concerned by reliable reports of acts of torture
or<br>
cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment committed by
certain<br>
members of the State party's military or civilian personnel in
Afghanistan<br>
and Iraq. It is also concerned that the investigation and prosecution
of<br>
many of these cases, including some resulting in the death of
detainees,<br>
have led to lenient sentences, including of an administrative nature or
less<br>
than one year's imprisonment. (article 12)<br><br>
The State party should take immediate measures to eradicate all forms
of<br>
torture and ill-treatment of detainees by its military or civilian<br>
personnel, in any territory under its jurisdiction, and should promptly
and<br>
thoroughly investigate such acts and prosecute all those responsible
for<br>
such acts, and ensure they are appropriately punished, in accordance
with<br>
the seriousness of the crime.<br><br>
27. The Committee is concerned that the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005
aims<br>
to withdraw the jurisdiction of the State party's federal courts
with<br>
respect to habeas corpus petitions, or other claims by or on behalf
of<br>
Guantánamo Bay detainees, except under limited circumstances. The
Committee<br>
is also concerned that detainees in Afghanistan and Iraq, under the
control<br>
of the Department of Defence, have their status determined and reviewed
by<br>
an administrative process of that Department. (article 13)<br><br>
The State party should ensure that independent, prompt and thorough<br>
procedures to review the circumstances of detention and the status
of<br>
detainees are available to all detainees as required by article 13 of
the<br>
Convention.<br><br>
28. The Committee is concerned by the difficulties certain victims of
abuses<br>
have faced in obtaining redress and adequate compensation, and that only
a<br>
limited number of detainees have filed claims for compensation for
alleged<br>
abuse and maltreatment, in particular under the Foreign Claims Act.
(article<br>
14)<br><br>
The State party should ensure, in accordance with the Convention,
that<br>
mechanisms to obtain full redress, compensation and rehabilitation
are<br>
accessible to all victims of acts of torture or abuse, including
sexual<br>
violence, perpetrated by its officials.<br><br>
29. The Committee is concerned by section 1997 e (e) of the 1995
Prison<br>
Litigation Reform Act which provides "that no federal civil action
may be<br>
brought by a prisoner for mental or emotional injury suffered while
in<br>
custody without a prior showing of physical injury." (article
14)<br><br>
The State party should not limit the right of victims to bring civil
actions<br>
and amend the Prison Litigation Reform Act accordingly.<br><br>
30. The Committee, while taking note of the State party's instruction
number<br>
10 of 24 March 2006 which provides that military commissions shall not
admit<br>
statements established to be made as a result of torture in evidence,
is<br>
concerned about the implementation of the instruction in the context of
such<br>
commissions and the limitations on detainees' effective right to
complain.<br>
The Committee is also concerned about the Combatant Status Review
Tribunals<br>
and the Administrative Review Boards. (articles 13 and 15)<br><br>
The State party should ensure that its obligations under articles 13 and
15<br>
are fulfilled in all circumstances, including in the context of
military<br>
commissions and should consider establishing an independent mechanism
to<br>
guarantee the rights of all detainees in its custody.<br><br>
31. The Committee is concerned by the fact that substantiated
information<br>
indicates that executions in the State party can be accompanied by
severe<br>
pain and suffering. (articles 16, 1 and 2)<br><br>
The State party should carefully review its execution methods, in
particular<br>
lethal injection in order to prevent severe pain and suffering.<br><br>
32. The Committee is concerned by reliable reports of sexual assault
of<br>
sentenced detainees, as well as persons in pre-trial or immigration<br>
detention, in places of detention in the State party. The Committee
is<br>
concerned that there are numerous reports of sexual violence perpetrated
by<br>
detainees on each other, and that persons of differing sexual
orientation<br>
are particularly vulnerable. The Committee is also concerned by the lack
of<br>
prompt and independent investigation of such acts and that
appropriate<br>
measures to combat these abuses have not been implemented by the
State<br>
party. (articles 16, 12, 13 and 14)<br><br>
The State party should design and implement appropriate measures to
prevent<br>
all sexual violence, in all its detention centres. The State party
should<br>
ensure that all allegations of violence in detention centres are<br>
investigated promptly and independently, perpetrators are prosecuted
and<br>
appropriately sentenced and victims can seek redress, including
appropriate<br>
compensation.<br><br>
33. The Committee is concerned by the treatment of detained women
in the<br>
State party, including gender-based humiliation and incidents of
shackling<br>
of women detainees during child- birth. (article 16)<br><br>
The State party should adopt all appropriate measures to ensure that
women<br>
in detention are treated in conformity with international
standards.<br><br>
34. The Committee reiterates the concern expressed in its previous<br>
recommendations about the conditions of the detention of children,
in<br>
particular the fact that they may not be completely segregated from
adults<br>
during pre-trail detention and after sentencing. The Committee is
also<br>
concerned by the large number of children sentenced to life imprisonment
in<br>
the State party. (article 16)<br><br>
The State party should ensure that detained children are kept in
facilities<br>
separate from those for adults in conformity with international
standards.<br>
The State party should address sentences of life imprisonment of children
as<br>
these could constitute cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.<br><br>
35. The Committee remains concerned about the extensive use by the
State<br>
party's law enforcement personnel of electro-shock devices which have
caused<br>
in several deaths. The Committee is concerned that this practice
raises<br>
serious issues of compatibility with article 16 of the Convention.
(article<br>
16)<br><br>
The State party should carefully review the use of electro-shock
devices,<br>
strictly regulate their use, restricting it to substitution for
lethal<br>
weapons and eliminate the use of these devices to restrain persons
in<br>
custody, as this leads to breaches of article 16 of the
Convention.<br><br>
36. The Committee remains concerned about the extremely harsh regime
imposed<br>
on detainees in "supermaximum prisons." The Committee is
concerned about the<br>
prolonged isolation periods detainees are subjected to, the effect
such<br>
treatment has on their mental health, and that its purpose may be<br>
retribution, in which case it would constitute cruel, inhuman or
degrading<br>
treatment or punishment. (article 16)<br><br>
The State party should review the regime imposed on detainees in<br>
"supermaximum prisons," in particular the practice of prolonged
isolation.<br><br>
37. The Committee is concerned about reports of brutality and use of<br>
excessive force by the State party's law enforcement personnel, and
the<br>
numerous allegations of their ill-treatment of vulnerable groups, in<br>
particular racial minorities, migrants and persons of different
sexual<br>
orientation which have not been adequately investigated. (article 16 and
12)<br><br>
The State party should ensure that reports of brutality and ill-treatment
of<br>
members of vulnerable groups by its law enforcement personnel are<br>
independently, promptly and thoroughly investigated and that
perpetrators<br>
are prosecuted and appropriately punished.<br><br>
38. The Committee strongly encourages the State party to invite the
Special<br>
Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or<br>
punishment, in full conformity with the terms of reference for
fact-finding<br>
missions by Special Procedures of the United Nations, to visit
Guantánamo<br>
Bay and any other detention facility under its effective de facto
control.<br><br>
39. The Committee invites the State party to reconsider its express<br>
intention not to become party to the Rome Statute of the
International<br>
Criminal Court.<br><br>
40. The Committee reiterates its recommendation that the State party
should<br>
consider withdrawing its reservations, declarations and
understandings<br>
lodged at the time of ratification of the Convention.<br><br>
41. The Committee encourages the State party to consider making the<br>
declaration under article 22, thereby recognizing the competence of
the<br>
Committee to receive and consider individual communications, as well
as<br>
ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention.<br><br>
42. The Committee requests the State party to provide detailed
statistical<br>
data, disaggregated by sex, ethnicity and conduct, on complaints related
to<br>
torture and ill-treatment allegedly committed by law enforcement
officials,<br>
investigations, prosecutions, penalties and disciplinary action relating
to<br>
such complaints. It requests the State party to provide similar
statistical<br>
data and information on the enforcement of the Civil Rights of<br>
Institutionalized Persons Act by the Department of Justice, in particular
in<br>
respect to the prevention, investigation and prosecution of acts of
torture,<br>
or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in detention<br>
facilities and the measures taken to implement the Prison Rape
Elimination<br>
Act and their impact. The Committee requests the State party to
provide<br>
information on any compensation and rehabilitation provided to victims.
The<br>
Committee encourages the State party to create a federal database to<br>
facilitate the collection of such statistics and information which assist
in<br>
the assessment of the implementation of the provisions of the Convention
and<br>
the practical enjoyment of the rights it provides. The Committee
also<br>
requests the State party to provide information on investigations into
the<br>
alleged ill-treatment perpetrated by law enforcement personnel in
the<br>
aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.<br><br>
43. The Committee requests the State party to provide, within one
year,<br>
information on its response to its recommendations in paragraphs 16, 20,
21,<br>
22, 24, 33, 34 and 42 above.<br><br>
44. The Committee requests the State party to disseminate its report,
with<br>
its addenda and the written answers to the Committee's list of issues
and<br>
oral questions and the conclusions and recommendations of the
Committee<br>
widely, in all appropriate languages through official websites, the
media<br>
and non-governmental organizations.<br><br>
45. The State party is invited to submit its next periodic report,
which<br>
will be considered as its fifth periodic report, by 19 November 2011,
the<br>
due date of the fifth periodic report.<br>
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